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| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/l̥~ɬ/
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| style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"|/r~ɽ/
 
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Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel, e.g. /qʰoː˥/ <qhoob>. Diphthongs are similarly written with the corresponding component vowels, e.g. /ŋ̊ae̯˩/ <hngaez>. 
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Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel, e.g. /qʰoː˥/ <qhoob>. Diphthongs are similarly written with the corresponding component vowels, e.g. /ŋ̊a͡e˩/ <hngaez>. 
   
 
==Grammar==
 
==Grammar==

Revision as of 07:12, 5 November 2019

Ngmeitsi
Ngmẹev Tshig
Type Analytic
Alignment
Head direction
Tonal Yes
Declensions No
Conjugations No
Genders
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect
Meta-information
Progress 0%
Statistics
Nouns 0%
Verbs 0%
Adjectives 0%
Syntax 0%
Words ? of 1500
Creator Eçeþesi

Ngmẹev Tshig [ŋ͡mɛ͡e˩˧ t͡sʰḭ˧˩]


Classification and Dialects

Phonology

Consonants

Ngmẹev tshig has a rather large consonant inventory, characterized by prenasalized stops, voiceless nasals, a low proportion of fricatives, and a wide array of places of articulation, including retroflexes, uvulars, and doubly articulated labial-velars. In total, Ngmẹev tshig has between 40 and 45 consonants, depending on the dialect.


Bilabial Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Labial-Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m m̥ n n̥ (ɳ ɳ̊) ɲ ɲ̊ ŋ ŋ̊ ŋ͡m ŋ͡m̥
Plosive p pʰ ᵐb t tʰ ⁿd (ʈ ʈʰ ᶯɖ) c cʰ ᶮɟ k kʰ ᵑg k͡p k͡pʰ ᵑᵐg͡b q qʰ ᴺɢ (ʔ)
Affricate ts tsʰ ⁿdz tʃ tʃʰ ⁿdʒ ~ ʈʂ ʈʂʰ ᶯɖʐ
Fricative s ʃ ~ ʂ
Approximant h
Trill r
Lateral app. l l̥~ɬ

The retroflex series occurs only in some dialects. In others, they have merged into the alveolars. The glottal stop occurs predictably at the beginning of vowel-initial words that do not begin an utterance. The voiceless lateral approximant and voiceless lateral fricative are in free variation.


Vowels

Ngmẹev tshig has moderately large vowel inventory, with nine oral monophthongs and an additional three nasal monopthongs. The vowel inventory is characterized by the presence of both a rounded front vowel and unrounded back vowel. The vowel identified in the chart as /ɤ/ actually has a fairly wide range of realizations, the most common of which is [ɯ̽], but which also include [ɤ], [ɯ], and [ɨ]. Some dialects have a preference for one realization or another, while in others it appears to largely be up to the individual speaker, or vary by phonological environment.

Front Central Back
High i ʉ
Mid-High e ø ɤ o
Mid-Low ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ̃
Low æ ɒ̝ ɑ̃

Additionally, all vowels may present as long, and there are a wide array of diphthongs, which are detailed below.


Diphthongs

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.
First Element Second Element
a e i o ʉ
a ae ai ao au
e ea ei eo eu
i ia ie io iu
o oa oe oi ou
u ua ue ui uo
First Element Second Element
i e ø ɛ ɛ̃ a ɑ̃ ɒ̝ o ɔ̃ ɤ ʉ
i ii ie iy iẹ ien ia ian iọ io ion iw iu
e ei ee een ea ean eọ
ø yi yy
ɛ ẹi ẹe ẹẹ ẹu
a ai aa aan au
ɒ̝ ọi ọọ ọo
o oi oẹ oa oan oo oon
ɤ wi wo ww wu
ʉ ui ue uy uẹ uen ua uan uọ uo uon uw uu

Tones

Tone Name IPA Accent IPA Tone Letters
High á
Mid ā
Low à
Falling â a˥˧
Rising ǎ a˩˧
Breathy a̤˧˥
Creaky a̰˧˩


Phonotactics

Writing System

Letter p ph np m hm t th nt n hn
Sound /p/ /pʰ/ /ᵐb/ /m/ /m̥/ /t/ /tʰ/ /ⁿd/ /n/ /n̥/
Letter rt rth nrt rn hrn c ch nc ny hny
Sound /ʈ/ /ʈʰ/ /ᶯɖ/ /ɳ/ /ɳ̊/ /c/ /cʰ/ /ᶮɟ/ /ɲ/ /ɲ̊/
Letter k kh nk ng hng kp kph nkp ngm hngm
Sound /k/ /kʰ/ /ᵑg/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ /k͡p/ /k͡pʰ/ /ᵑᵐg͡b/ /ŋ͡m/ /ŋ͡m̥/
Letter q qh nq s ts tsh nts x tx txh
Sound /q/ /qʰ/ /ᴺɢ/ /s/ /ts/ /tsʰ/ /ⁿdz/ /ʃ~ʂ/ /tʃ~ʈʂ/ /tʃʰ~ʈʂʰ/
Letter ntx l hl r h a e
Sound /ⁿdʒ~ᶯɖʐ/ /l/ /l̥~ɬ/ /r~ɽ/ /h/ /æ/ /e/ /ɛ/
Letter y i o w u an en on (a)b
Sound /ø/ /i/ /o/ /ɒ̝/ /ɤ/ /ʉ/ /ɑ̃/ /ɛ̃/ /ɔ̃/ /a˥/
Letter (a)z (a)d (a)v (a)g (a)f
Sound /a˩/ /a˥˧/ /a˩˧/ /a̰˧˩/ /a̤˧˥/

Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel, e.g. /qʰoː˥/ <qhoob>. Diphthongs are similarly written with the corresponding component vowels, e.g. /ŋ̊a͡e˩/ <hngaez>. 

Grammar

Nouns

Verbs

Syntax

Lexicon

Example text