Conlang
Don't have an account?
Register
Advertisement
Register
Conlang
Conlang Wiki
5,422
pages

Logglo

Sign in to edit

Introduction[]

Interglosse (formerly called Logglo) is a Neo-Latin conlang developed from 2016 to 2021 by Xavi Abadia (alias Xabadiar), who studied psychology at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.

It is mainly influenced by Peano’s Interlingua (1903) and Michaux's Interlingua (AKA Romanal (1912)), and specially by Hogben’s Interglossa (1943); also by Rosenberger’s Idiom Neutral (1902), Jespersen’s Novial (1928), and Brown's Loglan (1960).

The vocabulary is basically taken from Latin, not only Classical Latin, but also Vulgar Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin, Modern Latin, and Contemporary or ‘Wikipedia Latin’. While Interglossa’s lexicon was approximately half Greek and half Latin, the amount of Greek lexicon in Interglosse is lower. To name a few examples: glosse ‘language’, dáktile ‘finger’, psike ‘mind’, kardie ‘heart’, derme ‘skin’, hépate ‘liver’. I have added a provisional lexicon of about 3800 words.

After having tried several morphological arrangements, perhaps the present one is the optimal. If additional modifications are needed, I hope they will have to do with minor details.

Ending: Word class: Example:
a v. kanta (sing)
e n.

pron.

fine (end)

me (I, me)

i primary adv. hodi (today)
o adj.,

numbers,
quantifiers

líbero (free)

mono (one)
omno (all)

u prep.

conj.

konu (with)

sedu (but)

a-ya infinitive kanta-ya (to sing)
a-ye actions advenia-ye (arrival)
a-yi gerund kanta-yi (singing)
a-zo passive participle advenia-zo (arrived)
e-yo secondary adj. fine-yo (final)
i-yu secondary prep. supri-yu (above)
o-ye qualities libero-ye (freedom)
o-yi secondary adv. libero-yi (freely)
o-yo ordinals trio-yo (third)

Stress[]

Most words are stressed on the vowel (or diphthong) just before the last consonant: ama ‘love’, nunci ‘now’, mane ‘hand’, lento ‘slow’.

  • When there is no last consonant, the stress is simply on the first vowel: die ‘day’ (24 hours).
  • Only the last element of compound words keeps the stress: lekte-cámere ‘bedroom’, fine-yo ‘final’.
  • Words ending in u are a few grammatical particles.
  • Since many Latin words are proparoxytone (arboris, facilis, camera, corporis, etc.), the irregular stress may be indicated with a written sign: árbore ‘tree’, fácilo ‘easy’, cámere ‘room’, kórpore ‘body’.

Writing system and phonology[]

Interglosse uses the standard Roman alphabet of 26 letters. They sound like the corresponding symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet except the letters c /tʃ/, j /ʒ/, q /kw/, x /ʃ/, y /j/:

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.

Click here to see IPA's consonants chart.

Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Dental-
Alveolar 		Palatal-
Alveolar 		Velar Glottal
Nasal
m
n
Plosive
p, b
t, d
k, g
Fricative
f, v
s, z
x, j
h
Affricate
c
Approximant
l
Trill/Flap
r

Grammar[]

  • Nouns are generally taken from the Latin root as seen in the genitive: anne ‘year’, aqe ‘water’, aure ‘gold’, brace ‘arm’, die ‘day’, dome ‘house’, face ‘face’, familie ‘family’, filie ‘son or daughter’, fine ‘end’, fluve ‘river’, frukte ‘fruit’, hore ‘hour’, igne ‘fire’, eqe/kaballe ‘horse’, kapille ‘hair’, katte ‘cat’, klave ‘key’, lakte ‘milk’, lege ‘law’, leone ‘lion’, lupe ‘wolf’, mane ‘hand’, matre ‘mother’, mure ‘wall’, nase ‘nose’, ore ‘mouth’, ove ‘egg’, pace ‘peace’, pane ‘bread’, parte ‘part’, patre ‘father’, pekune ‘money’, pluvie ‘rain’, sexe ‘sex’, stelle ‘star’, urbe ‘city’, ve ‘way’, wire ‘man’; kasie ‘cheese’, koffe ‘coffee’, nukle ‘nucleous’, olie ‘oil’; aurikle ‘ear’, lingue ‘tongue’, mense ‘month’, ovikle ‘sheep’; etc.
  • A few nouns may keep the nominative form to get different from another one: muse ‘mouse’.
  • Rare exceptions: dee ‘god’, etc.
  • Pronouns end in e: me ‘I, me’, te ‘you’ (sg.), se ‘he/she’, mae-se ‘he,’ (from L mas, masculus), fe-se ‘she,’ (from L femina, feminea); re ‘it,’ (from L res), ide ‘it’ (a fact), nose ‘we, us’, vose ‘you’ (pl.), lore ‘they’ (so: mae-lore, fe-lore), home ‘one’ (F. on, Ca. hom); relative pronouns (unstressed): keu; interrogative pronouns: qo home (‘who?’), qo kose (‘what?’); qide (‘what (fact)?’); no home (‘noone, nobody’), no kose (‘nothing’); omno home (‘everyone, everybody’), omno kose (‘everything, all’).
  • The plural is indicated by some number or quantifier: plo kane (from L plures ‘several’) ‘some dogs, a number of dogs, a few dogs, several dogs’, cinqo kane ‘five dogs’, omno kane ‘all dogs’.
  • The indefinite article is mono ‘one, an, a’: mono dome ‘one house, a house’. Unlike in English, in Italian, Spanish, etc, the same word is used for both the numeral and the indefinite article.
  • The definite article is le ‘he/she/it; the (sing.)’ and ple ‘they; the (plus.)’: le dome ‘the house’, ple dome ‘the houses’. Since the main natural and artificial languages in the world (from English to Loglan) have an unstressed particle as the definite article, getting accustomed to Interglosse's article may seem a bit hard. It did work for a while with Vulgar Latin's article ille, illa, yet it eventually turned into the Romance unstressed article: I il, la, S el, la, F le, la, etc.)
  • A noun with no article denotes a general concept, usually expressed in plural in English: delfine nata ‘dolphins swim’, ave vola ‘birds fly’; le kane sa nigro ‘the dog is black’, multo kane sa nigro ‘many dogs are black’ (not dogs in general).
  • Verbs end in a, in the form of the 1st person of the present: vola ‘fly’, videa ‘see’, vada ‘go’, kapia ‘take’, dormia ‘sleep’, volea ‘want’ (from Vulgar Latin), possa ‘can, may’ (from L possum), sa ‘be’ (from L sum).
  • Primary adjectives end in o: bono ‘good’, malo ‘bad’.
  • Secondary adjectives end in -yo: ore-yo /ore'jo/ ‘oral’, anne-yo /anne'jo/ ‘yearly’.
  • Possessive adjectives end in -yo as well: me-yo ‘my’, te-yo ‘your’ (sg.), se-yo ‘his/her’, nose-yo ‘our’, vose-yo ‘your’ (pl.), lore-yo ‘their’; me-yo libre ‘my book’.
  • Primary adverbs end in i: hiki ‘here’, ibi ‘there’, intri ‘inside’, extri ‘outside’, supri ‘above’, infri ‘below’, nunci ‘now’, tunci ‘then’, sempri ‘always’, iti ‘so, like this’, ubiqi ‘everywhere’.
  • Adverbs from adjectives end in -yi: lento-yi ‘slowly’, fine-yi (instead of fine-yo-yi) ‘finally’.
  • Prepositions end in u: adu ‘to, towards’, antu ‘before’, du ‘of’, dumu ‘during’, exu ‘from’, interu ‘among, between’, inu ‘in, on, at’, juxtu ‘next to, beside’, kontru ‘against’, konu ‘with’, peru ‘by’, peu ‘by’ (passive agent), poru ‘for’ and pu ‘to’ (dative), postu ‘after’, sinu ‘without’, subtu ‘under’, supru ‘over’, transu ‘through’.
  • Conjunctions end in u as well: autu ‘or, either’, etu ‘and’, qandu ‘when’, qaru ‘because’, sedu ‘but’, siu ‘if’, ubu ‘where’, etc.

Beware: Many people are accustomed to the rule that grammatical particles are unstressed, even among the main conlangs, but Interglosse's grammatical particles are stressed. It is probably the most consistent option, since Interglosse has already a lot of unstressed stuff: the former component(s) of compound words. And the grammatical particles themselves may be used in compound words: supru-hómine /supru 'homine/ superman, supru hómine /'supru 'homine/ above men.

  • The numbers from 0 to 9: 0 zero, 1 mono, 2 duo, 3 trio, 4 qatro, 5 cinqo, 6 sexo, 7 septo, 8 okto, 9 novo.
  • Numbers will be written as digits inside formulae (H2O, CO2), inside proper nouns (R2P2, C3P2). Numbers in general may be written as digits.
  • From 10, numbers will be written as the international digits, and formed quite easily like in Interglossa; just remember that deko is a synonym to -zero, cento s a synonym to -zero-zero, and kilo s a synonym to -zero-zero-zero.
  • 10 [mono-deko (or: mono-zero)], 11 [mono-mono], 12 [mono-duo], 13 [mono-trio], 14 [mono-qatro], 15 [mono-cinqo], 16 [mono-sexo], 17 [mono-septo], 18 [mono-okto], 19 [mono-novo], 20 [duo-deko (or: duo-zero)], 21 [duo-mono], 22 [duo-duo], 23 [duo-trio], 24 [duo-qatro], 25 [duo-cinqo], 26 [duo-sexo], 27 [duo-septo], 28 [duo-okto], 29 [duo-novo], 30 [trio-deko (or: trio-zero)], 31 [trio-mono], 32 [trio-duo], 33 [trio-trio], 34 [trio-qatro], 35 [trio-cinqo], 36 [trio-sexo], 37 [trio-septo], 38 [trio-okto], 39 [trio-novo], 40 [qatro-deko (or: qatro-zero)], 41 [qatro-mono], 42 [qatro-duo], 43 [qatro-trio], 44 [qatro-qatro], 45 [qatro-cinqo], 46 [qatro-sexo], 47 [qatro-septo], 48 [qatro-okto], 49 [qatro-novo], 50 [cinqo-deko (or: cinqo-zero)], 51 [cinqo-mono], 52 [cinqo-duo], 53 [cinqo-trio], 54 [cinqo-qatro], 55 [cinqo-cinqo], 56 [cinqo-sexo], 57 [cinqo-septo], 58 [cinqo-okto], 59 [cinqo-novo], 60 [sexo-deko (or: sexo-zero)], 61 [sexo-mono], 62 [sexo-duo], 63 [sexo-trio], 64 [sexo-qatro], 65 [sexo-cinqo], 66 [sexo-sexo], 67 [sexo-septo], 68 [sexo-okto], 69 [sexo-novo], 70 [septo-deko (or: septo-zero)], 71 [septo-mono], 72 [septo-duo], 73 [septo-trio], 74 [septo-qatro], 75 [septo-cinqo], 76 [septo-sexo], 77 [septo-septo], 78 [septo-okto], 79 [septo-novo], 80 [okto-deko (or: okto-zero)], 81 [okto-mono], 82 [okto-duo], 83 [okto-trio], 84 [okto-qatro], 85 [okto-cinqo], 86 [okto-sexo], 87 [okto-septo], 88 [okto-okto], 89 [okto-novo], 90 [novo-deko (or: novo-zero)], 91 [novo-mono], 92 [novo-duo], 93 [novo-trio], 94 [novo-qatro], 95 [novo-cinqo], 96 [novo-sexo], 97 [novo-septo], 98 [novo-okto], 99 [novo-novo], 100 [mono-cento (or: mono-zero-zero)], 101 [mono-zero-mono], 102 [mono-zero-duo], 103 [mono-zero-trio], 104 [mono-zero-qatro], 105 [mono-zero-cinqo], 106 [mono-zero-sexo], 107 [mono-zero-septo], 108 [mono-zero-okto], 109 [mono-zero-novo], 110 [mono-mono-deko (or: mono-mono-zero)], 111 [mono-mono-mono], … 200 [duo-cento] (or: duo-zero-zero), … 300 [trio-cento (or: trio-zero-zero)], … 400 [qatro-cento (or: qatro-zero-zero)], … 500 [cinqo-cento (or: cinqo-zero-zero)], … 600 [sexo-cento (or: sexo-zero-zero)], … 700 [septo-cento (or: septo-zero-zero)], … 800 [okto-cento (or: okto-zero-zero)], … 900 [novo-cento (or: novo-zero-zero)], … 1000 [mono-kilo (or: mono-zero-zero-zero)], 1001 [mono-zero-zero-mono], 1002 [mono-zero-zero-duo], … 2000 [duo-kilo (or: duo-zero-zero-zero)], 2001 [duo-zero-zero-mono], 2002 [duo-zero-zero-duo], …
  • You may express a number with etu ‘and’ inside: trio-cento etu-sexo-cinqo (literally ‘300 and 65’) = trio-sexo-cinqo (365); mono-kilo etu-duo-cinqo-deko (literally ‘1000 and 250’) = mono-duo-cinqo-deko (1250); anne mono-novo-okto-qatro ‘year 1984’; anne duo-kilo etu-duo-deko ‘year 2020’.
  • Decimals are expressed with etu and dece-: 3.15159 [trio etu-dece-mono-cinqo-mono-cinqo-novo]. Examples: die habea 24 [duo-qatro] hore ‘Day has twenty four hours’; anne sólito habea 365 [trio-sexo-cinqo] die ‘Usual year has 365 days’.
  • The ordinal ends in -yo: decembre sa mense mono-duo-yo du anne ‘December is the twelfth month of year’.
  • The clock time may be expressed with the special preposition kronu (from Gr kronos): kronu septo (= kronu hore septo-yo) ‘at seven’, kronu septo trio-deko ‘at seven thirty’.
  • The days of the week: lun-die, marte-die, merkure-die, jove-die, venere-die, saturne-die, sol-die. Saturday and Sunday preserve the classic Latin astrological terms (as preserved today in English.)
  • Quantifiers end in o: pauko ‘few’, multo ‘many’, omno ‘all, every’, pluso ‘more’, mino ‘fewer’, etc.
  • Capital letters will appear basically in acronyms: DNA (= desoxiribo-nukle-yo ácide), pronounced /dənə'a/, perhaps with an hiatus. Unlike in English, the initial of proper nouns and the first letter of sentences are lowercase. Here is a spelling key:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
a, bə, tʃə, də, e, fə, gə, hə, i, ʒə, kə, lə, mə, nə, o, pə, kwə, rə, sə, tə, u, və, wə, ʃə, jə, zə.
  • Proper nouns, which are written in lowercase, are preceded by the special articles sel for people (se + le) and rel for things (re + le). Yet nouns ending in a consonant may go alone with no special article: (rel) sol ‘the Sun’, (rel) lun ‘the Moon’, rel terre ‘the Earth’, rel munde ‘the world’, rel marte ‘Mars’, rel universe ‘the Universe’, rel lakte-vie ‘the Milky Way’, (rel) italo-land ‘Italy’, (rel) franco-land ‘France’, (rel) ispano-land ‘Spain’; (sel) zamenhof, (sel) elon-musk; rel esperanto, rel interglossa, (rel) franco-gloss ‘French (language)’.
  • The negative is expressed with noni, from Latin non: me noni eda karne. ‘I don’t eat meat.’
  • In Interglosse the syntactical structure by default is SV (Subject-Verb), or SVO (Subject-Verb-Object): me biba vine ‘I drink wine’. The structure OVS may be expressed as a passive expression (explained later).
  • This conlang will avoid polysemy: every word will have one meaning: lingue ‘tongue’ (anatomy), glosse ‘language’; psike ‘mind’, mentone ‘chin’; mure ‘wall’, muse ‘mouse’; janue ‘door’, porte ‘port’.
  • Compound words: We have already seen lakte-vie (= vie lakte-yo); lekte-cámere /lekte'tʃamere/ ‘bedroom’, koqa-cámere /kokwa 'tʃamere/ ‘kitchen’, lit. ‘cook room’, pome-árbore /pome'arbore/ ‘apple-tree’, eleva-macine (= macine keu eleva) ‘elevator’. As mentioned, only the last element of compound words keeps the stress. The written hyphen inside compound words make the language more clear.
  • Primary adjectives take the form of the Latin root as seen in the genitive, and add a final o: bono ‘good’, malo ‘bad’, grando ‘big’, pejoro ‘worse’, minoro ‘minor’;
  • Secondary adjectives end in -yo: mane-yo ‘manual’, matre-yo ‘maternal’, fine-yo ‘final’.
  • Abstract qualities end in -ye: libero-ye, eqo-ye, fraterno-ye ‘‘liberté, egalité, fraternité’.
  • The comparative is formed with magi ‘more’ and mini ‘less’, as well as tami ‘as’ (from L tam), followed by qamu ‘than, as’.
  • The superlative is formed with maksi ‘most’ (from L maxime), and maksi-mini ‘least’.
  • Verbs end in a: vola ‘fly’, videa ‘see’, vada ‘go’, kapia ‘take’, dormia ‘sleep’, volea ‘want’, fia ‘become’.
  • Latin deponent verbs are taken as active verbs, according to Vulgar Latin: naska ‘be born’.
  • The infinitive ends in -ya: sa-ya autu noni sa-ya ‘to be or not to be’.
  • The dative is expressed with pu (‘for, to’, from L pro, VL por, F pour): pu me, pu te, pu se, pu nose, pu vose, pu lore.
  • Both the past and the perfect tense are expressed with the special particle pri (from L prius, L pridem) before the verb, similar to Interglossa’s pre: me pri dormia ‘I slept, I have slept’. Hobgen agreed with Peano that there is no need to complicate things with two different kinds of past (recent and remote). An eventual adverb may indicate how recent or remote the past is: hodi me pri biba multo cervisie, ‘today I've drunk a lot of beer.’
  • The pluperfect is expressed with pri pri, like in Interglossa: me pri pri dormia pauko hore ‘I had slept few hours’.
  • The future tense is expressed with the auxiliary vi, from L vado vadere (> French va ‘goes, gonna’). se vi venia ‘he/she will come’.
  • The future perfect is expressed with the double auxiliary vi pri: me vi pri venia ‘I will have come’.
  • Continuous tenses are expressed with the auxiliary verb sta (from L sto stare) plus the gerund, as seen among Romance languages: se sta lekta-yi ‘he/she is reading.’
  • The nouns of verbal actions end in -ye: nuntia-ye ‘announcement’, advenia-ye ‘arrival’, usa-ye ‘usage’.
  • Abstract qualities end in -ye: libero-ye, eqo-ye, fraterno-ye ‘liberté, egalité, fraternité’.
  • The passive participle ends in -zo: ama-zo ‘loved’, fakia-zo ‘done’, videa-zo ‘seen’.
  • The passive verb is expressed with za (a variation of sa) plus the passive participle: le libre za skriba-zo peu me ‘the book is written by me’.
  • The gerund ends in -yi: biba-yi ‘drinking’, kurra-yi ‘running’.
  • The conditional is expressed with possi: me possi venia ‘I would come’. In contrast, ‘can, may’ is possa, and ‘maybe’ is forsi.
  • Questions are expressed with qo ‘what, which’ and qi (for yes/no questions), from Latin quis quae quid: qi te fuma? ‘Do you smoke?’; si ‘yes’ (si is usual among Romance languages, from L sic ‘thus’); noni ‘no’; te pri fakia qo re? ‘what have you done?’ Remember to keep the SVO structure, as usual in French: ‘tu as fait quoi?’; qandi te vi venia? ‘when will you come?’; ubi te labora? (from L ubi) ‘where do you work?’
  • The imperative is expressed with ti, in contrast with te ‘you’ (sing.), both from Latin tu/te: ti kavea kane ‘CAVE CANEM’ .
  • The vocative is expressed with ti as well, as it is like a special imperative indeed (‘hear!’): ti mediko-pe, ti kura te ipso ‘MEDICE, CURA TE IPSUM’ .
  • The subjunctive is not so important in this conlang, but if necessary for literal translations, it may be expressed with the particle ju before the pronoun, from L subjunctivus, I congiuntivo: ju se venia VENIAT , ‘he/she come’.

Lexicon[]

I am still developing the lexicon, based on the vocabulary of Peano’s Interlingua (1915) and a few other sources:

Tanslations to Interglosse[]

Latin[]

Latin
  1. AMICITIA, QUAE DESINERE POTEST, VERA NUNQUAM FUIT .
  2. AUDENTES FORTUNA IUVAT .
  3. AUSCULTARE DISCE, SI NESCIS LOQUI .
  4. CAVE CANEM .
  5. DOCENDO DISCITUR .
  6. ERRARE HUMANUM EST .
  7. HABET PRAETERITI DOLORIS SECURA RECORDATIO DELECTATIONEM .
  8. HODIE MIHI, CRAS TIBI .
  9. IN NOMINE PATRIS ET FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI .
  10. INOPS, DUM VULT IMITARI POTENTEM, PERIT .
  11. LIBERTAS EST POTESTAS FACIENDI ID QUOD IURE LICET .
  12. LONGUM ITER PER PRAECEPTA, BREVE ET EFFICAX PER EXEMPLA .
  13. MEDICE, CURA TE IPSUM .
  14. MELIUS HOMINES EXEMPLIS DOCENTUR .
  15. MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO .
  16. MULTOS TIMERE DEBET, QUEM MULTI TIMENT .
  17. NON LATRAT FRUSTRA VETULUS CANIS ET SINE CAUSA .
  18. NULLA POENA SINE LEGE .
  19. QUI DARE VULT ALIIS, NON DEBET DICERE “VULTIS” ?
  20. QUI MULTUM HABET, PLUS CUPIT .
  21. NON QUI PARUM HABET, SED QUI PLUS CUPIT PAUPER EST .
  22. QUID FACIUNT LEGES, UBI SOLA PECUNIA REGNAT ?
  23. RESPONSIO MOLLIS FRANGIT IRAM .
  24. SALUS POPULI SUPREMA LEX ESTO .
  25. SENEX HOMO BONUM SIGNUM IN DOMO .
  26. SINE SOLE, SILEO .
  27. SOL OMNEBUS LUCET .
  28. SUM QUOD ERIS, FUI QUOD ES .
  29. TIMEO HOMINEM UNIUS LIBRI .
  30. QUISQUIS AMAT VALEAT ! P EREAT QUI NESCIT AMARE ! B IS TANTO PEREAT QUISQUIS AMARE VETAT !
Interglosse
  1. amiko-ye keu possa desina-ya, nunqi pri sa vero.
  2. fortune juva plo audea-pe.
  3. ti apprenda auskulta-ya, siu te noni noska loqa-ya.
  4. ti kavea kane.
  5. dokea-yi, za apprenda-zo.
  6. erra-ya sa homine-yo.
  7. rekorda-ye sekuro du dolea-ye pretérito habea delekta-ye.
  8. hodi pu me, krasi pu te.
  9. inu nómine du patre etu du filie etu du spírite sankto.
  10. qandu inopio-pe volea imita-ya poto-pe, se perea.
  11. libero-ye sa potestate du fakia-ya qidu lica peru jure.
  12. vie longo peru precepte, brevo etu effikaco peru exemple.
  13. ti mediko-pe, ti kura te ipso.
  14. home za dokea-zo melioro-yi peru exemple.
  15. psike sano inu kórpore sano.
  16. qisu za timea-zo peu multo home, debea timea-ya multo home.
  17. kane seno noni latra frustro-yi etu sinu kause.
  18. no poene sinu lege.
  19. qisu volea dona-ya pu altro-pe, noni debea dicar: qi te volea?
  20. qisu habea multo kose, kupia pluso.
  21. noni qisu habea pauko kose, sedu qisu kupia pluso, sa páupero.
  22. lege fakia qo kose, ubu soli pekunie rega?
  23. respondea-ye mollo franga ire.
  24. sano-ye du pópule ju sa lege máximo.
  25. hómine seno, signe bono inu dome.
  26. sinu sol, me silea.
  27. sol dona luce pu omno home.
  28. me sa qisu te vi sa; me pri sa qisu te sa.
  29. me timea hómine du mono libre.
  30. qisu ama, ju sa sano! qisu neskia ama-ya, ju peria! qisu veta ama-ya, ju moria duo vice!

Latin, Langue Isly, French[]

Latin
CANIS PER FLUVIUM CARNEM FERENS .

Amittit meritò proprium, qui alienum appetit. Canis, per flumen carnem dum ferret natans, lympharum in speculo vidit simulacrum suum, Aliamque prædam ab alio deferri putans, eripere voluit; Verùm decepta aviditas; et, quem tenebat ore, dimisit cibum, nec quem petebat potuit adeò attingere.

Langue Isly, AKA Linguum Islianum (1901)
Canus ferans carnum per fluvium.

Cujus appetat bonum alienum, amittat merito proprium bonum. Canus dum ferabat carnum, natans per fluminum, videavit suum simulacrum in speculo lymphorum, Putans altrum praedum ferari ab altro cano, volivit eripiare; Verum aviditatum suum decipiatum fuit. Dimittavit cibum cujum teneabat oro, et adeo non possavit attingare cujum petabat.

French
Chien traversant la rivière avec un morceau de viande.

Celui qui convoite le bien d’autrui perd justement son propre bien. Un chien portant de la viande, traversait á la nage un cours d’eau, Il vit son image dans le miroir de l’onde limpide; et se figurant que c’etait un autre chien qui portait une autre proie, il voulut la lui arracher; Mais son avidité fut déçue. Il lâcha le morceau qu’il tenait dans la gueule, et ne put en outre atteindre celui qu’il désirait.

Interglosse
kane porta-yi karne peru fluvie.

qisu kupia bone alieno, perda bone proprio konu mérite. mono kane, nata-yi inu fluvie, dumu qandu pri porta karne, pri videa se-yo imágine inu spékule du aqe; puta-yi ku altro prede za porta-zo peu altro kane, pri volea rapia-ya le prede; sedu se-yo avido-ye pri za decipia-zo. se pri dimitta cibe keu se pri tenea inu ore, etu noni pri possa attinga-ya re keu za kupia-zo peu se.

Latin, Interglossa[]

Latin
PATER NOSTER, QUI ES IN CAELIS, SANCTIFICETUR NOMEN TUUM . ADVENIAT REGNUM TUUM . FIAT VOLUNTAS TUA, SICUT IN CAELO, ET IN TERRA . PANEM NOSTRUM DA NOBIS HODIE, ET DIMITTE NOBIS DEBITA NOSTRA, SICUT ET NOS DIMITTIMUS DEBITORIBUS NOSTRIS . ET NE NOS INDUCAS IN TENTATIONEM, MA LIBERA NOS A MALO .
Interglossa (1943)
Na Parenta in Urani: Na dicte volo; tu Nomino gene revero; Plus tu Crati habe accido; plus u Demo acte harmono tu Tendo epi Geo homo in Urani. Na dicte petitio: tu date plu di Pani a Na; plus tu acte pardo plu malo Acte de Na; metro Na acte pardo Mu; Su acte malo de Na.

Peti tu non acte dirigo Na a plu malo Offero; Hetero, tu date libero Na apo Malo.

Interglosse
nose-yo patre, keu sa inu kaele, te-yo nómine ju fia sankto; te-yo rega-ye ju venia; te-yo volea-ye ju fia, utu inu kaele, eti inu terre; ti dona hodi pane pu nose, etu ti dimitta nose-yo débite, utu eti nose dimitta nose-yo plo debita-pe; etu ti noni duca nose inu tenta-ye malo, sedu ti líbera nose exu malo-ye.

Interglossa[]

Interglossa (1943)
Causo mi volo date prospecto u gene logo de interglossa pro tu; mi pre acte grapho u bibli; plus mi esthe espero; plu pe acte lecto re.
English
Because I want to show you the way to learn Interglossa, I have written this book, and I hope (that) some people will read it.
Interglosse
qaru me volea monstra-ya pu vose qomi apprenda-ya rel interglossa, me pri skriba isto libre, etu me spera ku home lekta re.

Toki Pona[]

Toki Pona
jan Mawijo


mama sama Mawijo li jo e tomo lili lon ma kasi. ona li wile alasa li kama jo e ilo alasa e len loje. tenpo suno nanpa wan la ona li lukin e waso laso taso. waso li moku e pipi lili.
tenpo suno nanpa tu la ona li kute e mu wawa. jan Mawijo li awen. ona li lukin e soweli suli. lawa soweli li jo e palisa. jan Mawijo li kepeken ilo alasa, taso linja li pakala. soweli suli li tawa weka.
jan Mawijo li jo e meli olin. nimi ona li Sili. jan Sili li lape lili lon supa. tenpo suno pini la jan Sili li pona e tomo, li telo e len. jan Mawijo li kama lon tenpo seme?
kalama a! tenpo ni la jan Mawijo li kama lon lupa, li jo e soweli lili tu. jan Sili li pilin pona, li uta e jan Mawijo. ona li seli e soweli e pan.
moku pona!

English
Mawijo


Uncle Mawijo has a small house in the forest. He wants to go hunting and gets a bow and orange vest. On the first day, he only sees a blue bird. The bird is eating little insects.
On the second day, he hears the loud call of an animal. Mawijo waits. The moose’s head has antlers. Mawijo uses the bow, but the string breaks. The moose runs away.
Mawijo has a beloved wife. Her name is Sili. Sili is napping on the sofa. Yesterday, Sili tidied up the house and washed the clothing. When is Mawijo arriving?
A noise. Now Mawijo arrives at the door, carrying two hares. Sili is happy and kisses Mawijo. She cooks the hares and some rice.
Bon appétit!

Interglosse
sel mawijo

avunkle sel mawijo habea mono dome parvo inu silve. se volea vada-ya pu vena-ya, etu se kapia arke etu veste rubro. inu die primo, se soli videa mono ave blavo. le ave sta eda-yi plo insekte parvo.
inu die sekundo, se audia klama-ye animalo. sel mawijo ekspekta. se videa mono animale grando keu sa alce. kápite du alce habea plo rame-korne. sel mawijo usa arke, sedu arke-nerve za franga-zo. alce kurra longi.
sel mawijo habea mono fémine ama-zo. se za nomina-zo sel sili. sel sili sta dormia-yi inu lekte. heri sel sili pri purga dome, etu se pri lava plo veste. sel mawijo venia qandi?
strépite. nunci sel mawijo venia adu janue, porta-yi duo lépore. sel sili sentia felico-ye, etu se basia sel mawijo. se koqa lépore etu orize.
eda-ye bono!

Peano's Interlingua[]

Peano's Interlingua, AKA Latino sine Flexione (1909)
Universo:

Sol fulge. Nocte seque die. Luna da luce in nocte. Hieme fer nive et gelu. Vere seque hieme. Vespere es post die et præ nocte. Aurora es post nocte et præ die. Vento fla. Nebula cela sol.

univers:

sol fulga. nokte seqa diurne. lun dona luce dumu nokte. hieme porta nive etu gele. vere seqa hieme. véspere sa postu diurne etu antu nokte. aurore sa postu nokte etu antu diurne. vente fla. nébule cela sol.

Animale:

Homo ra. Cane seque homo. Anate na. Pisce na in mari. Equo curre. Lupo rape. Urso es fero. Verme vive sub humo. Ovi ede herba, et da lana. Avi gene ovo, in nido. Mus, musca et vespa, noce. Angue serpe. Ansere, anate, cuculo, grue, turdo, merula, et sturno, es avi. Homo habe uno lingua et duo aure, uno naso et duo oculo, uno corde et duo genu. Bove habe duo cornu et quatuor pede. Bove i lento. Oculo vide, dente ede. Patre et matre gene fratre et sore. Vidua es sine vir. Nos ede pro vive, none vive pro ede.

plo animale:

hómine pensa. kane seqa hómine. ánate nata. piske nata intru mare. eqe kurra. lupe rapia. urse sa bestie. verme viva subtu terre. ovikle eda grámine, etu dona lane. ave gena ove, inu nide. muse, muske, etu vespe, nokea. angue serpa. ganse, ánate, kúkule, grue, turde, mérule, etu sturne, sa ave. hómine habea mono lingue etu duo aurikle, mono nase etu duo ókule, mono kardie etu duo genukle. bove habea duo korne etu qatro pede. bove vada lento-yi. ókule videa, dente eda. patre etu matre prokrea fratre etu sorore. fémine viduo sta sinu wire. nose eda pu viva-ya, noni viva pu eda-ya.

Studio:

Me scribe. Nunc me lege libro, que te jam scribe. Nos i ad schola, pro stude philosophia et physica. Heri magistro, in lectione, doce ad nos libro novo, ab que nos vol disce literatura. Me preca que Vos expedi ad bibliotheca de ce universitate, catalogo de libros, super mathematica, que vos vende, cum pretio.

studea-ye:

me skriba. nunci me lekta libre keu te pri skriba. nose vada adu skole, pu studea-ya filosofie etu físike. heri magistre, dumu lektione, pri dokea pu nose libre neo, du keu nose vi apprenda literature. me preka ju te expedia, pu biblioteke du isto universitate, katáloge du plo libre, du matemátike, keu te venda, konu pretie.

Michaux's Interlingua[]

Michaux's Interlingua, AKA Romanal (1912)
Academia [de Interlingua] adopta in nomes ablative, in verbes infinitive, pro base del lingue.

Id es el melior remedie pro conservan aspecte de latine et evitan barbarismes. Tali lingue es tam pulchri quam natural lingues ma minus facili quam artificial lingue, com Esperanto. Pro scriban recte in latino sine flexione es necessi noscan diversi declinationes et conjugationes latini, et ist lingue non permissa ad lectores non latini distinguan nec natural generes, nec partes de grammatice; ex. a = substantive adjective adverbe, dum manca verbal tempes qui es usati in omne lingues vivanti. 

[…]

Me habea honore de proposan ad Academia:

  1. Declinationes de res inanimati es reducti ad 1 fine e: rose, popule, temple, die.
  2. Conjugationes de verbes latini es reducti ad 1 conjugatione per mutatione de indicative o i a: voca, jacea, jacia, nosca.
  3. Indicative a forma altri tempes per additione de suffixes com ba, ra, nt, t, an: vocat, jaceat, jaciat, nascat.
  4. On electa supine in loce de indicative quando supine es plus international: cognita, genita, electa.
Interglosse
le akademie [du rel interlingua (1912)] adopta ablative pu nómine, infinitive pu verbe, pu base du le glosse.

ide sa remedie óptimo pu konserva-ya aspekte du latio-gloss, etu pu evita-ya plo vokábule bárbaro. talo glosse sa tami pulkro qamu plo glosse nature-yo, sedu mini fácilo qamu plo glosse artifikie-yo, exempli rel esperanto. pu skriba-ya rekto-yi inu rel latino-sine-flexione, sa necesso noska-ya plo deklina-ye etu plo konjuga-ye latino, etu isto glosse noni permitta, pu plo lekta-pe noni latino, distingua-ya plo génere nature-yo, neku plo parte grammario; exempli, líttere “a” eqivalea substantive, adjektive, adverbie, dumu re noni habea plo témpore verbe-yo necesso keu za usa-zo inu omno glosse vivo. […] me habea honore du propona-ya pu le akademie:

  1. plo deklina-ye du plo kose inanimato za reduka-zo adu le fine “e” […]
  2. plo konjuga-ye du plo verbe latino za reduka-zo adu mono konjuga-ye peru kambia-ya “o” du indikative adu líttere “a” […]
  3. líttere “a” du indikative forma plo témpore altro peru adda-ya plo suffixe […]
  4. eliga supine, vicu indikative, siu supine sa magi internatione-yo […]

Pinth's Interlingua, Gode's Interlingua[]

Pinth's Interlingua, AKA Semilatino (1912)
Multe latinistas deplora, quod in Interlingua discordia existe saepe inter gener de substantivo et de adjectivo; exemplo « nostro lingua ». Per sequente regulas iste discordia evanesce.
  1. In adjectivos de declination secunde latin, finales -o et -a de ablativo fi mutate ad il finale neutrale -e, que es litera final de vocativo latin. [...]
  2. Adjectivos de tertie declination recipi semper il final -e de ablativo.
  3. Ut numero de finales e non fia nimis grande, uno pote omitter iste final in substantivos et adjectivos, si, post omission, vocabulos fini per un de liquide consonantes l, m, n aut r, et tunc habe un vocal tanquam litera penultime.
Gode's Interlingua (1951)
Multe latinistas deplora, que in Interlingua [1912] discordia existe frequentemente inter genere de substantivo e de adjectivo; p. ex. « nostro lingua ». Per le sequente regulas iste discordia evanesce.
  1. In adjectivos del declination secunde latin, le finales -o e -a de ablativo es mutate al final neutral -e, que es le litera final del vocativo latin. [...]
  2. Adjectivos del tertie declination recipi semper le final -e de ablativo.
  3. A fin que le numero de finales e non deveni nimis grande, uno pote omitter iste final in substantivos e adjectivos, si, post omission, vocabulos fini per un del liquide consonantes l, m, n o r, e tunc habe un vocal como litera penultime.
Interglosse
multo latinisto-pe deplora ku inu rel interlingua (1912) diskorda-ye exista saepi interu génere du substantive etu adjektive;

exempli, duo vokábule « nostro lingua ». peru seqento plo norme, diskorda-ye vaneska.

  1. inu plo adjektive du deklina-ye latino duo-yo, fine “-o” etu “-a” du ablative za kambia-zo adu fine neutro “-e”, keu sa líttere fine-yo du vokative latino. [...]
  2. plo adjektive du deklina-ye trio-yo recipia sempri fine “-e” du ablative.
  3. pu ku númere du fine “e” noni fia nimii grando, possa omitta-ya isto fine inu plo substantive etu plo adjektive, siu, postu omitta-ya, plo vokábule finia peru konsonante líqido, “l, m, n” o “r”, etu tunci habea vokale utu líttere penúltimo.

Universal Glot[]

Universal Glot (1868)
Men senior,

I sende evos un gramatik e un verb-bibel de un nuov glot nomed universal glot. In futur i skriptrai evos semper in dit glot. I pregate evos responden ad me in dit self glot. I salve evos kordlit.

Intergloss
me-yo seniore,

me mitta adu te grammarie etu léxike du neo glosse universal-glot. inu futuro témpore, me vi skriba pu te sempri inu isto glosse. me preka ju te responda pu me inu ipso glosse. me saluta te kardie-yi.

Idiom Neutral[]

Idiom Neutral (1903)
Skribasion in idiom neutral don profiti sekuant in komparasion ko kelkun lingu nasional:
  1. Libri e broshuri sientifik publiked in ist idiom potes esar lekted per omnehom in original,
  2. traduksion no plu es nesesar,
  3. ili avero sirkl multe plu grand de lektatori, e tekause
  4. ili potes esar imprimed in kuantitet plu grand de eksemplari; ergo
  5. ili potes esar vended a pris plu minim, e
  6. profit material de editor (respektive de autor) esero plu grand.

Idiom neutral es usabl no sole pro skribasion, ma et pro parlasion;
sikause in kongres sekuant internasional de medisinisti mi av intension usar ist idiom pro mie raport di maladitet “lupus” e mi esper esar komprended per omne medisinisti present.
Publikasion de idiom neutral interesero et votr filio, kel kolekt postmarki, kause ist idiom es lingu praktikal pro korespondad ko kolektatori in otr landi.
Ko respekt grand e ko saluti kordial mi rest
Votr serv leplu devot
F.

Interglosse
skriba-ye inu idiom-neutral dona profikia-ye seqento, kompara-zo konu plo glosse natione-yo:
  1. plo libre etu plo opúskule skientie-yo edita-zo konu isto glosse, possa za-ya lekta-zo peu omno home qamu origine-yo,
  2. traduca-ye jami noni sa necesso,
  3. re-lore vi habea církule multi majoro du plo lektore, etu proptu ide,
  4. re-lore possa za-ya imprima-zo inu qanto-ye majoro du plo kopie; ergi,
  5. re-lore possa za-ya venda-zo konu pretie minoro, etu
  6. profikia-ye du materie du plo edita-pe (respektivo-yi du auktore) vi sa majoro.

idiom-neutral possa za-ya usa-zo noni soli pu skriba-ya, sedu etu pu loqa-ya;
proptu ide, inu kongresse seqento internatione-yo du plo mediko-pe, me habea skope du usa-ya isto glosse pu me-yo reporta-ye du lupe-morbe, etu me spera za-ya intelliga-zo peu omno medika-pe presento.
publika-ye du idiom-neutral vi interessa eti te-yo filie, keu kolliga plo poste-pittakie , namu isto glosse sa práktiko pu korrespondente poste-yo konu plo kolligo-pe inu plo terre altro.
konu respekta-ye grando etu konu plo saluta-ye kardie-yo, me resta
te-yo servitore máximi devoto
F.

Esperanto, Reformed Esperanto[]

Esperanto (1887)
Ĉi tiu retpaĝo estas kreita precipe por esperantologoj kaj ĉiuj tiuj, kiuj interesiĝas pri la reformo de Esperanto farita de “Ludoviko Zamenhof” kaj publikigita de li en sinsekvaj numeroj de “La Esperantisto” en la jaro 1894. Nomata de li mem "Dialekto", fine ĝi ne estis aprobita kiel la oficiala formo de la lingvo. “Ludoviko Zamenhof” faris ĝin influite de reformemaj esperantistoj, sed ĉar rezulte de la voĉdonado la plejmulto da legantoj de “La Esperantisto” estis kontraŭ la reformo, “Zamenhof” rezignis pri tiu projekto kaj poste ne volis reveni al ĝi timante lingvan nestabilecon. Nun en la 21-a jarcento Esperanto estas stabila kaj la antaŭa timemo ne plu estas grava. La celo de ĉi tiu retejo estas havigi al la interesemuloj la fonton de informoj kaj demonstri, kiel la dialekto proponita de “Ludoviko Zamenhof” en la jaro 1894 funkcias.
Dialekto (1894), AKA Reformed Esperanto
Hik retpagino esten kreate precipe por esperantologi e omnui is, kvu interesisken de reformo de Esperanto farate de Ludoviko Samenhof e publikigate de lu in susekve numeri de “La Esperantisto” in anuo 1894. Nomate de lu ipsu "Dialekto", fine lu ne estin aprobate kom oficiale formo de lingvo. Ludoviko Samenhof farin lu influate de reformeme esperantisti, sed nam resulte de vocodaro maksumulto de lektenti de “La Esperantisto” estin kontru reformo, Samenhof resignin de is projekto e postue ne vulin revena al lu timente lingve nestabilito. Nunk in 21-e anucento Esperanto esten stabile e antue timemo ne plu esten grave. Skopo de hik retejo esten haviga al interesemuli fonto de informi e demonstra, kom dialekto proponate de L. Samenhof in anuo 1894 funkzien.
Interglosse
Isto internet-págine pri za krea-zo precipio-yi pu plo studea-pe du rel esperanto, etu pu omno home keu studea reforma-ye du rel esperanto fakia-zo peu sel ludovik-zamenhof, etu publika-zo peu lore inu plo númere kontinuo du reviste rel esperantisto annu 1894 [mono-okto-novo-qatro, or: mono-okto-cento etu novo-qatro].

nomina-zo, peu lore ipso, rel dialekto, fine-yi re noni pri za approba-zo utu forme públiko du glosse. sel ludovik-zamenhof pri fakia re influa-zo peu plo esperanto-pe reformisto; sedu, resulta-zo peru suffragoe , plúrimo lekta-pe du rel esperantisto pri sa kontru le reforma-ye. proptu ide, sel zamenhof pri abdika, etu posti, lore noni pri volea revenia-ya adu re, timea-yi inestablo-ye glosse-yo. nunci, inu sékule 21-yo [duo-mono-yo], rel esperanto sa stablo, etu jami timea-ye noni sa gravo. skope du isto internet-site sa dona-ya, pu ple interessa-zo, fonte du plo date, etu monstra-ya qomi le dialekte propona-zo peu sel zamenhof annu 1894 funktiona.

Loglan[]

Loglan (1960) English Interglosse
"Verb" forms: plo forme verbe-yo:
  1. DA DONSU
  2. DA DONSU DE
  3. DA DONSU DE DI
  4. DA NU DONSU
  5. DA NIU DONSU
  6. DA NA DONSU
  7. DA PA DONSU
  8. DA FA DONSU
  9. DA PAPA DONSU
  10. DA PANA DONSU
  11. DA PAFA DONSU
  12. DA NAGA DONSU
  13. DA PAGANA DONSU
He gives

He gives it
He gives it to him
It is a gift
He is a recipient
He now gives
He gave
He will give
He had given
He has given
He will have given
He is now giving
He has been giving

se dona

se dona re
se dona re pu se
re sa done
pu se, za dona-zo
se nunci dona
se pri dona
se vi dona
se pri pri dona
se pri dona
se vi pri dona
se sta dona-yi
se pri sta dona-yi

"Adverb" forms: plo forme adverbie-yo :
  1. DA RANA DONSU
  2. DA RENA DONSU
  3. DA RINA DONSU
  4. DA PACI DONSU
  5. DA PACA DONSU
  6. DA FACI DONSU
  7. DA VI DONSU
  8. DA VA DONSU
  9. DA VU DONSU
  10. DA RAVI DONSU
  11. DA PACAGAVI FACI DONSU
He always gives

He usually gives
He often gives
He recently gave
He gave long ago
He will soon give
He gives here
He gives there
He gives far away
He gives everywhere
Soon he will have been giving here for a long time

se sempri dona

se usitati dona
se saepi dona
se recenti pri dona
se longi pri dona
se moxi vi dona
se dona hiki
se dona ibi
se dona prókuli
se dona ubiqi
se vi pri dona hiki longi

"Negatives": plo nega-ye:
  1. DA NO
  2. DONSU
  3. NO DA DONSU
  4. NI DA DONSU
He is a non-giver

He does not give
None of them gives

se sa noni dona-pe

se noni dona
no home du lore dona

"Noun" forms: plo forme nomine-yo :
  1. LE MRENI
  2. LI MRENI
  3. LA MRENI
  4. RA MRENI
  5. RE MRENI
  6. RI MRENI
  7. NI MRENI
  8. NE MRENI
  9. TO MRENI
  10. LE TE MRENI
  11. RA LE TE MRENI
The man

This man
That man
All men
Most men
Many men
No men
A man, one man
Two men
The three men
All of the three men

le wire

isto wire
illo wire
omno wire
plúrimo wire
multo wire
no wire
mono wire
duo wire
trio wire
omno trio wire

Abstract "nouns": plo nómine abstrakto:
  1. LE PO DONSU
  2. LE PO PRANO
  3. LE PU DONSU
  4. LE PU MRENI
The giving

The run
The generosity
The manliness

dona-ye

kurra-ye
generoso-ye
virilo-ye

"Adjective" forms: plo forme adjektivo :
  1. NE LALDO MRENI
  2. NE DONSU MRENI
  3. NE LALDO DONSU MRENI
  4. NE DONSU LALDO MRENI
  5. NE MRENI KE LALDO
  6. NE MRENI KE DONSU
  7. NE MRENI KE DONSU E LALDO
  8. NE MRENI KE DONSU DE
  9. NE MRENI KE DONSU DE DI
  10. LE LALDO MRENI KE PA DONSU TE DA LI SE PRANO
  1. An old man
  2. A generous man
  3. A "traditionally" generous man
  4. A "generously" old man
  5. A man who is old
  6. A man who is generous
  7. A man who is generous and old
  8. A man who gives it
  9. A man who gives it to him
  10. The old man who gave three of them to these seven runners
  1. mono wire seno
  2. mono wire generoso
  3. mono wire generoso prisko-yi
  4. mono wire seno generoso-yi
  5. mono wire keu sa seno
  6. mono wire keu sa generoso
  7. mono wire keu sa generoso etu seno
  8. mono wire keu dona re
  9. mono wire keu dona re pu se
  10. le wire seno keu pri dona trio du re pu isto septo kurra-pe
Identities: plo idento-ye:
  1. DA BI LA DJAN
  2. DA BI LE MRENI
  3. DA BI LE LALDO MRENI KE PA DONSU TE DE LI SE PRANO
  1. He is John
  2. He is the man
  3. He is the old man who gave three of them to these seven runners
  1. se sa sel john
  2. se sa le wire
  3. se sa le wire seno keu pri dona trio du re pu isto septo kurra-pe
Compound forms: plo forme kompona-zo:
  1. DA PRANO O DZORU
  2. DA PRANO E DZORU
  3. DA O DE PRANO
  4. DA E DE PRANO
  5. DA PRANO O DE DZORU
  6. DA PRANO I DE DZORU
  7. DA PRANO U DE DZORU
  8. DA PRANO A DE DZORU
  9. BO DE DZORU KI DA PRANO
  10. DA PRANO NA DE DZORU
  11. DA PRANO PA DE DZORU
  12. DA PRANO VI DE DZORU
  13. NA DE DZORU KI DA PRANO
  1. He runs or walk
  2. He runs and walk
  3. He1 or he2 runs
  4. He1 and he2 runs
  5. He1 runs or he2 walks
  6. He1 runs and he2 walks
  7. If he1 runs then he2 walks
  8. He1 runs if and only if he2 walks
  9. Because he2 walks, he1 runs
  10. He1 runs when he2 walks
  11. He1 runs after he2 walks
  12. If he1 runs where he2 walks
  13. When he2 walks, he1 runs
  1. se kurra autu ámbula
  2. se kurra etu ámbula
  3. se autu se kurra
  4. se etu se kurra
  5. se kurra autu se ámbula
  6. se kurra; se ámbula
  7. se kurra soli siu se ámbula
  8. se kurra qaru se ámbula
  9. qaru se ámbula, se kurra
  10. se kurra qandu se ámbula
  11. se kurra postu qandu se ámbula
  12. se kurra ubu se ámbula
  13. qandu se ámbula, se kurra
Universals: universe-yo:
  1. RADAKU DA PRANO U DZORU
  2. RANAKU DA PRANO NA DE DZORU
  3. RAVIKU DA PRANO VI DE DZORU
  4. RADARODEKU DA DONSU U DA DONSU DE
  1. Anyone who runs can walk
  2. He1 runs whenever he2 walks
  3. He1 runs wherever he2 walks
  4. Everyone who gives gives something
  1. ullo home keu kurra, ergi ámbula
  2. se kurra sempri qandu se ámbula
  3. ubiqi ubu se kurra, se ámbula
  4. omno home keu dona, ergi dona alqo kose
Attitudinal forms: plo forme aktitudine-yo:
  1. UA DA PRANO
  2. UE DA PRANO
  3. UI DA PRANO
  4. EI DA PRANO
  5. EA DA PRANO
  6. DA PRANO EA DE
  7. IA DA PRANO
  8. IE DA PRANO
  9. II PRANO EA DE
  10. IA NO PRANO EA DE
  11. AI MI FA PRANO
  12. AE MI FA PRANO
  13. AO MI FA PRANO
  14. AI NO MI FA PRANO
  15. OA MI FA PRANO
  1. What! He runs? [anger]
    (lit. ‘I'm angry that he runs!)
  2. Well! So he runs? [surprise]
    (lit. ‘I'm surprised that he runs!)
  3. How nice that he runs? [pleasure]
    (lit. ‘I'm pleased that he runs!)
  4. Does he run?
  5. Who runs?
  6. Where does he run?
  7. Yes; he runs
  8. He probably runs
  9. Perhaps he runs
  10. No; he doesn't run
  11. Yes; I will run
  12. I want to run
  13. I hope to run
  14. No; I won't run
  15. I must run
  1. me irasca ku se kurra!
  2. me mira ku se kurra!
  3. placa me ku se kurra!
  4. qi se kurra?
  5. qo home kurra?
  6. ubi se kurra?
  7. si, se kurra
  8. probablo-yi se kurra
  9. forsi se kurra
  10. noni; se noni kurra
  11. si, me vi kurra
  12. probablo-yi me vi kurra / me volea kurra-ya
  13. forsi me vi kurra / me spera kurra-ya
  14. noni; me noni vi kurra
  15. me debea kurra-ya

Glosa[]

Glosa (1978)
Patri e an plu An-fili, e u rami-fa:

U patri pa habe plu an-fili, qi holo-tem pa du-disputa kon alelo. Kron an pa fali repara mu disputa per an plu monito, an pa decide monstra a mu u kako de separa. Ka-co, uno di an pa demanda; mu fero ad an u rami-fa. Kron mu pa akti so, an seqe-mode pa sti loka rami-fa ad-in mu plu manu e pa komanda; mu fo-rupti u rami-fa. Mu pa tenta rupti id per holo-forti, sed mu ne pa pote. U patri kron pa aperi u rami-fa, pa prende panto rami ex id e pa dona mo rami a singu an-fili. Mu u-la kron facile pa rupti plu rami. Po-co, u patri pa dice; “mi plu an-fili, si panto-vi habe mo menta e sti unio te auxi alelo, vi fu es iso rami-fa e ne gene noku ex anti-pe. Anti-co, si panto-vi es ge-lisi, vi fu es iso facili ge-rupti de plu-ci rama.”
[The bundle of sticks Aesop's Fables]

Interglosse
le patre etu se-yo plo mae-filie, etu le rame-faske:

mono patre pri habea plo mae-filie, keu pri pugna sempri kontru altre. qandu le patre pri defikia impedia-ya lore-yo pugna-ye peru monea-ye, tunci se pri konstitua monstra-ya pu lore malo-ye du separa-ye. proptu ide, mono die, se pri peta ju lore affera rame-faske adu se. qandu lore pri aga siki, se posti pri pona le faske inu lore-yo plo mane, etu pri peta ju lore rumpa re. lore pri tenta rumpa-ya le faske peru forto-ye, sedu noni pri possa. posti, le patre pri ápera re, pri prenda omno rame du re, etu pri dona mono rame pu singlo filie. lore tunci pri rumpa facilo-yi lore rame. posti, le patre pri dica: ti me-yo plo filie! siu omno vose habea psike úniko, etu za junga-zo pu juva-ya vose, vose vi sa qamu rame-faske, etu vose noni vi za nokea-zo peu hoste. kontru ide, siu omno vose sa separo, vose vi za rumpa-zo tami facilo-yi qamu isto rame.

Novial[]

Novial
Li Prefase a Novial Lexike:

Dis libre prisenta li maxim nesesari vokablaro del international lingue Novial […]. Men libre "An International Language" […] kontena

  1. introduktione pri li urjanti besono por tali lingue,
  2. historie del movemente kun kritiko del antei propositiones de artifisial lingues,
  3. detalosi gramatike, in kel chaki chapitre dona li resones kel ha dukte a justim ti e nul altri forme,
  4. siential prinsipes de vordeselekto e
  5. pluri spesimenes tu montra li uso del lingue por diferanti emes e in diferanti stiles.

[…] On povud, e poves devud, skripte omnum per minuskules in international lingue, pro ke li regles pri majuskules es plu o min arbitrari in omne lingues; ma provisorim me non ha osa proposi ti reforme.

Interglosse
prefatione pu libre rel novial-lexike:

isto libre presenta léxike máximi necesso du internatione-yo glosse novial […]. me-yo libre rel "an-international-language" […] kontenea:

  1. introduca-ye cirku necesso-ye urgento pu talo glosse,
  2. historie du movimente konu kritika-ye du plo proponea-ye previo du plo glosse artifikio,
  3. grammarie detalie-yo, keu inu singlo kapítule dona plo ratione keu pri duca pu justo-yi illo etu noni altro forme,
  4. plo principie skientie-yo du seliga-ye du plo vokábule, etu
  5. multo specímine pu monstra-ya usa-ye du le glosse pu plo skope differento etu inu plo mode differento.

[…] home possa, etu forsi debea, skriba-ya omno kose peru minúskule inu glosse internatione-yo, qaru plo norme pu majúskule sa magi autu mini arbitrario inu omno glosse; sedu tempore-yi me noni audea propona-ya isto reforma-ye.

Uropi[]

Uropi
De miki prins id de vols (from Le petit Prince et le Renard):

Davos asemì de vols.
— Bun dia, dezì de vols.
— Bun dia, korticim ruvokì de Miki Prins we voltì sia, ba vizì nit.
— I se za, de voc dezì, ude d'aplar …
— Ke s'tu? de Miki Prins dezì. tu se ʒe lovi …
— I s'u vols, dezì de vols.
— Ven jego ki ma, de Miki Prins probasì ho. I se sa trist …
— I moz ne jego ki ta, de vols dezì. I s'ne domizen.
— Ah! Perdàv ma, dezì de Miki Prins. Ba, posmenan, he ajutì:
— Ka sin «domizo»?
— tu s'ne od zi, de vols dezì, ka s'tu cekan?
— I cek humane, dezì de Miki Prins. Ka sin «domizo»?
— Humane av rifle id lu cag. Je s'mol truban! Id os lu ingrès galas. Di s' li uni interès. Cek tu galas?
— Ne, de Miki Prins dezì. I cek frame. Ka sin ʒe «domizo»?
— Je s'ekwa we s' tio oblasen, de vols dezì. Je sin «kreato vige …»
— Kreato vige?
— Aj, de vols dezì. Po ma tu se jok solem u bobit somi a sunte tilie bobite. I nud ne ta. Id tu nud os ne ma. Po ta i se solem u vols, somi a sunte tilie folse. Ba, is tu domiz ma, nu ve nudo unaltem. tu v' so po ma uni in mold. I v' so po ta uni in mold …
— I s' inizan incepo, de Miki Prins dezì. Je ste u flor … I kre te ce av ma domizen …
— Je s' mozli, de vols dezì. Su Ter, un viz tale sorte zocis …
— Oh! Je s'ne su Ter, de Miki Prins dezì. De vols semì mol agurnoven:
— Su un alten planet?
— Aj.
— Ste je cagore su da planet?
— Ne.
— Di s'interesan! Id galas?
— Ne.
— Nit se perfeti, sofì de vols. Ba de fols ruvenì a hi idea:
— Mi ʒiv s' unituni. I cag galas, humane cag ma. Tale galas somiv a unaltem, id tale humane somiv a unaltem. I se ʒe tiedan u poj. Ba is tu domiz ma, mi ʒiv ve vido polen ki sol. I ve kono u roit stapis we ve so disemi a tale altene. De alten stape det ma celo ude bod. Tìa ve calo ma us mi tania, wim u muzik. Id os, glad!
Viz tu zadàl de polde gorni? I jed ne pan. Po ma, gorn se anuzi. Polde gorni rumèn mo nit. Id di se trist! Ba tu av goriklori kevile. Sim, wan tu v'avo ma domizen, je v'so mirvizi. Goric gorn ve so u rumèn ov ta. Id i ve liamo de roit vinti in gorne …
De vols silì id spekì longim de Miki Prins:
— Prijim …domiz ma! he dezì.

Interglosse
le mikro-príncipe etu le vulpe:

tunci mono vulpe pri apparea.
“bono diurne,” le vulpe pri dica.
“bono diurne,” le mikro-príncipe pri respondea gentilo-yi, etu pri verta le ipso, sedu pri videa no kose.
“me sa hiki,” mono voce pri dica, subtu pome-árbore.
“qo home sa te?” le mikro-príncipe pri dica; “te sa venusto.”
“me sa vulpe,” le vulpe pri dica.
“ti venia pu luda-ya konu me,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica; “me sta tristo.”
“me noni possa luda-ya konu te,” le vulpe pri dica; “me noni sa manso.”
“o! ti kondona me,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica.
sedu, pensa-yi posti, se pri dica:
“manso-ye signifika qo re?”
“te noni sa du hiki,” le vulpe pri dica; “te cerka qo re?”
“me cerka plo hómine,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica; “manso-ye signifika qo re?”
“plo hómine habea plo focile, etu lore vena; ide perturba valdi; etu lore pasca plo galline; ide sa jukundo-ye úniko du lore; qi te cerka plo galline?”
“noni,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica; “me cerka plo amice; manso-ye signifika qo re?”
“ide sa alqo kose keu sa nimii obliva-zo,” le vulpe pri dica; “ide signifika krea-ya plo vínkule.”
“qi krea-ya plo vínkule?”
“si,” le vulpe pri dica; “pu me, te sa nunci soli mono puere, símilo qamu cento-kilo puere; me noni ega te; etu te noni ega me; pu te, me sa soli mono vulpe, símilo qamu cento-kilo vulpe; sedu, siu te manso-fakia me, te etu me vi ega nose; te vi sa pu me úniko inu rel munde; me vi sa pu te úniko inu rel munde …”
“me incipia intelliga-ya,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica; “ibi sa plo flore … me kreda ku se pri manso-fakia me …”
“ide sa possiblo,” le vulpe pri dica; “inu rel terre, za videa-zo omno génere du kose …”
“o!, se noni sa inu rel terre,” le mikro-príncipe pri dica.
le vulpe pri símila valdi kurioso:
“qi inu altro planete?”
“si.”
”qi illo planete habea plo vena-pe?”
“noni.”
“ide sa jukundo!; qi etu plo galline?”
“noni.”
“no kose sa perfekto,” le vulpe pri suspira.
sedu le vulpe pri revenia adu idée suo:
“me-yo vite sa monótono.”
“me vena plo galline; plo hómine vena me; omno galline sa símilo, etu omno hómine sa símilo.”
“o!, me tedea; sedu siu te manso-fakia me, me-yo vite vi fia pleno du sol; me vi nosca sone du gradia-ye keu vi differa exu omno altro; plo gradia-ye altro cela-fika me subtu hume; lore te-yo vi voka me exu me-yo lekte, utu músike; etu ti spekta!, qi te videa ibi longi plo kampe frumente-yo?; me noni eda pane; pu me, frumente sa inútilo; frumente-yo kampe fika me mémoro du no kose; etu ide, o!, sa tristo; sedu te habea krine aure-yo; siki, qandu te vi habea me manso, ide vi sa mirando; frumente aure-yo vi sa mémorie te-yo; etu me vi ama sone du vente inu frumente …”
le vulpe pri silea, etu pri spekta longi le mikro-príncipe:
“me peta … ti manso-fakia me!,” se pri dica.

Lingua Franca Nova[]

Lingua Franca Nova
La Preambul a la Declara Universal de Diretos Umana . Preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  • Car la reconose de la dinia inerente e la diretos egal e nonalienable de tota la membros de la familia umana es la funda de libria, justia, e pas en la mundo;
  • Car la nonconose e la despeta de la diretos umana ia trae atas de barbaria cual ofende la consiensa umana, e car la veni de un mundo do tota persones va es libre per parla e crea, e librida de temia e de miseria, es proclamada como la aspira la plu alta de umanas;
  • Car es esensal ce la diretos umana es protejeda par un sistem de diretos, afin no person es forsada, como un recurso ultima, a la rebelia contra tirania e oprimi;
  • Car es esensal promove la developa de relates bonvolente entre nasiones;
  • Car en la Carta, la poplas de la Nasiones Unida proclama se fida en la diretos umana fundal, en la dinia e la valua de la person umana, en la egalia de diretos de omes e de femes, e car los ia deside promove la progresa sosial e leva la cualia de vive con un libria plu completa;
  • Car la statos-membros promete securi, en coopera con la Nasiones Unida, la respeta e la oserva universal de diretos umana e libria fundal;
  • Car un conseta comun de esta diretos e librias es la plu importante per la completi plen de esta promete:
  • La Asemblea Jeneral proclama esta Declara Universal de Diretos Umana como un ideal comun per la aspira de tota poplas e nasiones, afin cada person e cada organo sosial, con esta Declara en mente constante, va promove la respeta de esta diretos e librias par eleva e instrui, e par mesuras progresante, e nasional e internasional, va securi la reconose e aplica universal e produosa, entre la poplas de la statos parteninte e de la teritorios su se autoria legal.
Interglosse
introduka-ye adu nuntia-ye munde-yo du plo jure homine-yo [traduka-zo exu anglo-gloss]
  • namu rekogna-ye du digno-ye proprio etu plo jure eqo, keu noni possa za-ya aufera-zo du omno membre du le familie homine-yo, sa fundamente du libero-ye, justo-ye, etu pace inu rel munde;
  • namu ignora-ye etu despekta-ye pu plo jure homine-yo pri kausa plo aga-ye bárbaro keu pri offenda konskio-ye homine-yo;
  • etu namu venia-ye du munde ubu plo hómine vi habea libero-ye du loqa-ye etu fida-ye, etu libero-ye du timea-ye etu misero-ye, za nuntia-zo utu peta-ye máximi alto du plo hómine;
  • namu sa precipuo ku plo jure homine-yo debea za-ya protega-zo peu rega-ye du plo lege, pu ku no home za koaga-zo, utu refugie último, pu rebella-ye kontru tiranno-ye etu opprima-ye;
  • namu sa precipuo promovea-ya progredia-ye du plo relatione amiko interu plo natione;
  • namu inu le karte, plo pópule du UN nuntia fida-ye du lore pu plo jure homine-yo fundamente-yo, inu digno-ye etu valido-ye du hómine, inu plo jure eqo du wire etu fémine, etu namu lore pri konstitua promovea-ya progredia-ye sokialo etu plo kondikione melioro du vite inu libero-ye majoro;
  • namu ple state membre pri promitta promovea-ya, kollabora-yi konu UN, respekta-ye etu observa-ye pu plo jure homine-yo etu plo libero-ye fundamente-yo;
  • namu intelliga-ye kommuno du isto jure etu isto libero-ye sa máximi gravo pu effikia-ye pleno du illo promitta-ye;
  • nunci, ergi, le generalo-assemblie klama nuntia-ye munde-yo du plo jure homine-yo utu norme kommuno du promovea-ye pu plo pópule etu omno natione, pu ku omno home etu omno órgane sokialo, tenea-yi le nuntia-ye kontinuo-yi inu psike, vi tenta, peru dokea-ye etu eduka-ye, promovea-ya respekta-ye pu isto jure etu isto libero-ye, etu peru plo mensure progressivo, natione-yo etu internatione-yo, vi fika sekuro rekogna-ye du re etu observa-ye munde-yo etu effikaco, ambo-yi interu plo pópule du plo civitate membre, etu interu plo pópule du plo terre subtu lore-yo jure.
English
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
  2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. […]
  3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
  4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Interglosse
nuntia-ye munde-yo du plo jure homine-yo
  1. omno home nasca líbero etu eqo konu digno-ye etu plo jure, etu za dota-zo konu ratione etu konskio-ye, etu lore debea aga-ya pu altro hómine konu ánime fraterno.
  2. omno home za dona-zo omno jure etu plo libero-ye nuntia-zo inu isto nuntia-ye, sinu distingua-ye du ullo génere, utu gente, kolore, sexe, glosse, religione, opina-ye polítiko autu altro, orígine sokialo autu natione-yo, divitie, nasca-ye, autu plo state altro. […]
  3. omno home habea jure pu vite, libero-ye, etu sekuro-ye persone-yo.
  4. no home debea za-ya tenea-zo inu servo-ye; servo-ye etu merka-ye du plo serva-pe debea za-ya veta-zo inu omno mode.

English[]

Interglosse
belle astre-yo (star-wars)

plo milite-pe imperie-yo kapia nave du fe-príncipe rebello sel leia. plo droide sel R2P2 etu sel C3P2 fugia exu le nave adu planete tattoin; sedu lore za kapta-zo peu plo merka-pe, etu za venda-zo pu duo ínkole du umido-ye. le adopta-filie du lore, sel luke, videa plo cineme-pikture du sel R2P2; re monstra sel leia peta-yi ju sel kenobi mitta le pikture du artifikio planete rel morte-stelle adu le patre du sel leia inu planete alderaan. sel R2P2 etu sel luke trova sel kenobi, keu narra ku se pri sa mono du plo kustodie-pe du pace nomina-zo jedi. plo milite-pe imperie-yo neka le duo adopta-parente du sel luke. sel kenobi etu sel luke vada adu taberne inu tattoin, etu peta ju sel han-solo porta lore adu alderaan, peru nave nomina-zo rel millenie-falkone. sedu alderaan pri pri za destrua-zo peu rel morte-stelle, utu za jubea-zo peu sel moff-tarkin. rel morte-stelle kapia rel millenie-falkone, etu sel darth-vader neka sel kenobi. sel luke konu sel han-solo etu sel chewbacca fugia exu plo milite-pe imperie-yo, etu lore libera sel leia. lore fugia exu rel morte-stelle peru rel millenie-falkone, etu vada adu planete rel yavin-4. ibi lore prepara oppugna-ya rel morte-stelle, sedu sel han-solo linqa. multo oppugna-pe moria, etu posti sel han-solo vada íteri konu sel luke, pu juva-ya oppugna-ya. fine-yi sel luke neka sel moff-tarkin, etu destrua rel morte-stelle, konu auxilie spirite-yo du sel kenobi.

Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.
Advertisement

Fan Feed

More Conlang