Mevja Mevjaokwei | |||||||||||||
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Type | SemiFusional-Agglutinating | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nom-Acc | ||||||||||||
Head direction | Head-Final | ||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | 4 | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
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Creator | [[User:|]] |
Classification and Dialects[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
Plosive | p / b | t / d | k / g | kʷ | |||||
Fricative | f / v | θ / ð | s / z | ʃ / ʒ | x / ɣ | h | |||
Affricate | tʃ / dʒ | ||||||||
Approximant | w | j | |||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||
Flap or tap | ɾ | ||||||||
Lateral app. | l |
Vowels[]
Front | Near-front | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | i / y | ɯ | u | |
Mid | e | ø | o | |
Low | æ | a / ɒ |
Diphthongs[]
Rising | Falling |
---|---|
ia | ae |
io | ao |
ua | ei |
ue | eu |
uo | oi |
yø |
Phonotactics[]
. onset clusters can be stop+liquid , fricative+approximant and nasal+stop
Permitted onsets[]
A syllable may begin with a single consonant, or a permitted cluster. Known permitted clusters consist of an oral stop followed by either a liquid, or a sibilant.
Word-initially[]
A word may begin with a vowel, a single consonant, an oral stop followed by a liquid, or either of those preceded by a sibilant. That is, I word may begin with three consonants provided they occur in the following configuration:
1st | 2nd | 3rd |
---|---|---|
s | p
t k |
r l |
z | b d | |
Permitted nuclei[]
A nucleus may be a short vowel, a long vowel, or a diphthong.
Permitted codas[]
Any consonant may appear as a geminate, except for the palatals (ñ, j).
Word-finally[]
A word may end with a vowel, s, n, m, t, d, r, l, k or h. The only permissible consonant clusters word-finally are ks and gz.
Stress and syllable distribution[]
The maximum possible syllable structure in Mevja is CCCVCV.
. Word stress in Mevja is predictable and non phonemic and it is determined by syllable weight.
. Words with a single syllable it is automatically the first or unstressed entirely.
. words with two syllables the stress falls on the first syllable.
. words with three or more syllables, the stress is on the penultimate syllable if this is heavy, otherwise (if the syllable is a light one) on the antepenultimate syllable, i.e. the third-to-last syllable.
A syllable is light if:
- It ends with a short vowel. This includes rising diphthongs that ends in a short vowel
A syllable is heavy if:
- It contains with a long vowel
- It contains a falling diphthong
- It contains a long rising diphthong
- It ends with a consonant or contains a cluster of two consonants
- For syllable boundaries at the middle of a word, a good rule of thumb is that if a vowel is followed by two consonants, the first consonant is at the end of a syllable and thus the syllable is heavy. For this purpose:
- Digraphs, such as rh, gh, lj count as a single consonant.
- A plosive (p, t, k, kw, b, d, g) followed by a liquid (r, l, rh) or a sibilant (s, š , z)
- Only the following consonants have phonemically geminated forms: pp, tt, kk, mm, nn, ss, ff, ll, rr, gg.
- For syllable boundaries at the middle of a word, a good rule of thumb is that if a vowel is followed by two consonants, the first consonant is at the end of a syllable and thus the syllable is heavy. For this purpose:
Morphonology[]
Consonant Mutation[]
. There are four types of consonant mutation in Mevja:
- Lenition or Soft mutation - voiced stops to voiceless stops, voiceless stops to spirants. liquids trigger.
- Fortiton or hard mutation - fricatives to voiceless stops. broad vowels trigger.
- Nasalization - stops become a nasal of the same articulation. nasals trigger.
- Spirantization - stops to spirants. slender vowels trigger.
Vowel Processes[]
. There is one type of vowel processes in Mevja :
- Umlaut - is a process in which the an suffix with a certain vowel either (i or u) determines the vowel quality of all other vowels in the word.
1a. i - Umlaut - the process of all vowels in a word being fronted due to an (i) suffix being attached.
1b. U- umlaut - the process of unrounded vowels being rounded due to an (u) suffix being added.
. front harmony always takes precedence before the suffix is added and umlaut takes place.
Writing System[]
Letter | ||||||||||||
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Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Gender[]
Case[]
. There are nine cases in Mevja:
- Nominative - the subject of a sentence.
- Accusative - the direct object of a sentence.
- Dative - the indirect object of a sentence.
- Genitive - shows possession or origin
- Ablative - shows movement.
- Essive - denotes a state of being.
- Lative - denotes a static location.
- Instrumental - denotes the tool used to perform an action.
- Comitative - denotes accompaniment when the action was performed.
. Number[]
. There are four numbers in Mevja nouns :
- Singular - one of something.
- Dual - two of something.
- Plural - three or more of something.
- Paucal - denotes part of a whole (some, a few).
Ex: Vama - Person
Case / Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | Paucal |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | - | u | i | r |
Accusative | e | u | i | r |
Dative | en | nu | ni | nar |
Topical | wa | wu | wi | war |
Genitive | o | u | i | or |
Ablative | t | tu | ti | tar |
Essive | ju | ju | ji | jur |
Lative | ssa | ssu | ssi | ssar |
Respective | ra | ru | ri | rar |
Instrumental | lla | llu | lli | llar |
Comitative | ma | mu | mi | mar |
[]
Verbs[]
Tense[]
Tense / Aspect | Simple | Continuous | Perfect |
---|---|---|---|
Past | Past | Imperfect | Pluperfect |
Present | Aorist | Present | Perfect |
Future | Future | Near Future | Future Perfect |
- Aorist - ( I eat.)
- Present - (I am eating.)
- Perfect - ( I have eaten / I have been eating)
- Past - ( I ate.)
- Imperfect - (I was eating.)
- Pluperfect - ( I had eaten./ I had been eating)
- Future - ( I will eat.)
- Near Future - (I will be eating.)
- Future Perfect - ( I will have eaten. / I will have been eating.)
Syntax[]
Lexicon[]
People[]
- Vama - person / human.
- Đavu - man / hero.
- Sabi - woman.