Nureki

Nureki - Noraqçı
Morphological Type:	Agglutinative
Morphosyntactic Alignment:	Nominative-Accusative
Linguistic Head:	Head Initial
Word Order:	SOV
Made by:	Maxseptillion77

General Information[]

Nureki, (Nureki: noraqçı ; Tajik: Норакӣ, Norakī), is a turkic language taking root in Sogdia along side the local Sogdian and Tajik languages. It comes primarily from Old Turkish and Farsi loans. Reletively recently, Russian loans began appearing mainly for recent advancements such as the computer or the nuclear bomb. Nureki is an agglutinative language using various suffixes to express grammatical relationships. Another feature of Nureki is the creation of new verbs by attaching a root to the verb (such as attaching prepositions to verb roots in French).

Phonology and Orthography[]

Consonants[]

	Labial		Alveolar		Palatal		Velar		Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Plosive	p	b	t	d	tʃ c	dʒ	k	g	q
Fricative			s	z	ʃ					h
Liquid	w		ɫ r		j		(ɫ)

Allophony and Morphophonology[]

[l~ɫ] works like Russian: [ɫ] is usually everywhere except before palatal vowels where it becomes [l].

Vowel harmony occurs with every word (see Vowel Harmony and Ğ)

/l/ becomes /ğ/ before another consonant.

Vowels[]

	Front		Back
Close	i i:	y y:	ɯ ɯ:	u u:
Mid	e e:	ø ø:	o o:
Low			ɑ ɑ:

Diphthongs: {aɪ̯ eɪ̯ ɵʏ̯ oʊ̯}

Vowel Harmony and Ğ[]

Nureki features a slightly irregular and mandatory vowel harmony which matches front/back vowels. The system works head-initially where the vowel in the syllable following the one of the static vowel will change front/backness to agree (for example, -lar/-ler: hööt, tree, has a front vowel. So, when the plural marker is attached, it takes a front vowel: höötler, trees. To compare, dokat, nine, has a back vowel. So, the opposite happens and the collective marker takes a back vowel: dokatlar, nines). The exception is when the Old Turkic had -oy- which becomes -öy- in Nureki regardless of the backness or frontness of the rest of the vowels. If the word is backed, -öy- does not affect it, göynamaq, to play, and vice versa.

These are the relationships:

Front
i	<->	ɯ
e	>	ɯ
y	<->	u
ø	<->	o
e	<	ɑ
ɑ*	>	o*
e*	>	ø*

(*) This is a rounding changing which applies rarely in certain suffixes in the same fashion as the front/back change. The vowel that will change will agree to the roundness of the preceding syllable's vowel's roundness and front/backness. For exmaple, the collective suffix, -ağ. This suffix can be the following: -ağ, -eğ, -oğ, -öğ. Note the following: oğr, fortune/luck, becomes oğroğ; daş, spider, becomes daşağ; çeriğ, army, becomes çeriğeğ.

Writing System[]

There are two alphabets: the old, Soviet-era Cyrillic one and the newer, pan-turkic Latin one. Gradually, but surely, the Latin variant is overtaking the Cyrillic one therefore the article will be written with the Latin one.

Cyrillic

А , Б , Г , Д , Е , Ё , З , И , Й , К , Ќ , Л , М , Н , О , П , Р , С , Т , У , Ў ,  Х , Ч , Ж , Ш , Ы , Ю

{ a , b , g , d , e , ø , z , i , j , k , c , l~ɫ , m , n , o , p , r , s , t , u , w , h , tʃ , dʒ , ʃ , ɯ , y }

Long vowels receive a macron. When the Soviet alphabet was used, the sound /q/ hadn't developed yet, so to represent this phoneme, the most common symbol is къ or қ. The same applies to /c/, which is represented by кь or ќ.

Latin

A , B , C , Ç , D , E , G , Ğ , H , İ , I , K , Ķ , L , M , N , O , Ö , P , Q , R , S , Ş , T , U , Ŭ , W , Y , Z

{ a , b , dʒ , tʃ , d , e , g , ~ , h , i , ɯ , k , c , l~ɫ , m , n , o , ø , p , q , r , s , ʃ , t , u , y , w , j , z }

Ğ ğ is a special letter with no clear value. Instead, it is a sort of auxiliary letter to mark diphthongs on certain letters. They include:

Ağ ağ - [aɪ̯]
Eğ eğ - [eɪ̯]
Oğ oğ - [oʊ̯]
Öğ öğ - [ɵʏ̯]

Any other combination however is silent such as between vowels or after a vowel not listed above. Long vowels a written doubly.

Grammar[]

Nouns[]

Nouns do not decline to anything. Instead, they are a root with various suffixes put thereon and compound verbs.

Order of Morphemes[]

fill in later

But, as a sketch, it'll be: plurality, case, possession

Case[]

There are 8 cases. All cases come directly from Old Turkic. Cases fuse with suffixes of possession (although, most are simply suffixes on suffixes). None of these suffixes are applied to the roundness change, except with a few exceptions.

In the table, each case will be shown with its potentially fused suffix of possession.

		1st	2nd	3rd
Nominative	-∅
	Singular	-(i)m / -(ı)m	-(i)n / -(ı)n	-i / -si / -ı / -sı
	Plural	-miz / -mız	-niz / -nız	-leri / -ları
Genitive	-nin / -nın
	Singular	-inim / -ınım	-inin / -ının	-nin / -nın
	Plural	-nimiz / -nımız	-niniz / -nınız	-ninleri / -nınları
Dative	-ke / -ka
	Singular	-kem / -kam	-ken / kan	-kesi / kası
	Plural	-kemiz / -kamız	-keniz / kanız	-keleri / kaları
Accusative	-iğ / -ığ
	Singular	-iğm / -ığm	-iğn / -ığn	-iğ / -ığ
	Plural	-iğmiz / -ığmız	-iğniz / -ığnız	-iğleri / -ığları
Ablative	-din / -dın
	Singular	-dim / -dım	-dinen / -dının	-dine / -dını
	Plural	-dimiz / -dımız	-diniz / -dınız	-dileri / -diları
Directional	-erü / -aru
	Singular	-erüm / -arum	-erün / -arun	-erüsi / -arusı
	Plural	-erümiz / -arumız	-erümiz / -arunız	-erüyiri / -aruyırı
Semblative	-leyi / -layı
	Singular	-leyim / -layım	-leyin / -layın	-leyisi / -layısı
	Plural	-leyimiz / -layımız	-leyiniz / -layınız	-leyisi / -layısı
Instrumental	-(i)n / -(ı)n
	Singular	-(i)nim / -(ı)nım	-(i)nin / -(ı)nın	-(i)ni / -(ı)nı
	Plural	-(i)nimiz / -(ı)nımız	-(i)niniz / -(ı)nınız	-(i)nleri / -(ı)nları
Locative	-de / -da
	Singular	-dem / dam	-den / -dan	-desi / -dası
	Plural	-demiz / -damız	-deniz / -danız	-deleri / -daları
Comparative	-reḳ / -raq
	Singular	-rekim / -rakım	-rekin / -rakın	-reki / -rakı
	Plural	-rekimiz / -rakımız	-rekiniz / -rakınız	-reçleri / -raqları

Plurality[]

There are two numbers: singular and plural. Singular is unmarked, and the plural takes the suffix -lar/-ler (agrees with the vowel harmony). The plural form also happens to be a formality marker when speaking to people of high authority where it would be attached to the appropriate word (for example, the word bodşa, king, would take the pseudo-plural formal marker, becoming bodşa, when used as a vocative or addressing a monarch in anyway) fix.

Some nouns can be "collective" which is equivalent to Germanic "mass" nouns. This is indicated by the suffix -ağ. This suffix is better explained under Vowel Harmony.

Possession[]

These suffixes indicate possession or relationship of the word attached thereto. There is a cetain sandhi with singular number suffixes. After vowels or ğ, the suffixes does not take a vowel. For example, denırı > denırı-m but gır > gır-ım. This is similar to the 3rd person suffix: denırı > denırı-sı but gır > gır-ı. The 3rd person plural suffix follows the same patter as the collective suffix -ağ (information under Vowel Harmony).

	Singular	Plural
1st	-(i)m	-miz
2nd	-(i)n	-niz
3rd	-i / -si	-ları

Adjectives[]

Adjectives are much looser than in English or romance languages where often times, an adjective can equally be a noun. When a possessive suffix is put thereon, the adjective represents the quality of the owner. Adjectives themselves can also be suffixed after a fully suffixed verb as an adverb.

However, a given noun can be clarified as an adjective with the suffix -liğ/-lığ.

Adjunct / Adverb[]

A noun or postposition is put into the instrumental case when it functions as an adjunct (adverb to a noun). A noun, postposition, or adjective receives the suffix -ti / -tı.

Derivatives and Suffixes[]

-(i/ı)ç

The first diminutive is used solely with the first person possessive suffixes, -(i/ı)m, to show a sense of the endearment of the object by the speaker. (anaçım = my [dearest] mom; güdegüçim = my [dearest] son-in-law).

-kine / -kını

The second diminutive which is used to give a sense of smallness or belittlement to the object by the speaker. (dağ mountain > dağkını hill ; gor town > gorkını off-the-map town)

-siğ / -sığ

Only used with adjectives, it means "similar to." (ağdunlı golden > ağdunlısığ gilded ; caşlı old/aged > caşlısığ aged-esuqe / elden-like)

-eyüt / -ayut

An honorific that is applied to white-collar-esque people and soldier (such as a merchant, a soldier, a business) as a form of respect, signigaling that they have honor. (serböz soldier > serbözeyüt honorable veteran)

-deş / -daş

Someone who is a follower of something, usually a religion.

-çi / -çı

It is used to name a language, an national group, or a profession.

-siz / -sız

Can be applied to both nouns and adjectives although meaning different things. When attached to nouns, it means, in essence, "without" or "a lack of." However, when attached to an adjective, it negates the quality of the adjective. (çeriide in an army > çeriidesiz without being in an army ; ağtunlı golden > ağtunlısız not-golden)

-(i/ü/ı/u)m

Only put on certain nouns and adjectives which are gendered to represent the feminine form of that noun (e.g. deniri, god > denirim, goddess)

Pronouns[]

Personal Pronouns[]

1st and 2nd

	1st		2nd
	Sing.	Plur.	Sing.	Plur.
Nominative	bün	büz	hin	hiz
Genitive	böning	bözing	hening	hezing
Dative	bona	büzne	hana	hizne
Accusative	böni	büzni	hini	hizni
Ablative	böntin	büznidin	hintin	hiznidin
Directional	bonaru	büznerü	hanaru	hiznerü
Semblative	bünleyi	büzleyi	hinleyi	hizleyi
Instrumental	bünde	büzde	hinde	hizde
Locative	bünte	büzte	hinte	hizte
Comparative	bürneḳ	bürzeḳ	hirneḳ	hirzeḳ

3rd and Determiner

Determiners, which are like adjectives, don't take cases; they stay in the "nominative" case (which is just the raw noun without being declined).

	Proximal				Distal
	Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural
	Mas/Neu	Fem	Mas/Neu	Fem	Mas/Neu	Fem	Mas/Neu	Fem
Nominative	bu	bum	bolar	bomlar	oğ / an	oğm	golar / anlar	gomlar
Genitive	bun	bunum	bolarnın	bomlarnın	anı	anım	golarnın	gomlarnın
Dative	buna	bunam	bolarka	bomlarka	ana	anam	golarka	gomlarka
Accusative	bunı	bunım	bolarnı	bomlarnı	anı	anım	golarnı	gomlarnı
Ablative	buntın	buntınım	bolardın	bomlardın	antın	antınım	golardın	gomlardın
Directional	birü	-	birüler	-	anaru	anarum	golarğaru	gomlarğaru
Semblative	bünleyü	bünleyüm	bünler	bümler	enleyü	enleyüm	golarayu	gomlarayu
Instrumental	bunu	bunum	bunular	bunumlar	anın	anınım	golarnın	gomlarnı
Locative	bunta	buntam	bolarda	bomlarda	anta	antam	golarda	gomlarda
Comparative	borneḳ	bornekim	bolarneḳ	bomlarneḳ	anaq	anakım	golarnaq	gomlarnaq

Verbs[]

Conjugation[]

The conjugation of a verb is done through various suffixes (as with nouns).

BASE.non-finite marker.mood-voice-tense-person/number

Item: positive morpheme, negative morpheme; a dash, /, indicates before vowel/before consonant

Mood:
- Indicative: -∅-
- Potential: ü- / u-
- Continuous: ir- / ır-
Voice
- Active: -∅-
- Passive: -il-/-iğ- / -ıl-/-ığ (*potential passive: üül-/üüğ-/uul-/uuğ-)
Tense
- Present: -∅-, -m(e/a)-
  - Causative Present: -d(i/ü)r-/-d(ı/u)r-, -d(i/ü)rme-/-d(ı/u)rma-
- Perfect: -miş-/-mış-, -medök-/-medöç-/-madok-/-madoq-
  - Causative Perfect: -d(i/ü)rmiş-/-d(i/u)rmış-, -d(i/ü)rmedöç-/-d(ı/u)rmadoq-
- Future: -eğ-/-ağ-, -meçi-/-maçı-
  - Causative Future: -d(i/ü)reğ-/-d(ı/u)rağ-, -d(i/ü)rmeçi-/-d(ı/u)rmaçı-
- Conditional: -ser-/-sar-, -mezer-/-mazar-
  - Causative Conditional: -d(i/ü)rzer-/-d(ı/u)rzar-, -d(i/ü)rmezer-/-d(ı/u)rmazar-
Person/Number
- Non-volitional
  - 1st sing.: -(i/ı)m
  - 2nd sing.: -(i/ı)n
  - 3rd sing.: -(s)i / -(s)ı
  - 1st plur.: -(i)miz / -(ı)mız
  - 2nd plur.: -(i)niz / -(ı)nız
  - 3rd plur.: -(s)iler / -(s)ılar
- Volitional
  - 1st sing.: -eğm / -ağm
  - 2nd sing.: -eğn / -ağn
  - 3rd sing.: -zün / -zun
  - 1st plur.: -(e)lim / -(a)lım
  - 2nd plur.: -(e)lin / -(a)lın
  - 3rd plur.: -zünler / -zunlar
Infinitive / Participle: -meḳ/-maq
- Causative Infinitive/Pariticple: -d(i/ü)rmeḳ/-d(ı/u)rmaq
Gerund and verbal noun: -ğli/-ğel, -ğlı/-ğal
- Causative gerund / verbal noun: -dirğel, -dırğal
Gerundive/converb: -ğlti/-ğelti, -ğltı/-ğaltı

Copulae and Auxillaries[]

The simple copula (as in, the copula presenting equals: "he is happy", "that is a tree", "we are here") is er-. It is placed before nouns as a sort of prefix ("It is a tree" = an er-hööt).

The "place-holder subject" (i.e., "there is" / "there are") is bar-, positive, or yek-, negative.

The epistemic auxillary is bol- / boğ-.

Clitics and Particles[]

The vowel of the head noun affects the vowel of the clitic/particle.

eḳ / aq : emphatic particle ; before the head
ceḳ / caq : "just", "exactly", "right" ; it functions as a pseudo-definite article, but can be placed on any part of speech ; before the head
-mu / -mü : interrogative particle (although, it can be treated as a suffix on verbs; then it will be placed at the very end of the complete conjugated verb) ; after / suffixed to the head
gen / gın : functions like ceḳ/caq but for temporal adverbs ; before the head
en / an : makes a superlative ; before the head
deki / dakı : makes a positive comparative ; before the head
asdakı : makes a negative comparative ; before the head
ici / ıdı : emphasizes a nominal/temporal negative (like "never", "nothing", "no where") ; before the head
nen / nan : emphasizes a qualitative/quantitative negative (like "not any", "neither") ; before the head

Syntax[]

Lexicon and Texts[]

Swadesh List[]

English	Nureki	Old/Pre Turkic	Notes	Translation
English	Nureki	Old/Pre Turkic	Notes	Tajik	Uzbek	Turkish
Tree	daraq	-		дарахт daraxt	daraxt	ağaç
Flower	guğ	-	gul- prevocalically	гул gul	gul	çiçek
Blood	gan	kan		хун xun	qon	kan
Heart	cüreḳ	yürek		дил dil	yurak	yürek
Liver	ciğer	-		ҷигар jigar	jigar	karaciğer
To Eat	ceemeḳ	jē	Stem is cee-	хӯрдан xūrdan	yemoq	yemek
To Bite	dişlemeḳ	-		газидан xurdan	tishlamoq	ısırmak
To Laugh	göğmeḳ	kül-	Stem is göğ-/gül-	хандидан xandidan	kulmoq	gülmek
To Hear	işitmeḳ	eşit-		шунидан šunidan	ko‘rmoq	görmek
To Know	böğmeḳ	bil-	Stem is böğ-/bül-	донистан donistan	bilmoq	bilmek
To Think	oylamaq	-		андешидан andešidan	o‘ylamoq	düşünmek
To Consider	hanmaq	san-		-	-	-
To Smell (s/th)	iskemeḳ	-		бӯй кардан būy kardan	isqamoq	koklamak
To Fear	gurçmaq	-	Stem is gurç-/gurk-	тарсидан tarsidan	qo‘rqmoq	korkmak
To Come	geğmeḳ	kel	Stem is gel-/geğ-	омадан omadan	kelmoq	gelmek
Sun	güneş	küneş		хуршед xuršed	quyosh	güneş
Moon	ay	-		моҳ moh	oy	ay
Star	cuğduz			ситора sitora	yulduz	yıldız
Water	suu	sub/suv		об ob	suv	su
Salt	duz	tuz		намак namak	tuz	tuz
Salt (poetic)	namaq	-		намак namak	tuz	tuz
Stone	gum	kum		санг sang	qum	kum
Name	aat	at		ном nom	ot, nom	ad

Al-Fatihah (الفاتحة)[]

(1) En mehribön we ırahım aatın bülen Allahnın: 
(2) bütün hemd Allahda, Bodşa alamlarnın! 
(3) En mehribön we ırahım, 
(4) Bodşa eeğmenliğ gunnını ükümnin, 
(5) Hin gimi yödelim yağnıztı we Hin gimi yardamka uçun huralım yağnıztı. 
(6) Büzni cularu doğru hadaağn:
(7) cul bolarnın gimi Hin bermişeğn, we nan

الفاتحة
	Nureki	English	Turkish	Uzbek	Tajik
1:1	En mehribön we ırahım aatın bülen Allahnın:	In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.	Rahmân ve Rahîm olan Allah'in ismiyle.	Меҳрибон ва раҳмли Аллоҳнинг номи билан бошлайман	Ба номи Худованди бахшояндаи меҳрубон!
1:1	most gracious and merciful name.INST with Allah.GEN		Rahmân ve Rahîm olan Allah'in ismiyle.	Mehribon va rahmli Allohining nomi bilan boshlayman.	Ba nomi Xudovandi baxšoyandan mehrubon!
1.2	bütün hemd Allahda, Bodşa alamlarnın!	[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -	Hamd o âlemlerin Rabbi,	Барча мақтов, шукрлар оламларнинг тарбиячиси Аллоҳга бўлсин.	Ситоиш Худоро, ки Парвардигори ҷаҳониён аст.
1.2	all-praise Allah.LOC, King.NOM world.PLUR.GEN	[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds -	Hamd o âlemlerin Rabbi,	Barcha maqtov, shukrlar olamlarning tarbiyachisi Allohga bo‘lsin.	Sitoiš Xydoro, ki Parvardigori jahoniyon ast.
1.3	En mehribön we ırahım,	The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,	O Rahmân ve Rahim,	У Роҳман ва Раҳийм...	Бахшояндаи меҳрубон,
1.3	most gracious and merciful	The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful,	O Rahmân ve Rahim,	U Rohman va Rahiym...	Baxšoyandan mehrubon,
1.4	Bodşa eeğmenliğ gunnını ükümnin,	Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.	O, din gününün maliki Allah'in.	У қиёмат кунининг подшоҳи, эгаси.	Фармонравои рӯзи ҷазо.
1.4	king.NOM sovereign day.GEN.3rd-poss judgement.GEN	Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.	O, din gününün maliki Allah'in.	U qiyomat kunining podshohi, egasi.	Farmonravoi rūzi jazo.
1.5	Hin gimi cödelim cağnıztı we Hin gimi yardamka uçun huralım cağnıztı	It is You we worship and You we ask for help.	Ancak sana ederiz kullugu, ibadeti ve ancak senden dileriz yardimi, inayeti.	Фақат сенгагина ибодат қиламиз ва фақат сендангина ёрдам сўраймиз.	Танҳо Туро мепарастем ва танҳо аз Ту ёри меҷӯем.
1.5	You.NOM which.ACC worship.VOL.1st-plur alone.ADV and You.NOM which.ACC help.DAT for ask.VOL.1st-plur alone.ADV	It is You we worship and You we ask for help.		Faqat sengagina ibodat qilamiz va faqat sendangina yordam so‘raymiz	Tanho Turo meparastem va tanho az Tu yori mejūem
1.6	Büzni cularu doğru hadaağn:	Guide us to the straight path -	Hidayet eyle bizi doğru yola,	Бизни тўғри йўлга бошлагин.	Моро ба роҳи рост ҳидоят кун:
1.6	we.ACC path.DIR straight guide.VOL.2nd-sing	Guide us to the straight path -	Hidayet eyle bizi doğru yola,	Bizin to‘g‘ri yo‘lga boshlagin	Moro ba rohi rost hidoyat kun:
1.7	cul bolarnın gimi Hin bermişeğn, we nan golarnın gimi Hini gazaw gazğanmışağn ya nan golarnın gimi Hintin dulaşmışzun	The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.	O kendilerine nimet verdigin mutlu kimselerin yoluna; o gazaba uğramislarin ve o sapmişlarin yoluna değil.	Ўзинг неъмат берганларнинг йўлига (бошлагин), ғазабга дучор бўлганларнинг йўлига эмас, адашганларникига ҳам эмас.	роҳи касоне, ки онҳоро неъмат додаи, на хашмгирифтагонӣ бар онҳо ва на гумроҳон.
1.7	path.NOM these.GEN which.ACC You.NOM give.PERF.VOL-2nd-sing, and not- those.GEN which.ACC You.NOM.3rd-sing-poss anger earn.PERF.VOL-2nd-sing or not- those.GEN which.ACC You.ABL walk-away.PERF.VOL-3rd-sing			O‘zing neemat berganlarning yo‘liga (boshlagin), g‘azabga duchor bo‘lganlarning yo‘liga emas adashganlarnikiga ham emas.	rohi kasone, ki onhoro ne'mat dodai, na xašmgiriftagonī bar onho va na gymrohon

Sound Changes[]

Key: V - vowel | C - consonant | $ - syllable | f - front vowels | b - back vowel | B - labial consonant | % - around (ie. before or after) | A - alveolar | Y - palatal consonant, [j], [i], or [g] | Ä - {e/æ ɑ} | Ö - {ø o} | Ü - {y u} | Ï - {i ɯ} | V^↓ - falling diphthong | f - front consonant

h > Ø
j > dʒ / #_
b > w / _#, _C
V[+round] > V[-round] / _{k ɲ tʃ}
V[-round] > V[+round] / B_
V[-round] > V[+round] / $̀[+round]_
V[+round] > V[-round] / $̀[-round]_
∅ > ɯ / #_{r tʃ p} 
∅ > ɯ / C_r
{m v n} > {b b d} / #_
{ø o} > {y u} / $́_ , Ɵ́
{a ɯ o u} > {æ i ø y} / _Y
{k g ŋ} > {tʃ dʒ n} / A_
{ɲ ŋ} > n ; ɲ > jn / b́_
b > v / V_V
VCV̀CV > VCCV
Cr > rC
{k g}ʃ > ʃ{k g}
l > ɣ / _C, _#
g > ɣ ! #_
æ > e
{p t k tʃ} > {b d g dʒ} / #_
{ɣ v} > ∅ / V_V
s > h / #_
v > w / #_
{ó ú ɯ́} > g{ó ú ɯ́} / #_
{Ö Ü}w > {Ö Ü}:
ÖÜ > Ü:
Vɣ > V↓
k > q / $b_#, b_C
  > tʃ / f_C
  > c / $f_#

Notes :

/ä~a/ becomes /œ~o/ when rounded
/o/ becomes /ɑ/ when unrounded
Falling diphthong
1. {i e} > eɪ
2. {y ø} > ɵʏ
3. {ɯ u} > {ɯ u} (do not change)
4. o > oʊ
5. a > aɪ

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Best reasource: http://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/turks/Erdal_OTG.pdf (149)

Websites

https://quran.com/1 Qur'an
http://worldquran.com/quran-translation/turkish/al-fatiha.html Turkish Qur'an
http://tanzil.net/#trans/tg.ayati/1:2 Tajik Qur'an
http://tanzil.net/#trans/uz.sodik/1:2 Uzbek Qur'an
http://www.uzbek-dictionary.com/ Uzbek dictionary
http://www.turkishdictionary.net/?word=lord Turkish dictionary

My understanding of his notation:

/ä ï ü ö a/ > {æ ɯ y ø ɑ}

/č ŋ y ñ š/ > {tʃ ŋ j ɲ ʃ}

SOme Nureki words:

öğmeḳ - to praise (Old Turkic ög-)

ceön - lord
cödemeḳ - to worship
üçün/uçun - leading to, creating the result of, as the object of interest being (+LOC); because, as a result of (+DIR); since, according to, as per (+ABL); for, with the intent to, in order to (+DAT) (Old Turkic üçün)
cul - road (Old Turkic yol)
cağnız - only, alone (Old Turkic yalıŋuz)
hurğalı - to ask (Old Turkic sor-)
yardam - help
doğru - straight, direct, clear, right (Old Turkic toğru)
hadamaq - to guide, to lead (Arabic هَدَى, hadā)
hiday - guidance (Arabic هِدَايَة, hidāya)
bermeḳ - to give (Old Turkic ber)
gazğanmaq - to earn, to win, to gain (Old Turkic kazgan-)
gazaw - anger
dulaşmaq - to walk away (+ABL), to wander
guş - bird
ötmeḳ - to sing [of animals], to crow, to make [pleasent animal] noises (Old Turkic öt-)
cocuq - children (Old Turkic çocuk)
göynamaq - to play (Old Turkic oyna-)
gıt - dog (Old Turkic ıt)
üürmeḳ - to bark, to bay, to blow, to make [a loud/ugly] noise (Old Turkic ǖr-)
arı - bee (Old Turkic arı)
wiziğdemeḳ - to buzz, to hum, [of machines] to whirr
baaği - baby
haçmaq - to shine, to emit, to radiate; (+INST) to sow, to scatter, to sprinkle (Old Turkic saç-)
maşına - (colloquial) car, compact car (Russian машина mašína)
aftomobıl - (formal) car, automobil (Russian автомобил avtomobil) ; afto - (casual) car (Russian авто avtó)
daşka - car, wagon, a car that rides bumpely (pej.), carriage (Russian тачка tačka)
araba - passanger car, taxi, uber, carriage (can be pej.) (Arabic عربة ‘araba)
buşlamaq - to begin, to start, to initiate (+DAT), to commence (Old Turkic başla-)
möçtew - school (Arabic مَكْتَبْ maktab)
yanı - new (Old Turkic yaŋı)
yandıntı - again, anew, still, once again [the same way] (yaŋı + -din/-dın + -tı)
yanarutı - again, from the top, once more [in a different way] (yaŋı + -erü/-aru + -tı)
nerces - narcissus, daffodil (Persian نرگس narges)
haağmaq - to sway, to undulate, to oscillate
boqtı - happy
ağkış - applause (Old Turkic alkış)
ağkışmaq - to acclaim, to applaud (Old Turkic alkış + -gali)
ağ - [adj] blood red, crimson, dark red (Old Turkic al)
ağ - [noun] a purchased item (from Old Turkic al-)
ağmaq - to take, to buy, to purchase (Old Turkic al-)
alın - forehead (Old Turkic alın)
ağrı - pain, ache, soreness (Old Turkic agrı)
ağrımaq - to ache, to be sore, to be distressed (from Old Turkic agrı)
aaçı - [noun] sharp pain, pinch, sting; [adj] spicy, sour, bitter (of food), bitter, angry, betrayed (of people) (from Old Turkic āçı-)
aaçmaq - (continuous) to get sour, to get bitter (of food); (+ABL, +passive) to be betrayed; (+DIR) to get angry at, to get bitter towards; (non-vol, intr.) to be stung, to get pinched
dağ - mountain (Old Turkic tağ)
daş - stone, rock (Old Turkic taş)
daşmaq - (+ACC) to stone someone; (+DIR) to throw stones at something (from Old Turkic taş + -mak)
cağ - oil, fat, grease (Old Turkic yag)
cağmaq - to grease something up; (+reflexive) to eat a lot of fattening foods (usually with past tense. insinuating a stomach ache) (from Old Turkic yag + -mak)
gız - girl (Old Turkic kız)
buş - [adj] empty, unoccupied (Old Turkic boş)
buşmaq - to vacate some place (Old Turkic boş + -mak)
gurmaq - to hit, pound, beat (Old Turkic ur- + -maq)
gürümçeḳ - spider (Old Turkic örümçek)
gürmeḳ - to braid, to weave, to sew (Old Turkic ör- + -mak)
cüz - hundred (Old Turkic yüz)
hınar - deaf (Old Turkic sıŋar)
hınarmagar - to make someone deaf (Old Turkic sıŋar + -mak + -gar-)
dotmaq - to hold, to catch, to grip, to grab; to find out, to ascertain (+DIR) (Old Turkic tut + -mak)
dutğal - physical evidence, proof (converb from duğmaq from Old Turkic tuğdı)
duğmaq - to be born; to emerge [from an extended period of being gone], to rise [of a celestial body] (+ABL) (Old Turkic tuğdı + -mak)
duud - birth (from Old Turkic tuğdı)
dürmeḳ - to multiply, to breed, to populate, to give rise to [of an idea], to originate [a movement] (Old Turkic töri + mak)
düz - ancestery, elders, foundation, forefathers (from Old Turkic töz from töri)
dürğel - a given population, a sample population; (poetic) progeny, inspirations (backformation from dürmeḳ then regularized with the converb suffix -ğel; from Old Turkic töri + mak)
deniri - God (Old Turkic teŋri)
dawn - sole [human] (Old Turkic taban)
adaq - paw, foot, sole [animal] (Old Turkic adak)
duburmaq - to dry out, to dry (Old Turkic topur)
guruğ - (adj.) dry, lacking in moisture (Old Turkic kurıg)
duburğal - a leather or dried-meat product (coverb from Old Turkic topur-)
caş - age (Old Turkic yaş)
oğr - luck, fortune (Old Turkic oğur)
oğriğ dotmaq - to be lucky, to have good fortune (+ABL)
ınıtmaq - to forget (Old Turkic unıt-)
serböz - soldier (Persian سرباز, sarbâz)
çeriğ - army (Old Turkic çerig)
gordumaq - to rule, to govern [authoritarianly], to lead [strongly], to enforce, to head [an army] (Old Turkic ordu)
gordudurmaq - to make a coup d'état (Old Turkic ordu + causative -dur-)
güğmeḳ - to die (from Old Turkic öl)
güğdürmeḳ - to kill (from Old Turkic öl + causative -dür-)
ciçeḳ - flower (Old Turkic çiçek)
üştin - [noun] (the) top, (the) summary, (the) review (+GEN) (Old Turkic üstin)
büdmeḳ - to get done, to complete, to finish, to come to an end; [refl] to be grown (Old Turkic büt-)
üzü/uzu - above, on top of (+LOC); up towards, up on top of (+DIR); up above from, up from (+ABL); over, over across from (+DAT) (Old Turkic üze)
şiş - skewer (Old Turkic şiş)
dağ - [large] branch (all senses) (Old Turkic tal)
cıbıq - twig, small branch (also taxonomical) (Old Turkic çıpık)
cöp - offshoot branch, offshoot [of something] (+GEN), an extra and unnecessary addition (+GEN) (Old Turkic çöp)
cöp - [adj] extra, unnecessary (from Old Turkic çöp)
cöpdürmeḳ - to make something unnecessary (from Old Turkic çöp + -dür- + -mak)
gor - town (Old Turkic or)
şeer - city (Persian شهر šahr)
gut - [adj] blessed [by God], luck [of God] (Old Turkic kut)
hüt - milk (Old Turkic süt)

Example words

uz - to make, to be able to
sıgır - cattle
yat - to bend, incline, lie
siŋür - digest
tat - taste
ut - win
elig - hand
alaŋ - area
udu - following, after
büt - to come to an end, be perfected
buzagu - calf
bulıt - cloud
tık - to stuff
tik - to erect
sık - to squeeze
kır - mountain
kir - filth
ırk - omen
irk - ram
-lig - adjective
-kiña - endearment to children and object
-iç - endearment for family
-iš - cooperation/vying
-ka - dative
-lar - plural
ber - to give
-ma - negative
-sig - diminutive
-siz - privative
-kiña - locative
-ça - instrumental
karı - old, to get old
tariŋ - deep
agri - bent
-siz - without
-sig / -dam - "similar to" or "trying to be like" the noun
-agut - profession
kolo - moment
köŋül - spirit
kövdöŋ - body
ordo - army camp
oron - place
orto - middle
osog - manner
öŋöç - larynx
sögöt - tree
toko - belt buckle
tokoz - nine
töpö - hill, top
törö - teaching
yogon - thick
yogto - mane
odog - awake
ogol - son
bodo- - to paint, copy
olor- - to sit
odon- - to wake up, be awake
topol- - to pierce
altun - gold
küdägü - son-in-law
-mati - gerund