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Line 126: Line 126:
 
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |tʃ
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |tʃ
 
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ʃ
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ʃ
−
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ʃt
 +
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ʃtʃ
 
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |/
 
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |<sup>j</sup>
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |<sup>j</sup>
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| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ɔ
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |ɔ
 
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |jɔ
  
| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;" |jɔ
  +
|-
  +
!Letter
  +
|Й
  +
|Ў
  +
|Ѵ
  +
|Ѳ
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
!Sound
  +
|j
  +
|w
  +
|i
  +
|f
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
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|
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|
 
|}
  
|}
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There are some spelling rules and phonological changes that one should be aware of:
  +
  +
* If preceded by a vowel, the letter В being followed by a consonant is pronounced as /w/, e.g.: га'''в'''ло /ha'''w'''la/ (''=hall'')
  +
* If unstressed, the letter E gets reduced to /ji/ in a process called ikanya (''iканя''), e.g.: пр'''е'''ëчѫ /pr'''<sup>j</sup>i'''jɔtʃɔ/ (''=to overlook'')
  +
* The unstressed E preceded by a vowel gets reduced to /jɔ/ in a process called okanya (''оканя''), e.g.: лече'''е''' /l<sup>j</sup>ɛtʃ<sup>j</sup>i'''jɔ'''/ (''=easily'')
  +
*The letter I is the default letter in order to represent the sound /i/, while the letter И is used to write the sound /i/ in final position, e.g.: прав'''и''' (''=almost'')
  +
*The letter Л being followed by consonant and preceded by a vowel changes to /w/, e.g.: во'''л'''фсъ /vɔ'''w'''fs/ (''=wolf'')
  +
*The letter O undergoes a sound reduction called akanya (''аканя'') if unstressed, e.g.: Ржечп'''о'''сп'''о'''блiт'''о''' /rʒ<sup>j</sup>ɛtʃp'''a'''sp'''a'''blit'''a'''/ (''=Commonwealth'')
  +
*The diagraph ЧТ stands for /ʃt/, e.g.: по'''чт'''о /pɔ'''ʃt'''a/ (''=post office'')
  +
*The letter Ъ must be added in final position if the considered word ends in a hard consonant, e.g.: лек'''ъ''' (''=easy'')
  +
*The letter Ъ also prevents the default iotation of the letter E, so the sound changes to a simple /ɛ/, e.g.: об'''ъе'''щанiя /ab'''ɛ'''ʃtʃanija/ (''=promise'')
  +
*The so-called nasal letters Ѫ and Ѭ, even if undistinguishable from the stressed O or the simple Ë, are used for etymological and grammatical like indicating the infinitive present ending
  +
*The iotified and nasal letters never get reduced in speech, except of E
  +
*Iotified letters being grammatical endings may induce alterations for the last consonant of the word stem as follow: м to мл, п to пл, б to бл, ф to фл, в to вл, т to ц, д to s, к to ч, г to ш and ґ to ж
  +
*The letter Ѵ is a purely etymological letter as it stands for the Greek letter upsilon, which is mostly denoted in the Latin script with the letter Y, e.g.: ѳ'''ѵ'''зiко (''=physics'')
  +
*The letter Ѳ is also solely etymological as it stands for two Greek letters, namely theta and phi, which are mostly denoted in the Latin script by the digraphs TH and PH. That letter produces hence two sound: /t/ and /f/. If coming from the letter theta, the letter will be pronounced /t/. On the other side, if the letter takes its roots from the letter phi, it'll be pronounced as /f/, e.g.: '''ѳ'''ѵзiко /'''f'''izika/ (''=physics'') versus '''ѳ'''ъеоремо /'''t'''iar<sup>j</sup>ɛma/ (''=theorem'')
   
 
==Grammar==
  
==Grammar==
   
 
===Nouns===
  
===Nouns===
  +
Nouns in Lugoruthenian retain a lot of flexions. Indeed, all the six cases of Proto-Germanic have been maintained in Lugoruthenian due to Baltic and Slavic influence.
  +
  +
==== First Declension ====
  +
The First Declension gathers all masculine nouns ending in -съ and all neuter nouns ending in -a up.
  +
{| class="fandom-table"
  +
|+
  +
!'''волфсъ'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
!'''юка'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''nominative'''
  +
|волф'''съ'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |волф'''асъ'''
  +
| rowspan="6" |
  +
| rowspan="3" |юк'''а'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |юк'''асъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''vocative'''
  +
|волф'''ъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''accusative'''
  +
|волф'''а'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''dative'''
  +
|волф<u>л</u>'''е'''
  +
|волф'''амъ'''
  +
|ю<u>ч</u>'''е'''
  +
|юк'''амъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''genitive'''
  +
|волф'''асъ'''
  +
|волф'''о'''
  +
|юк'''асъ'''
  +
|юк'''о'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''instrumental'''
  +
|волф'''о'''
  +
|волф'''ами'''
  +
|юк'''о'''
  +
|юк'''ами'''
  +
|}
  +
A lot of word stems of the masculine noun category do not allow the nominative singular ending -съ, depending on the last consonant of the word stem. Some consonants will voice the /s/-sound to a /z/-sound, meanwhile other consonants will simply delete that final ending.
  +
  +
* б -> бзъ
  +
* ґ -> ґзъ
  +
* д -> sъ
  +
* ж -> жъ
  +
* s -> sъ
  +
* з -> зъ
  +
* с -> съ
  +
* т -> цъ
  +
* ц -> цъ
  +
* ч -> чъ
  +
* ш -> шъ
  +
* щ -> щъ
  +
  +
==== Second Declension ====
  +
The Second Declension contains all the feminine nouns ending in -о.
  +
{| class="fandom-table"
  +
|+
  +
!'''гево'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''nominative'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |гев'''о'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |гев'''осъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''vocative'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''accusative'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''dative'''
  +
|гев'''ой'''
  +
|гев'''омъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''genitive'''
  +
|гев'''осъ'''
  +
|гев'''о'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''instrumental'''
  +
|гев'''о'''
  +
|гев'''оми'''
  +
|}
  +
  +
==== Third Declension ====
  +
The Third Declension groups all nouns ending in a soft consonant marked by -ь. The nouns of the Third Declension may be masculine, feminine or neuter and their respective gender must be learnt by hard, as there are no grammatical rules that might help predict the grammatical gender. The masculine and feminine nouns follow the same flexion, meanwhile neuter nouns are the only ones with a different flexional paradigm.
  +
{| class="fandom-table"
  +
|+
  +
!'''гасць'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
!'''марь'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''nominative'''
  +
| rowspan="2" |гасц'''ь'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |гасц'''iсъ'''
  +
| rowspan="6" |
  +
| rowspan="3" |мар'''ь'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |мар'''и'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''vocative'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''accusative'''
  +
|гасц'''и'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''dative'''
  +
|гасц'''я'''
  +
|гасц'''iмъ'''
  +
|мар'''я'''
  +
|мар'''iмъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''genitive'''
  +
|гасц'''iсъ'''
  +
|гасц'''ië'''
  +
|мар'''iсъ'''
  +
|мар'''ië'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''instrumental'''
  +
|гасц'''и'''
  +
|гасц'''iми'''
  +
|мар'''и'''
  +
|мар'''iми'''
  +
|}
  +
  +
==== Fourth Declension ====
  +
The Fourth Declension groups all the masculine nouns ending in -усъ and all the neuter nouns in -у.
  +
{| class="fandom-table"
  +
|+
  +
!'''сунусъ'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
!'''феху'''
  +
!'''singular'''
  +
!'''plural'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''nominative'''
  +
|сун'''усъ'''
  +
| rowspan="2" |сун'''iсъ'''
  +
| rowspan="6" |
  +
| rowspan="3" |фех'''у'''
  +
| rowspan="3" |фех'''у'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''vocative'''
  +
| rowspan="2" |сун'''у'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''accusative'''
  +
|сун'''усъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''dative'''
  +
|сун'''и'''
  +
|сун'''умъ'''
  +
|фех'''и'''
  +
|фех'''умъ'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''genitive'''
  +
|сун'''осъ'''
  +
|сун'''ië'''
  +
|фех'''осъ'''
  +
|фех'''ië'''
  +
|-
  +
!'''instrumental'''
  +
|сун'''у'''
  +
|сун'''уми'''
  +
|фех'''у'''
  +
|фех'''уми'''
  +
|}
  +
A lot of masculine nouns ending in -ў (''being borrowed from Slavic languages'') follow the neuter declension. Indeed, the /w/-sound changes to a /l<sup>j</sup>/-sound whilst following the paradigm, e.g.: учiце'''ў''' - учiце'''л'''и - учiце'''л'''<u>ë</u>съ (''=teacher'').
  +
  +
==== Weak Accusative ====
  +
The grammatical phenomenon in Lugoruthenian, called Weak Accusative, describes the change of the accusative case into the genitive case. This happens either if the direct object is negated (''which is a grammatical trait borrowed from the surrounding Balto-Slavic languages - in this case, the genitive is called negated genitive''), or if only a part of the direct object is talked about (''here, we call it a partitive genitive'').
  +
  +
* <u>Ни</u> ето '''аплосъ'''. (''=I'm <u>not</u> eating '''an apple'''. - negative genitive; "Ни ето аплу." would be wrong'')
  +
* Ето '''аплосъ'''. (''=I'm eating '''bits of an apple'''. - partitive genitive; "Ето <u>аплу</u>." would be translated to "I'm eating <u>an apple [entirely]</u>.'')
  +
  +
In the literary language, a third case of the Weak Accusative exists, namely the expression of final telicity. If the action gets completed without reaching its initial goal, the direct object depending on this action is put into the instrumental case (''here particularly, we talk about a telic instrumental''), e.g.: Вячто ласкъ фарвась чiртѫдъ '''мурами''', ми '''естъество''' ей внайдовсëтъ. (''=Like a lazy painter painting '''walls''' <u>[not entirely]</u>, I created my '''reality''' <u>[not entirely]</u>. - quote from " Туй Меркаторь Константiнополасъ" - "The Merchant of Constantinople."'')
   
 
===Verbs===
  
===Verbs===
Line 146: Line 371:
   
 
==Lexicon==
  
==Lexicon==
  +
{| class="fandom-table"
  +
|+
  +
!'''Word'''
  +
!'''Pronunciation'''
  +
!'''Translation'''
  +
!'''Category'''
  +
!'''Origin'''
  +
|-
  +
|гавло
  +
|/hawla/
  +
|hall
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|преëчѫ
  +
|/pr<sup>j</sup>ijɔtʃɔ/
  +
|to overlook
  +
|verb
  +
|Polish
  +
|-
  +
|волфсъ
  +
|/vɔwfs/
  +
|wolf
  +
|noun, m, I
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|лекъ
  +
|/l<sup>j</sup>ɛk/
  +
|easy
  +
|adjective
  +
|Old Church Slavonic
  +
|-
  +
|Ржечпоспоблiто
  +
|/rʒ<sup>j</sup>ɛtʃpaspablita/
  +
|Commonwealth
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|Polish
  +
|-
  +
|почто
  +
|/pɔʃta/
  +
|post office
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|''Neologism''
  +
|-
  +
|объещанiя
  +
|/abɛʃtʃanija/
  +
|promise
  +
|noun, n, I
  +
|Old Church Slavonic
  +
|-
  +
|прави
  +
|/pravi/
  +
|almost
  +
|adverb
  +
|Polish
  +
|-
  +
|юка
  +
|/juka/
  +
|yoke
  +
|noun, n, I
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|гево
  +
|/h<sup>j</sup>ɛva/
  +
|gift
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|гасць
  +
|/hasts<sup>j</sup>/
  +
|guest
  +
|noun, m, III
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|марь
  +
|/mar<sup>j</sup>/
  +
|sea
  +
|noun, n, III
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|сунусъ
  +
|/sunus/
  +
|son
  +
|noun, m, IV
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|феху
  +
|/f<sup>j</sup>ɛxu/
  +
|livestock
  +
|noun, n, IV
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|учiцеў
  +
|/utʃits<sup>j</sup>iw/
  +
|teacher
  +
|noun, m, IV
  +
|Old Church Slavonic
  +
|-
  +
|ѳѵзiко
  +
|/fizika/
  +
|physics
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|Latin
  +
|-
  +
|ѳъеоремo
  +
|/tiar<sup>j</sup>ɛma/
  +
|theorem
  +
|noun, f, II
  +
|Latin
  +
|-
  +
|ни
  +
|/ni/
  +
|not
  +
|adverb
  +
|Lithuanian
  +
|-
  +
|етѫ
  +
|/jɛtɔ/
  +
|to eat
  +
|verb
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|аплусъ
  +
|/aplus/
  +
|apple
  +
|noun, m, IV
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|мурсъ
  +
|/murs/
  +
|wall
  +
|noun, m, I
  +
|Latin
  +
|-
  +
|вя
  +
|/v<sup>j</sup>a/
  +
|how
  +
|particle
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|фарвась
  +
|/farvas<sup>j</sup>/
  +
|painter
  +
|noun, m, III
  +
|Low German
  +
|-
  +
|чiртѫ
  +
|/tʃirtɔ/
  +
|to paint
  +
|verb
  +
|Old Church Slavonic
  +
|-
  +
|ей
  +
|/jɛj/
  +
|I
  +
|pronoun
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|-
  +
|етъества
  +
|/jɛtistva/
  +
|reality
  +
|noun, n, I
  +
|Old Church Slavonic
  +
|-
  +
|внайдовѫ
  +
|/vnajdɔvɔ/
  +
|to create
  +
|verb
  +
|Polish
  +
|-
  +
|ласкъ
  +
|/lask/
  +
|lazy
  +
|adjective
  +
|Proto-Germanic
  +
|}
   
   

Latest revision as of 04:33, 22 August 2022

Lugoruthenian
Type
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal No
Declensions No
Conjugations No
Genders
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 0%
Statistics
Nouns 0%
Verbs 0%
Adjectives 0%
Syntax 0%
Words of 1500
Creator Gjordanoff


Classification and Dialects

Lugoruthenian is a Germanic language and also the only tongue being part of the Balto-Germanic linguistic subbranch. It's spoken in the Lugoruthenian Commonwealth. It's also the only Germanic language that's being written in the Cyrillic script. The language is strongly influenced by its neighboring languages, namely Ukrainian, Polish and Lithuanian.

Writing System

The Lugoruthenian writing system is based on the Cyrillic alphabet. As the Lugoruthenian tribes have been Christianized by Byzantine and Moravian missionaries, the Early Cyrillic script has been adopted to transcribe the Lugoruthenian language. It was also the first time in Lugoruthenian linguistic history that the language became a written one. Lugoruthenian Cyrillic is very conservative and retains a lot of letter coming from the Early Cyrillic script. Also the spelling contains a handful of archaisms.

Letter А Б В Г Ґ Д Е Ж S З И I
Sound a b v h g d jɛ ʒ dz z i i
Letter К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х
Sound k l m n ɔ p r s t u f x
Letter Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ь Ѣ Я Ю Ё Ѫ Ѭ
Sound ts tʃ ʃ ʃtʃ / j e: ja ju jɔ ɔ jɔ
Letter Й Ў Ѵ Ѳ
Sound j w i f

There are some spelling rules and phonological changes that one should be aware of:

  • If preceded by a vowel, the letter В being followed by a consonant is pronounced as /w/, e.g.: гавло /hawla/ (=hall)
  • If unstressed, the letter E gets reduced to /ji/ in a process called ikanya (iканя), e.g.: преëчѫ /prjijɔtʃɔ/ (=to overlook)
  • The unstressed E preceded by a vowel gets reduced to /jɔ/ in a process called okanya (оканя), e.g.: лечее /ljɛtʃjijɔ/ (=easily)
  • The letter I is the default letter in order to represent the sound /i/, while the letter И is used to write the sound /i/ in final position, e.g.: прави (=almost)
  • The letter Л being followed by consonant and preceded by a vowel changes to /w/, e.g.: волфсъ /vɔwfs/ (=wolf)
  • The letter O undergoes a sound reduction called akanya (аканя) if unstressed, e.g.: Ржечпоспоблiто /rʒjɛtʃpaspablita/ (=Commonwealth)
  • The diagraph ЧТ stands for /ʃt/, e.g.: почто /pɔʃta/ (=post office)
  • The letter Ъ must be added in final position if the considered word ends in a hard consonant, e.g.: лекъ (=easy)
  • The letter Ъ also prevents the default iotation of the letter E, so the sound changes to a simple /ɛ/, e.g.: объещанiя /abɛʃtʃanija/ (=promise)
  • The so-called nasal letters Ѫ and Ѭ, even if undistinguishable from the stressed O or the simple Ë, are used for etymological and grammatical like indicating the infinitive present ending
  • The iotified and nasal letters never get reduced in speech, except of E
  • Iotified letters being grammatical endings may induce alterations for the last consonant of the word stem as follow: м to мл, п to пл, б to бл, ф to фл, в to вл, т to ц, д to s, к to ч, г to ш and ґ to ж
  • The letter Ѵ is a purely etymological letter as it stands for the Greek letter upsilon, which is mostly denoted in the Latin script with the letter Y, e.g.: ѳѵзiко (=physics)
  • The letter Ѳ is also solely etymological as it stands for two Greek letters, namely theta and phi, which are mostly denoted in the Latin script by the digraphs TH and PH. That letter produces hence two sound: /t/ and /f/. If coming from the letter theta, the letter will be pronounced /t/. On the other side, if the letter takes its roots from the letter phi, it'll be pronounced as /f/, e.g.: ѳѵзiко /fizika/ (=physics) versus ѳъеоремо /tiarjɛma/ (=theorem)

Grammar

Nouns

Nouns in Lugoruthenian retain a lot of flexions. Indeed, all the six cases of Proto-Germanic have been maintained in Lugoruthenian due to Baltic and Slavic influence.

First Declension

The First Declension gathers all masculine nouns ending in -съ and all neuter nouns ending in -a up.

волфсъ singular plural юка singular plural
nominative волфсъ волфасъ юка юкасъ
vocative волфъ
accusative волфа
dative волфле волфамъ юче юкамъ
genitive волфасъ волфо юкасъ юко
instrumental волфо волфами юко юками

A lot of word stems of the masculine noun category do not allow the nominative singular ending -съ, depending on the last consonant of the word stem. Some consonants will voice the /s/-sound to a /z/-sound, meanwhile other consonants will simply delete that final ending.

  • б -> бзъ
  • ґ -> ґзъ
  • д -> sъ
  • ж -> жъ
  • s -> sъ
  • з -> зъ
  • с -> съ
  • т -> цъ
  • ц -> цъ
  • ч -> чъ
  • ш -> шъ
  • щ -> щъ

Second Declension

The Second Declension contains all the feminine nouns ending in -о.

гево singular plural
nominative гево гевосъ
vocative
accusative
dative гевой гевомъ
genitive гевосъ гево
instrumental гево гевоми

Third Declension

The Third Declension groups all nouns ending in a soft consonant marked by -ь. The nouns of the Third Declension may be masculine, feminine or neuter and their respective gender must be learnt by hard, as there are no grammatical rules that might help predict the grammatical gender. The masculine and feminine nouns follow the same flexion, meanwhile neuter nouns are the only ones with a different flexional paradigm.

гасць singular plural марь singular plural
nominative гасць гасцiсъ марь мари
vocative
accusative гасци
dative гасця гасцiмъ маря марiмъ
genitive гасцiсъ гасцië марiсъ марië
instrumental гасци гасцiми мари марiми

Fourth Declension

The Fourth Declension groups all the masculine nouns ending in -усъ and all the neuter nouns in -у.

сунусъ singular plural феху singular plural
nominative сунусъ сунiсъ феху феху
vocative суну
accusative сунусъ
dative суни сунумъ фехи фехумъ
genitive суносъ сунië фехосъ фехië
instrumental суну сунуми феху фехуми

A lot of masculine nouns ending in -ў (being borrowed from Slavic languages) follow the neuter declension. Indeed, the /w/-sound changes to a /lj/-sound whilst following the paradigm, e.g.: учiцеў - учiцели - учiцелëсъ (=teacher).

Weak Accusative

The grammatical phenomenon in Lugoruthenian, called Weak Accusative, describes the change of the accusative case into the genitive case. This happens either if the direct object is negated (which is a grammatical trait borrowed from the surrounding Balto-Slavic languages - in this case, the genitive is called negated genitive), or if only a part of the direct object is talked about (here, we call it a partitive genitive).

  • Ни ето аплосъ. (=I'm not eating an apple. - negative genitive; "Ни ето аплу." would be wrong)
  • Ето аплосъ. (=I'm eating bits of an apple. - partitive genitive; "Ето аплу." would be translated to "I'm eating an apple [entirely].)

In the literary language, a third case of the Weak Accusative exists, namely the expression of final telicity. If the action gets completed without reaching its initial goal, the direct object depending on this action is put into the instrumental case (here particularly, we talk about a telic instrumental), e.g.: Вячто ласкъ фарвась чiртѫдъ мурами, ми естъество ей внайдовсëтъ. (=Like a lazy painter painting walls [not entirely], I created my reality [not entirely]. - quote from " Туй Меркаторь Константiнополасъ" - "The Merchant of Constantinople.")

Verbs

Syntax

Lexicon

Word Pronunciation Translation Category Origin
гавло /hawla/ hall noun, f, II Proto-Germanic
преëчѫ /prjijɔtʃɔ/ to overlook verb Polish
волфсъ /vɔwfs/ wolf noun, m, I Proto-Germanic
лекъ /ljɛk/ easy adjective Old Church Slavonic
Ржечпоспоблiто /rʒjɛtʃpaspablita/ Commonwealth noun, f, II Polish
почто /pɔʃta/ post office noun, f, II Neologism
объещанiя /abɛʃtʃanija/ promise noun, n, I Old Church Slavonic
прави /pravi/ almost adverb Polish
юка /juka/ yoke noun, n, I Proto-Germanic
гево /hjɛva/ gift noun, f, II Proto-Germanic
гасць /hastsj/ guest noun, m, III Proto-Germanic
марь /marj/ sea noun, n, III Proto-Germanic
сунусъ /sunus/ son noun, m, IV Proto-Germanic
феху /fjɛxu/ livestock noun, n, IV Proto-Germanic
учiцеў /utʃitsjiw/ teacher noun, m, IV Old Church Slavonic
ѳѵзiко /fizika/ physics noun, f, II Latin
ѳъеоремo /tiarjɛma/ theorem noun, f, II Latin
ни /ni/ not adverb Lithuanian
етѫ /jɛtɔ/ to eat verb Proto-Germanic
аплусъ /aplus/ apple noun, m, IV Proto-Germanic
мурсъ /murs/ wall noun, m, I Latin
вя /vja/ how particle Proto-Germanic
фарвась /farvasj/ painter noun, m, III Low German
чiртѫ /tʃirtɔ/ to paint verb Old Church Slavonic
ей /jɛj/ I pronoun Proto-Germanic
етъества /jɛtistva/ reality noun, n, I Old Church Slavonic
внайдовѫ /vnajdɔvɔ/ to create verb Polish
ласкъ /lask/ lazy adjective Proto-Germanic


Example text

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