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| Norsvik Norsvik | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Auxillary | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Nominative-Accusative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Final | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information
Useful phrases
Below are listed some useful Norsvik words and phrases.
|
English |
Norsvik |
|
Hello |
Hallo |
|
Yes |
Jas |
|
No |
Nei |
|
Good morning |
Beneostydes |
|
Good evening |
Benewestydes |
|
Good night |
Gud Niht |
|
Goodbye |
A resiht |
|
What is your name? |
Wats nomn’st ðu? |
|
My name is Marc |
Mia nomo estas Marko. |
|
How are you? |
Als wats es’st ðu? |
|
I am well. |
Jih’es gud. |
|
Do you speak Norsvik? |
Parle’st ðau Norsvik? |
|
I don't understand you |
Ji nei kenne’je ðu |
|
All right |
Riht |
|
Thank you |
Ðanke |
|
You're welcome |
Welkomme |
|
Please |
Benesif |
|
Congratulations |
Gratulon |
|
I love you |
Jih’aime’st |
|
What is that? |
Wats es ðat? |
|
That is a dog |
Ðat es ene hund |
|
I am a beginner in Nosvik |
Norsvik es neuve’je |
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal |
m |
n | ŋ | |||||
| Plosive | p b | td | k ɡ | |||||
| Fricative | f v | ð θ | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | |||
| Affricate | tʃ | |||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ||||||
| Rhotic | r |
Vowels
| Front Short | Front Long | Central Short | Central Long | Back Short | Back Long | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ɪ | i | ʊ | u | ||
| Mid | ɛ | ə | o | |||
| Open | æ | ʌ | a |
The Following dipthongs are also used: eɪ, aɪ, aʊ, əʊ,
ɪə, ɛə, ʊə, oʊ
Alphabet
| Letter | IPA Pronunciation |
American English Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| a | a | spa |
| b | b | baby |
| *c | *k | *can't |
| d | d | dog |
| ð | ð | then |
| e | e | bed |
| f | f | far |
| g | g | go |
| h | h | house |
| i | I | fit |
| j | j | yellow |
| k | k | can't |
| l | l | long |
| m | m | man |
| n | n | not |
| o | o | no |
| p | p | tip |
| r | ɾ | run |
| s | s | some |
| t | t | turtle |
| u | u | food |
| v | v | voice |
| w | w | we |
| y | a | fight |
| z | z | zoo |
- The letter c is has some variablitity in its pronouciation. ć is pronounced like ch in chess. 'č is pronounced like sh.
Phonotactics
This explains the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is a consonant cluster in English.
| Letter Cluster | IPA Pronounciation | American English |
|---|---|---|
| th | θ | throat |
| jg | ʒ |
joke |
| au | aʊ | drought |
Grammar
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
{C}
Word Order
Word order in Norsvik is very fluid, sentences can be rearranged by following rules of congugation. Generally Norsvik follows the Subject Verb Object word order, but can also follow Verb Second and Subject Object Verb word orders. In Norsvik common form, adjectives go before the noun, adverbs go after.
The sentence: "Ðos hav nein luftships" (They have no airplanes) can be reorganized to emphasis certain parts of the sentence and change the meaning slightly.
"Ðos hav nein luftships" Emphasising "They have no airplanes"
"Nein luftships hav'ent ðos'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: None airplanes have they)
"Luftships ðos hav nein'" Emphasising "They have no airplanes" (lit: Airplanes they have none)
Congugation
Congugation and the inflextion of verbs, adjectives and nouns in Norsvik is relatively rare. Evenso; the rules governing correct congugation and inflextion is relativly complex.
Pronouns
| First Person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ji(h) | Mei | Remei | Myne | 'je | Singular. |
| Nos | Nost | Renost | Nostr | 'ens | Plural. |
| Second person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vuz | Vust | Revusten | Vustr | 'ze | Singular or Plural. Very formal, usually used to adress elders. Also used as Generic. |
| Ðau | Ðu | Reðunne | Ðyne | 'st | Singular. Informal. |
| Vos | Vost | Revost | Vostr | 'ze | Plural. Replaced with Vuz in formal situations. |
| Third person Subject | Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hin | Hyme | Rehyme | Hyne | 'as | Singular. Masculine. |
| Ser | Syme | Resyme | Syne | 'as | Singular. Feminine |
| Hyre | Hyrme | Rehyrme | Hyrne | 'as | Singular. Generic |
| Ene | Eme | Re'eme | Enen | 'as | Singular. Generic 'it' |
| Ðos | Ðost | Reðoste | Ðostr | 'ent | Plural. |
| Ðose | Ðostte | Reðostte | Ðosttre | 'ent |
Plural. Mainly used as geminine or generic |
|
Generic Subject |
Object | Reflextive | Possesive Determiner | Suffix Used | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wye | Wyrme | Rewyrme | Wyne | 'as | Full generic. Unspecified number, gender etc.... |
Negation
There are two types of negatives in Norsvik. The 'nein' and the 'nei' classes. Nein is used to express 'nothing' and 'none'. Nei is used to express general all other cases. For example; "I have no cheese" would use nein for negation because 'no' in this sentence is used to express a lack of cheese: "Ji hav nein formajge". Another example would be:"There shall be no dancing" to "Hjer ve bes nein danceng"
Gender
There are 3 genders in Norsvik: Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Unlike most other languages that have the noun gender distinction, nouns are not predecided to be either masculine or feminine. All nouns are neuter, unless clearly a noun used to express a Male or Female thing. For example; the word hund (dog) can be either masculine, feminine or neuter, depending on the context it is used. If it is used to anote a male dog, it is masculine, a female dog, it is feminine, a unspecified gender or generic dog, it is neuter. By this rule, nouns like sward (sword) can only be of the neutral gender.
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, determiners all inflex according to the gender of itself, or the subject/object it is describing.
Nouns in Gender
Masculine and neuter nouns are not changed by its own gender. However, if the noun is feminine, a specific inflextion is applied. When writen the last consantant of the noun is repeated and is there is not already an 'e' ending that noun an 'e' is applied (eg, ;skiepe, skieppe; hund, hundde).
- When a noun ends with r, re, er, or (etc...) or n and has no vowel directly before, the 2nd last consantant is repeated in it's stead (eg. kindr, kinddre; presbytor, presbyttore)
Verb Tenses
| “I Eat” | ||
|---|---|---|
| present | Ji manjger | I eat |
| past | Ji manjger’t | I ate |
| future | Ji ve manjger | I will eat |
| present progressive | Jih‘es manjgereng | I am eating |
| past progressive | Ji wes manjgereng | I was eating |
| future progressive | Ji ve es’je manjgereng | I will be eating |
| present perfect | Ji hav manjgeren | I have eaten |
| past perfect | Ji hav’et manjgeren | I had eaten |
| future perfect | Ji ve hav‘je manjgeren | I will have eaten |
| passive present | Jih’es be’manjgeren | I am eaten |
| passive past | Ji wes be‘manjgeren | I was eaten |
| passive future | Ji ve es‘je be’manjgeren | I will be eaten |
| passive present progressive | Jih‘es beseng be‘manjgeren | I am being eaten |
| passive past progressive | Ji wes beseng be‘manjgeren | I was being eaten |
| passive future progressive | Ji ve es’je beseng be’manjgeren | I will be being eaten |
| passive present perfect | Ji hav besen be‘manjgeren | I have been eaten |
| passive past perfect | Ji hav‘et besen be’mangjeren | I had been eaten |
| passive future perfect | Ji ve hav‘je besen be’manjgeren | I will have been eaten |
| negative present | Ji manjger nei | I do not eat |
| negative past | Ji manjger’t nei | I did not eat |
| negative future | Ji ve nei manjger | I will not eat |
| negative present progressive | Jih‘es nei mangereng | I am not eating |
| negative past progressive | Ji wes nei mangereng | I was not eating |
| negative future progressive | Ji ve nei es’je manjgereng | I will not be eating |
| negative present perfect | Ji hav nei manjgeren | I have not eaten |
| negative past perfect | Ji hav’et nei manjgeren | I had not eaten |
| negative future perfect | Ji ve nei hav manjgeren | I will not have eaten |
| negative passive present | Jih‘es nei be’manjgeren | I am not eaten |
| negative passive past | Ji wes nei be‘manjgeren | I was not eaten |
| negative passive future | Ji ve nei es’je be‘manjgeren | I will not be eaten |
| negative passive present progressive | Ji es nei beseng be’manjgeren | I am not being eaten |
| negative passive past progressive | Ji wes nei beseng be‘manjgeren | I was not being eaten |
| negative passive future progressive | Ji ve nei es’je beseng be‘manjgeren | I will not be being eaten |
| negative passive present perfect | Ji hav nei besen be’manjgeren | I have not been eaten |
| negative passive past perfect | Ji hav‘et nei besen manjgeren | I had not been eaten |
| negative passive future perfect | Ji ve hav nei besen manjgeren | I will have not been eaten |
<---
Vocabulary
Example text
English original: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Nosvik translation (common form): Ðe snel brun fos spring ober ðe lauzik hund.
The Sheep and the Horses'
[On a hill,] a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses." The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool." Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.
Ðe Skiep ent ðes Hrosses
[Am ene klyneberg,] ene skiep whur havet nein wul sihtet ðes hross’s, ðosen wer ene whur wes ene stark wagon puleng, ene whur wes ene stark lydde hafeng, ent ene whur wes snel’ijg ene homme hafeng. Ðe skiep parlet a ðes hross’s: [Myne hjarte dote’je, sihteng ene homme whur es be’hafen par hross’s.] Ðes hross’s parle: [Coute, myne gud skiep, nos hjartes dote’ns am nost wenne nos siht ðis: ene homme, ðe mystre, whur maht’as ðes skiepen wul’s ena ene kloðe fur rehyme. Ent nue, ðe skiep hav nein wul. Haveng coutet ðats, volge’as ðe skiep ena ðe fjeld.
* * * * *
The King and the God
Once there was a king. He was childless. The king wanted a son. He asked his priest: "May a son be born to me!" The priest said to the king: "Pray to the god Werunos". The king approached the god Werunos to pray now to the god. "Hear me, father Werunos!" The god Werunos came down from heaven. "What do you want?" "I want a son." "Let this be so", said the bright god Werunos. The king's lady bore a son.
Ði Kjinn ent ðe Goð
En ene aulden tyde, ðere wes ene kjinn, whur havet nein kindrs. Ene sonn, ði kjinn will’t. Hin eisket hyne presbytor: [“Kann ene sonn bes be’fatren par mei?] Ðe prebytor parlet a ði kjinn:[Fraige a ðe goð whur es benomn Werunos!] Ði kjinn kommet a ðe goð whur es benomn Weunos a fraige nue a ðe goð. [Coute a mei, fatr Werunos!] Aus himmel kommet dunne ðe goð whur wes benomn Werunos. [Wats will’st ðau?][Ji will ene sonn.][Les ðis bes tru,] parlet ðe lihtik goð whur es benomn Werunos. Ða kjinnen dame/wif haffet ene sonn.
Literal Translation
In a time of old, there was a king who had non children. A son, the king wanted. He asked his presbyter: “Can a son ever be fathered by me?” The presbytor said to the king: “Pray to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos!” The king came to the god who is adorned with the name Werunos. “What want’st thou?”I want a son””Let that be true” Said the bright god who is adorned with the name Werunos. The king’s lady/wife carried a son.