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'
Type
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect



General information[]

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

Note: sounds in parentheses occur only as allophones and are not phonemic.

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Stop p b t d k g ʔ
Fricative (ɸ) (β) f (v) s (z) ʃ (ʒ) x (ɣ) (χ)
Approximant (w) (j) ʁ
Lateral app. l
Lateral fric. ɬ
Trill (r̥)

Vowels[]

Short[]

Near-front Near-back
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Open-mid ɛ
Open ɒ

Long[]

Front Back
Close
Open-mid ɔː
Open

Diphthongs[]

/ju/ /wi/ /eɪ/ /aɪ/

Sound Changes[]

Vowels in Mèrun have developed through sound changes from a five-consonant /a e i o u/ vowel inventory with phonemic length. The sound changes follow:

Original i ii iu u uu ui e ee ei eu o oo oi ou a aa ai au ae ao
Changed ɪ ju ʊ wi ɛ ju ɒ ɔ: ɔ: u: ɒ a: a: a:

Romanization[]

Vowels[]

ɪ ʊ ɛ ɔː ɒː a ju wi
i ì u ù e è o ò a iu ui ai

Consonants[]

ʃ x ʁ ɬ
sh ch r lh

Phonotactics[]

/ts/ and /ds/ palatalize to [tʃ] and [dʒ] before /i ì e/

/s/ cannot exist before /i ì e/

/x/ becomes affricate [kx] word-initially

/f/ becomes [ɸ] before rounded consonants /u ù o ò/

/fui/ becomes [ʍi]

Nasal consonants assimilate to the same position as following stops: */ng/ -> /ŋg/

Plosives become voiced after nasals: */nt/ -> /nd/

Fricatives become voiced between vowels: /afa/ -> [ava]

[r̥] is in free association with [ɬ] as allophones of /lh/

/s/ becomes [z] after /d/ and [ʒ] after /g/

  • /bs/ cannot occur

Voiced obstruents become devoiced if occuring at the end of a word.

Syllable Structure[]

(s)C(l,r,s)VC

/s/ can occur after another consonant in the onset only if the consonant is a plosive.

/ʔ/ can only occur word-initially

Stress[]

In two-syllable words, if the first syllable has a short vowel and the second does not, stress falls on the second syllable. Otherwise, stress falls on the first syllable.

Example
'rèd
'kered
kè'red

In words with three or more syllables, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it has a long vowel or diphthong; otherwise, stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable. The exception is if the antepenultimate syllable is a grammatical prefix and therefore not part of the stem, and it has a short vowel.

Example
go'geka
'gogèka
gè'ka, where gè- is a prefix and not part of the stem.

Grammar[]

Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No No No No No No No
Nouns Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Adjectives No No No No No No No No
Numbers No No No No No No No No
Participles No No No No No No No No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns No No No No No No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No

Nouns[]

Verbs[]

Syntax[]

Vocabulary[]


No. English
1I
2you (singular)
3he
4we
5you (plural)
6they
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who
12what
13where
14when
15how
16not
17all
18many
19some
20few
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big
28long
29wide
30thick
31heavy
32small
33short
34narrow
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)
38man (human being)
39child
40wife
41husband
42mother
43father
44animal
45fish
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree
52forest
53stick
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark
59flower
60grass
61rope
62skin
63meat
64blood
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye
75nose
76mouth
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80foot
81leg
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast
90heart
91liver
92drink
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breathe
100laugh
101see
102hear
103know
104think
105smell
106fear
107sleep
108live
109die
110kill
111fight
112hunt
113hit
114cut
115split
116stab
117scratch
118dig
119swim
120fly
121walk
122come
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fall
128give
129hold
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throw
137tie
138sew
139count
140say
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sun
148moon
149star
150water
151rain
152river
153lake
154sea
155salt
156stone
157sand
158dust
159earth
160cloud
161fog
162sky
163wind
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fire
168ash
169burn
170road
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white
176black
177night
178day
179year
180warm
181cold
182full
183new
184old
185good
186bad
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in
203with
204and
205if
206because
207name


Example text[]

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