By all means, take a look around. Thank you.
This page is basically a English-translated English-rewritten version of 帕提语 on a Chinese conlang wiki. No, even further. I started re-writing the original Chinese version basing on this page.
Patchélogue | |||||||||||||
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Type | Fusional | ||||||||||||
Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
Head direction | Mixed, Basically initial | ||||||||||||
Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
Genders | 2 | ||||||||||||
Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
Case | Number | ||||||||||||
Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
Person | Number | ||||||||||||
Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
Meta-information | |||||||||||||
Progress | 83% | ||||||||||||
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Creator | Skedye#(Who was once 简体中文使用者). |
⎣2̣ɀ̇ƍ̇ẟ̣⎤⎣2̣ɀ̇ƍ̇ẟ̣⎤
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Classification and Dialects[]
Patchélogue(/ˌpʌ'tʃeɪlɒg/, Vżɑƞı̣nṣK/pʰɐ'tʃʰɛlok̚/, lit."Language of patchouli") is an artlang created by Kaihan Zhang, a Chinese student. The language was once named "Patigul", only to be found unexpectedly identical to an existing Uyghur name.
The language is spoken by about 120 million people in its universe where Patchékyo exists, and is the official language of it. Numerous dialectical varieties also exist.
Patchékyo(Vżɑqı̗ᴚıṣS/'pʰatʃʰɛkʰɪəʊ/, lit."Land of patchouli") is a vast and powerful empire that exists only in an alternative universe. Cliché, huh?
Neither the name "Patchélogue" nor "Patchékyo" is the accurate transcription of their real Patchélogue name, but the anglolization of "Patshélog" and "Patshékyow". (Why, of course, Patchékyans don't even know, for latin letters never exist in their universe.)
Phonology[]
Vowel[]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i‧y | ɨ | u |
Mid | e | o | |
Low | ᴀ |
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Plosive | plain | p⁼ | t⁼ | k⁼(c⁼) | ʔ | ||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ(cʰ) | ||||
Fricative | f | s | ʃ | (ç) | x | ||
Africative | plain | t͡s⁼ | t͡ʃ⁼ | (t͡ɕ⁼) | |||
aspirated | t͡sʰ | t͡ʃʰ | (t͡ɕʰ) | ||||
Approximant | ʋ~w | l(ɫ) | ɹ̱ | j |
- [h/kʰ/k⁼] are palatalised [ç/cʰ/c⁼] before [i].
- [pʰ/tʰ/kʰ] are disaspiratised [p⁼/t⁼/k⁼] after[s/ʃ], the spelling also change.
- [p⁼/t⁼/k⁼] are unreleased [p̚/t̚/k̚] at the end of a syllable, expect when ends with two consonants like [lt⁼].
Syllables[]
Structure[]
The maximal syllable structure is CCCSVSCCC, where C is a consonant , S is an semivovel and V is a vowel.
- [ŋ] is not restricted to codas and [x] is not restricted for onset neither.
- [ʔ] is restricted to codas.
- [tʰl] is a legal consonant culster in Patchélogue, while [t⁼l] is never detected.
About semivowels:
- Except in some interjections, the two semivowels must be different.
- An semivowel never preceed its vowel counterpart, unless it is part of the diphthone before: ᑫɒჽ̣sჽ̣snży(Stowowlaf)Rock-snow and ᑫɒჽ̣sꚃ̇nı̣q(Stowules)Rock-sadness. (However, the letters changes their shapes.)
A consonant cluster can have up two consonants normally, though /sp⁼l/ and /sk⁼l/ exists too. For consonant clusters, the following restrictions obtain:
- /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/ never succeed /s/, or they become /p⁼/, /t⁼/ and /k⁼/.
- No affricates, /ʔ/, /ŋ/ or /x/ in complex onsets.
- The first consonant must be a obstruent(stops, fricatives and affricates); combinations like /nta/ or /lta/, with a sonorant, are banned in Patchélogue.
- If the first consonant in a complex onset is not /s/, the second must be a liquid. (Glides are considered not consonants, but semi vowels.)
- An obstruent after a nasal must be homorganic with it; /mt⁼a/ does bot occur.
The rules above only apply to consonants in single word roots. In culsters formed by forming conpound words, only the "s-dispirit" rule apply.
Dividing[]
Before dividing a compound word, it should be noticed the consonant culsters shpuld be devided so as they follow the rules above for consonant culsters.
If there are odd number of consonants between syllables, the later gets one more consonant than the former. As in Viᴚ‧qĸiɑżʌ(Pik-sgitab)picture book. If there are even number of them, they will get same amount of consonants. As in Zṡn‧ᴚiɑżʌ(Rul-kitab)rule book. But affricatives are treated as single consonant: As in vż‧ɑƞı̗(pa-tshé)patchouli.
Even thought they are sometimes realized as part of diphthones instead of "consonants", the rules above applys to approximals as well: Z̄‧ɑżı‧sż(A-tay-wa).
Stress[]
Words are stressed on the second-to-last syllable, and nonstandard stress is indicated by an accent mark over the vowel of the stressed syllable.
The stress of a (Consonant)-Vowel-Consonant(s)-Vowel word is commonly on the last vowel, the accentvmask is only used when not: Z̄ɑżı(A'tay)We S̱vżı(O'pay)Breast
- A V-coda verb can have its stress not on its stem, but on the "e" after it.
- ṣqı̗u(Osélh)"to teach" → ṣqı̗(Osé)"I teach" → ṣqı̗ʎżq(Osémas)"We teach"
The suffixes never affect a word's stress: the stress of qżʌżn‧ż('sabal-a)"cat-ɴᴏᴍ" is still on the "sa", not on the second-to last syllable like "sab'ala". Pay attention to that it is not considered a "nonstandard" stress.
As for compound words, the stress is on the last word's original stress.
Writing System[]
Patchélogue is written in Higilaya(ᖷiĸinżıZ̄/çic⁼i'laja/, lit."Script of saint"), which looks like Latin letters, for it was created after a group of ancient barbarians discovered some English comic books a time-traveller left.
The Latin transliteration given below is never used by Patchékyo people, only by the author, in order to make Patchélogue more readable to real people.
There are recently 26 letters in Higilaya, starting with "Patshé"(V), ending with "Eyki"(I̱):
Letter | Vv ʋ | Yy ʯ | Λʌ л | ⅄ʎ ɦ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Vżɑƞı̗ ‹Patshé› | Ynżb ‹Flan› | Λı̣ɑż ‹Beta› | ⅄iʎż ‹Mima› |
Phonetic | pʰ ‹p› | f ‹f› | p⁼ ‹b› | m ‹m› |
Letter | Ɑɑ ɑ | ᑫq ɋ | Dɒ ɒ | Ьb ɓ |
Name | Ɑṡƞı̗ ‹Tushé› | ᑫʎiɒż ‹Smida› | Dı̣nɑż ‹Delta› | Ьiʎż ‹Nima› |
Phonetic | tʰ ‹t› | s ‹s› | t⁼ ‹d› | n ‹n› |
Letter | ꓘᴚ ᴚ | ᖷʞ ʞ | 𝖪ĸ ʀ | ᖶk ƙ |
Name | ꓘḷı ‹Key› | ᖷṣᴚṣ ‹Homo› | Kḷı ‹Gey› | Πik ‹Ling› |
Phonetic | kʰ ‹k› | x ‹h› | k⁼ ‹g› | ŋ ‹ng› |
Letter | Πn n | ᒣƞ ɳ | Цu u | Lև և |
Name | Πḷı ‹Ley› | ᒣiĸʎż ‹Shigma› | Πḷı‧ɒṡq ‹Ley-dos› | Lṣᴚibż ‹Qokina› |
Phonetic | l ‹l› | ʃ ‹sh› | Final ɫ ‹lh› | ʔ ‹q› |
Letter | Xx ᦸ | |||
Name | Ɑıṣsxṣb ‹Tyowwon›/Dƞṣkṣb ‹Dshoqon› | |||
Phonetic | duplicate the letter before it, or its corresponding semivowel. |
Letter | Iı ı | Zz z | Ss s |
---|---|---|---|
Name | Sżqżı ‹Wasay› | Zinżı ‹Rilay› | Iżʌżı ‹Yabay› |
Phonetic | y ‹y› | ɹ ‹r› | w ‹w› |
Letter | S̄ṡ s̀ | Z̄ż z̀ | Īi ì |
Name | S̄qż ‹Usa› | Z̄ıż ‹Aya› | Īᴚṡ ‹Ꮖku› |
Phonetic | u/ʊ ‹u› | ᴀ/ɐ ‹a› | i/ɪ ‹i› |
Letter | S̱ṣ s̗ | Ẕẓ z̗ | I̱ı̣ ı̗ |
Name | S̱ᴚs̀ ‹Okú› | Ẕbıṡ ‹Eonyu› | I̱ıᴚi ‹Eyki› |
Phonetic | ɔ/o ‹o› | ɨ/ə ‹eo› | ɛ/e ‹e› |
Aside from single letters, there are some letter combinations that makes different pronounciations from provided above, although not every dialect reserved all the special pronounciations.
Letter | ɑq | ɒq | ɑƞ | ɒƞ | ṡı | ı̣s | ᴚi | ʞi | ĸi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phonetic | tsʰ ‹ts› | ts⁼ ‹ds› | tʃʰ ‹tsh› | tʃ⁼ ‹dsh› | y ‹uy› | ø ‹ew› | cʰi ‹ki› | çi ‹hi› | c⁼i ‹gi› |
Orthography[]
The letter Ley-dos ‹u› is the final form of normal letter Ley ‹n›, as greek letter sigma does.
- ᑫʌı̇u(Sbilh)Game + ꓘiɑżʌ(kitab)book → ᑫʌı̇nᴚiɑżʌ(Sbilkitab)Rule-book
Unless when appearing at the end of a word, ‹v›, ‹ɑ› and ‹ᴚ› won't appear behind ‹q›. If they had to, they only become ‹ʌ›, ‹ɒ› and ‹ĸ›.
- Viĸq(Piks)Picture + ꓘiɑżʌ(kitab)book → Viᴚqĸiɑżʌ(Piksgitab)Picture-book
When two plosives like p/t/k/b/d/g collide, the latter emerges the former and lengthens. When the two plosives have the same places of articulation, the latter letter becames the letter Qokina ‹և›.
- sżıɑ(wait)"out" + ʌı̣b(ben)"side"→ sżıɑʌı̣b(waitben)[waɪp̚p⁼ɛn]"outside"
- qżʌ(sab)"down" + ʌı̣b(ben)"side"→ qżևʌı̣b(saqben)[sɐp̚p⁼ɛn]"downside"
The letter Qokina is also used to prevent vowel tetters colliding: żıżևṣıṣ(ayaqoyo)topic of article
Syllable structure like /yi/ /wu/ or even /reo/ are banned in Patchélogue. When an approximant preceeds itself or its vowel counterpart, replace it with the the "Tyowwon letter" ‹x›:
- ⅄iᴚi(Miki)mouse + Iżʎż(Yama)mountain → ⅄iᴚixżʎż(mikiyama)mountain of mice
- Iẟ̣sᴚżı(Yowkay)Youkai + Iżʎż(Yama)mountain → Iẟ̣sᴚżıxżʎZ̄(YowkayyamA)Moutain of Youkai.
The vowels /u/ /i/ /eo/ are considered "weak" vovel. When two weak vowels collide, the priority of being analysed as an approximant is: eo>i=u. That is: /teoi/ /tieo/ /tiu/, and /tui/ are written as ɑzi(tri)ɑiz(tir)ɑsi(twi)ɑıṡ(tyu), instead of ɑẓı(teoy)ɑıẓ(tyeo)ɑṡı(tuy)ɑis(tiw). Two approximants appearing before or after one vovel is forbidden, for example, /rwa/ is not a legal syllable.
Alternative letter forms[]
Not to let words containing i/e/y/lh's become illegible in handwriting as Russian crusive does, the manuscript letters i/e stretch themselves when having maniscript y/lh around:
Normally | ı̇/ı̣ as in Yı̣(Fe)iron and Iı̣qż(Yesa)leaf |
---|---|
With manuscript ı/u around | ȷ̇/ḷ as in ɑżʌl̗u Yḷıḷqż(tabél Feyesa)To eat an iron-leaf |
Thought too rare to occur, when "y" and "lh" collapse, Patchékyan linguists recommend using the non-final "l" form. Nobody ever cared for that though.
The letters o/u/w, a/eo/r have simillar variations, except they don't change forms around "lh".
- ɀ̇zɀ̇s S̱ᴚꚃ̇sჽ̣(araw Okuwo)around sky-ᴀᴄᴄ. The lengthened "eo" was too rare to appear.
The variants mentioned above don't exist in printing, but letters "a" and "eo" have printing variant the way latin letter a/g have:
Ꮖ̄ꮖ̇Ꮖ̱ꮖ̣ Z̄żɀ̇Ẕẓ2̣ |
ag ɑɡ |
However, in this article, the author prefers using the handwriting glyphs ‹Z̄żɀ̇Ẕẓ2̣›.
Punctuation[]
Punctuation | , | ₉ | ; | ⨟ | ⸲ | ₆ | ₉₉₉ | · |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Period | Comma | Exclam- ation |
Exclam- comma |
Same- subject period |
Subject comma |
Ellipsis | Hyphen |
Punctution | ⎣ ⎤ | ⎣⎣ ⎤⎤ | ◌̊ ◌̥ | ◌̆ ◌̯ | ◌̀ ◌̗ | |||
Name | Quotation marks |
Double quotation marks |
Rised- tone mark |
Ditto(Caps or handwriting) | Accent mark |
In some fonts, the quotation marks doesn't show properly. Here is whatvthey should look like: ⌊⌉
- ı̣ɒı̣b żynɒṣ ᴚı̣₉ ⎣ṣı⨟ Dṡ; ɑżʌı̗ ɒṡq vżb Λı̣ĸiɑbı̣ʎṣ₉ żsɑ₉₉₉ żsɑ nı̣ ⎣⎣qżbᴚṣ‧⅄ı̣ɑż‧nżo S̱ɑṣʎż⎤⎤₆ ʌzṣsᴚʌı̣ ɒṡq Ɑṡını̣b⸲ ni ɒṡq ᖷḷıxżsiɑ ᴚżʎʌı̣⸲ nı̇ ɒṡq ꓘṡᴚı̇sṣ qɒżyʌı̣ nż Λı̣ĸı̇ɑbiʎṣ, ɑz̊ʌi̊₉₉₉;⎤,
- And then I said: "Hey, you! Eat all your vegetables, or... or the '3-meter-tall man', will broke your door; come into your room; and stuff the vegetables in your mouth! Now, are you eating...!?".
If the quotation can be considered as a word in the sentence, punctions should be added both inside and outside the quotation. Otherwise, punctions should only be added inside the quotation marks.
- Sṣ żnżynɒı̣ ⎣żnṣʞżıṣs,⎤, (Wo alaflde "Alohayow.".) I didn't say "Hello".
- Sṣ₉ ⎣żnṣʞżıṣs,⎤ (Wo, "Alohayow.") Me: "Hello."
The final punction inside a quotation can be omitted if it is a period, unless it appears between a double quotation mark and a single quotation mark:
- Sṣ żynɒı̣ ⎣Sṣ żnżynɒı̣ ⎣⎣żnṣʞżıṣs⎤⎤,⎤, (Wo aflde "Wo alaflde 'Alohayow'.".) I said "I didn't say 'Hello'".
- Sṣ₉ ⎣żnṣʞżıṣs⎤ (Wo, "Alohayow") Me: "Hello"
If only the first half of the sentence needs exclaiming, an exclaim-comma should be used.
- ṣı⨟ Sṣ ꓘṣᴚṣɑ iu, (oy!, Wo Kokot ilh.) "Hey, I'm here!"
What would be called a "comma-spilt" in English is legal in Patchélogue, by using a specific "subject comma".
- ꓘṣnż₆ ɒı̣q Vı̣ʎʌisṣ(Kola, des Pembiwo.)*This, is a pen.
There is no question mark in Patchélogue. In interrogative sentences, there should be a rised tone(or linguistically, "suprafix") on the word being asked about, whose dots should be changed into rings (or "rised-tone mark"s):
- ꓘṣnṣ ɒı̣q ꓘı̥ıs̥. (kola des Kewo^?.) "This is what^?."
- Sı̥z ɑżʌɒı̣q ꓘṣnṣ. (wer^? tabdes Kolo) "Who^? ate this."
There is no colon in Patchélogue. A comma is placed wherever, in English, a colon would be used.
- Sṣ żynṣ₉ ⎣żnṣʞżıṣs,⎤, (Wo aflo, "Alohayow.".) I say:"Hello.".
The hyphen is used where English would use one. In addition, it is used in multy-word proper nouns, such as a book's name.
- Πż‧nżıḷbżıqʌṡ‧Kı̣bqṣsᴚıṣSṣɑ‧ƞı̣ɒiЦ (La-layenaysbu-GensowkyoWot-shediLh)The Plan to Harem-ize Gensoukyou
Capitalization[]
The first thing one should know about Patchélogic capitalization is: the beginning letter of a full sentence does not need to be capitalized. Yes, you read that right.
The first letter of any noun(including verbal noun) should be capitalized. And the last letter of a proper noun should be capitalized too. Case suffixes of proper nouns should be placed before the capitalized last letter.
- ᑫṡıᴚZ̄sż ɑżʌı̗ ꓘżıᴚisṣ,(SuykAwa tabé Kaykiwo.)"Suika eats cake."
- ᑫṡıᴚżsż ɑżʌı̗ ꓘżıᴚĪsṣ,(Suykawa tabé KaykᏆwo.)"Watermelon eats Keiki."
Non-nouns derived from proper nouns only need to capitalize the last letter, and this rule applys to family names as an adjective.
- VżɑƞıṣsnĪ‧bṣsnı̣ɒƞĪ(PatshyowlI-nowledshI) Patchouli Knowledge
Name of books, as is written as many words connected with hyphens, should be written in italics with its first and last letter capitalized. If a noun or another proper noun appears in it, the original capitalization is preserved:
- Πż‧nżıḷbżıqʌṡ‧Kı̣bqṣsᴚıṣSṣɑ‧ƞı̣ɒiЦ (La-layenaysbu-GensowkyoWot-shediLh)The Plan to Harem-ize Gensoukyou
Grammar[]
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Nouns | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[]
In Patchélogue, nouns decline basing on number and case. Gender is shown by other ways.
Number[]
Usually, plural form of a countable noun is made by adding plural suffix -ʎ(m) to the ending of the singular noun, except becoming -iʎ(im) after another "m".
- ᑫżʌżu(Sabalh)"cat" → ᑫżʌżnʎ(Sabalm)"cats"
- Ьı̣ʎ(Nem)"name" → Ьı̣ʎiʎ(Nemim)"names"
However, some nouns change irregularly.
- S̱ıṣ(oyo)"eye" → I̱ıḷ(eye)"eyes"
- S̱svżı(oupai)"boob, boobs"
When following a number, the noun should not be in pluratibe form. That is: never say "two boys" in Patcélogue, but "two boy".
In Patchélogue, uncountable(mass) nouns can have a "singular"(technically "singulative") form made by attaching a -b(n), or -ib(in) after another "n", after the stem.
- ʎizżı(miray)"rice" → ʎizżıb(mirayn)"a grain of rice"
- ᴚṣnżb(kolan)"coal" → ᴚṣnżbib(kolanin)"a piece of coal"
A "singulative" noun can have a plural form as well, but the plural suffix takes the "-im" form:
- yṡɒ(fud)food → yṡɒb(fudn)meal → yṡɒniʎ(fudnim)"meals"
Case[]
4 "regular" cases are marked in Patchélogue, They are:
- 1st case: like Nominative.
- 2nd case: like Ablative, also used as Genetive, Instrumental
- 3rd case: like Allative, also used as Dative, Beneficial.
- 4th case: like Accusative
Take a sentence in both English and Patchélogue for example:
We take your money to the king from (your) home to the palace by (our) hands for the country.
Z̄ɑżısż S̱ɑı̣ʎı̣ ᖷżqı̣ nż Vı̣niqi ɑṡᴚiʎżq ɒṡq ⅄ṣnisṣ nı̣ Zı̣ĸi nż Kṣĸżsi.
End | Original (Vocalative) |
Nominative | ablative | Dative | Accusative |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | ʎiᴚi(miki) | ʎiᴚisż(mikiwa) | ʎiᴚisı̣(mikiwe) | ʎiᴚisi(mikiwi) | ʎiᴚisṣ(mikiwo) |
Vowel | qżʌżu(sabalh) | qżʌżnż(sabala) | qżʌżnı̣(sabale) | qżʌżni(sabali) | qżʌżnṣ(sabalo) |
Some verb changes its whole meaning when followed by nouns in different cases.
ꓘṣyż ɒı̣ɑ Dı̇ĸı̇ɑyı̣ɒbż, (Kola det Digitledca.) |
ꓘṣyż ɒı̣ɑ Dı̇ĸı̇ɑyı̣ɒbṣ, (Kola det Digitledco.) |
It is mathNᴏᴍ. ɒı̣ɑ(det) used as "is". |
It does mathAᴄᴄ. ɒı̣ɑ(det) used as "does". |
placeholder | commingsoon. |
Besides four "regular" cases, Patigulh also features four other "sub-cases" used for preposition phrases, infinitibe phrases and gerund phrases. It is formed by symply attaching "t" after normal case suffixes.
Sub-cases are used for preposotion, infinitive, adjective phrases, and gerunds.
- ḷu I̱ıḷsżɑ ɒżı Πṣnisż ᴚżʎı̣(el Eyewat day Loli kame.)"A big-eyed girl comes."
- Sṣɑ Ɑżʌṡk ᑫṡıᴚżʎṣɑ qżvniƞɒż ᑫṡıᴚZ̄sṣ(Wot Tabung Suikamen saplishda SuiḱAwo)"My eating watermelons surprises Suika."
I'm not sure what this phenomenon is actually called among real linguists. The most similar term I found is "Oblique-Nominative/Ablative/etc." but I doubt if it does makes sense.
Gender[]
There are 2 genders in Patchélogue, which is not divided by sеx but by consciousity. It is mainly shown by changing the article of the noun.
It should be noticed that a noun's gender isn't fixed. For example, a train can be conscious when operated by a driver, a person can be unconscious when knocked out.
Three kinds of word agree with the noun's gender: articles(as menitoned below), verbs in 3rd/4th person declension and third personal pronoun ᒣi/Ɑż(Shi/Ta)it-ᴄɴsᴄ/it-ᴜɴsᴄ.
Among the verbs, a special verb ju/żu(ilh/alh)exist-ᴄɴsᴄ/exist-ᴜɴsᴄ conjugates irregularly by gender, not only in 3rd/4th person declension.
⅄ı̣ᴚżʎṣʌisż ɒı̣ ꓘṣᴚṣɑ żu, Ɑżb ɒżɑ ɒżı, Mekamobiwa de kokot alh. Tan dat day. A.ᴜɴsᴄ machine-mobile-ɴᴏᴍ at ᴩʀᴏx-ᴩʟᴀᴄᴇ-s.ᴀᴄᴄ exist.ᴜɴsᴄ . 3ʀᴅ.ᴜɴsᴄ.ɴᴏᴍ ᴄᴏᴩ.ᴩʀᴇ.3sg.ᴜɴsᴄ big . There is a (unoperated)train. It is big. |
⅄ı̣ᴚżʎṣʌisż ɒı̣ ꓘṣᴚṣɑ ju, ᒣib ɒı̣q ɒżı, Mekamobiwa de kokot ilh. Shin des day. A.ᴄɴsᴄ machine-mobile-ɴᴏᴍ at ᴩʀᴏx-ᴩʟᴀᴄᴇ-s.ᴀᴄᴄ exist.ᴄɴsᴄ . 3ʀᴅ.ᴄɴsᴄ.ɴᴏᴍ ᴄᴏᴩ.ᴩʀᴇ.3sg.ᴄɴsᴄ big . There is a (operated)train. It is big. |
Pronouns[]
In Patchélogue, pronouns are divided as personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns.
Personal pronouns[]
Personal pronouns pluralize based on person, number, case and gender(3rd pronoun only).
There are three different methods to decline, but the declensions of sub-cases are same: adding "t" after the normal case form.
(Vocalative) | Nominative | (Genetive) | Ablative | Dative | Accusative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st
sg. |
Normal | Sṣ(Wo) | Sṣ(wo) | sṣq(wos) | Sṣq(Wos) | Siz(Wir) | Si(Wi) |
Polite | ⅄ṡ(Mu) | ⅄ṡ(Mu) | ʎṡq(mus) | ⅄ṡq(Mus) | ⅄iz(Mir) | ⅄i(Mi) | |
2nd
sg. |
Normal | Dṡ(Du) | Dṡ(Du) | ɒṡq(dus) | Dṡq(Dus) | Diz(Dir) | Di(Di) |
Polite | Ьṣb(Non) | Ьṣb(Non) | ƞṣq(nos) | Ьṣq(Nos) | Ьiz(Nir) | Ьib(Nin) |
(Vocalative) | Nominative | (Genetive) | Ablative | Dative | Accusative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd
sg. |
Conscious | Ɑż(Ta) | Ɑżz(Tar) | ɑżq(tas) | Ɑżq(Tas) | Ɑżʎ(Tam) | Ɑżb(Tan) |
Unconscious | ᒣi(Ci) | ᒣiz(Cir) | ƞiq(cis) | ᒣiq(Cis) | ᒣiʎ(Cim) | ᒣib(Cin) | |
4th sg. | ᑫṡ(Su) | ᑫṡz(Sur) | qṡq(sus) | ᑫṡq(Sus) | ᑫṡʎ(Sum) | ᑫṡb(Sun) | |
Interrogative | Sı̣(We) | Sı̣z(Wer) | sı̣q(wes) | Sı̣q(Wes) | Sı̣ʎ(Wem) | Sı̣b(Wen) |
(Vocalative) | Nominative | (Genetive) | Ablative | Dative | Accusative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st
pl. |
Exclusive | Z̄ɑżı(Atay) | Z̄ɑżısż(Ataywa) | żɑżısı̣(ataywe) | Z̄ɑżısı̣(Ataywe) | Z̄ɑżısi(Ataywi) | Z̄ɑżısṣ(Ataywo) |
Inclusive | Z̄bɑżı(Antay) | Z̄bɑżısż(Antaywa) | żbɑżısı̣(antaywe) | Z̄bɑżısı̣(Antaywe) | Z̄bɑżısi(Antaywi) | Z̄bɑżısṣ(Antaywo) | |
2nd pl. | Z̄bɑż(Anta) | Z̄bɑżsż(Antawa) | żbɑżsı̣(antawe) | Z̄bɑżsı̣(Antawe) | Z̄bɑżsi(Antawi) | Z̄bɑżsṣ(Antawo) | |
3rd
pl. |
Conscinious | Ɑżıb(Tayn) | Ɑżıbż(Tayna) | ɑżıbı̣(Tayne) | Ɑżıbı̣(Tayne) | Ɑżıbi(Tayni) | Ɑżıbṣ(Tayno) |
Unconsc. | ᑫżıb(Sayn) | ᑫżıbż(Sayna) | qżıbı̣(sayne) | ᑫżıbı̣(Sayne) | ᑫżıbi(Sayni) | ᑫżıbṣ(Sayno) | |
4nd pl. | Z̄ıb(Ayn) | Z̄ıbż(Ayna) | żıbı̣(ayne) | Z̄ıbı̣(Ayne) | Z̄ıbi(Ayni) | Z̄ıbṣ(Ayno) |
- Z̄bɑżı(antay)"you&we" is inclusive and Z̄ɑżı(atai)"we" is exclusive. That is: Z̄bɑżı(antay)"you&we" includes "you" inside "we", while Z̄ɑżı(atai)"we" does not:
- VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż żynı̣q ᒣibᴚĪsi₉ ⎣Z̄nżsi (Z̄bɑżı/Z̄ɑżı)si ᴚı̣ᴚṣbḷu qʎiɒż,⎤,
- PatshyowlIwa afles ShinkIwi, "Alawi (Antay/Atay)wi kekonel smida.".
- Patchouli tells Shinki: "Please allow (you&me/us) get married".
- →Patchouli wants to marry (Shinki/Alice).
- Patchélogue features a "fourth person" pronoun ᑫṡ(su)"alt-it"(or "Obviative" in real linguists). It is used when the "third person" pronoun had already referred to someone else(normally the subject), for example:
- VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż siևɒı̣ ᴚı̣ ⅄żniqZ̄sż sżq ɑżɑqṡ (ƞiq/qṡq) S̱vżısṣ,
- PatcioulIwa wiqde ke MalisAwa was tatsu (shis/sus) Opaiwo.
- Patchouli saw that Marisa was touching (her/alt-her) chest.
- →Marisa is touching (Patchouli's/herselfs) chest.
The genetive case of a personal pronoun is same to its ablative form, except having the first letter in lower case for it is used as an adjective, not a noun.
Add a żsɑṣ(awto)"self" after a pronoun's genetive form to form its reflexive form.
Demonstrative pronouns[]
Demonstrative pronouns is very regular in Patchélogue. It can be numerously generated by using the pre- and suffixes shown below:
Proximal | Medial¹ | Distal | Existential | Universal | Interro gative |
Negatory | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elective | Assertive | |||||||
Preffix | ᴚṣ~(ko~) h~ |
qṣ~(so~) thy~ |
ṣ~(o~) th~ |
ıṣ~(yo~) anywh~ |
ʎṣ~(mo~) somewh~ |
ʞṣ~(ho~) everywh~ |
ɑṣ~(to~) wh~ |
bṣ~(no~) no~ |
Place |
ᴚṣᴚ(kok) here |
qṣᴚ(sok) thyre |
ṣᴚ(ok) there |
ıṣᴚ(yok) anywhere |
ʎṣᴚ(mok) somewhere |
ʞṣᴚ(hok) everywhere |
ɑṣᴚ(tok) where |
bṣᴚ(nok) nowhere |
Adj. | ᴚṣb(kon) this |
qṣb(son) thy |
ṣb(on) that |
ıṣb(yon) any |
ʎṣb(mon) some |
ʞṣb(hon) every |
ɑṣb(ton) which |
bṣb(non) no |
Noun | ᴚṣu(kolh) this |
qṣu(solh) thine |
ṣu(olh) that |
ıṣu(yolh) anything |
ʎṣu(molh) something |
ʞṣu(holh) everything |
ɑṣu(tolh) whichthing |
bṣu(nolh) nothing |
Adv. | ᴚṣqɑ(kost) thishow |
qṣqɑ(sost) thyhow |
ṣqɑ(ost) thathow |
ıṣqɑ(yost) anyhow |
ʎṣqɑ(most) somehow |
ʞṣqɑ(host) everyhow |
ɑṣqɑ(tost) how |
bṣqɑ(nost) no way |
Time | ᴚṣƞ(kosh) this time |
qṣƞ(sosh) thy time |
ṣƞ(osh) that time |
ıṣƞ(yosh) anytime |
ʎṣƞ(mosh) sometime |
ʞṣƞ(hosh) everytime |
ɑṣƞ(tosh) which time |
bṣƞ(nosh) no time |
People | ᴚṣbɑ(kont) thisbody |
qṣbɑ(sont) thybody |
ṣbɑ(ont) thatbody |
ıṣbɑ(yont) anybody |
ʎṣbɑ(mont) somebody |
ʞṣbɑ(hont) everybody |
ɑṣbɑ(tont) whichbody² |
bṣbɑ(nont) nobody |
Reason | ᴚṣyṣ(kofo) herefore |
qṣyṣ(sofo) thyrefore |
ṣyṣ(ofo) therefore |
ıṣyṣ(yofo) anywhe-refore |
ʎṣyṣ(mofo) somewhe-refore |
ʞṣyṣ(hofo) everywhe-refore |
ɑṣyṣ(tofo) wherefore |
bṣyṣ(nofo) nowherefore |
Verb | ᴚṣqnṡ(koslu) do this |
qṣqnṡ(soslu) do thine |
ṣqnṡ(oslu) do that |
ıṣqnṡ(yoslu) do anything |
ʎṣqnṡ(moslu) do something |
ʞṣqnṡ(hoslu) do everything |
ɑṣqnṡ(toslu) do what |
bṣqnṡ(noslu) do nothing |
P.S.:Red words are made-up English words to appproximate Patchélogue words.
The difference between qṣb(son)"this" and ṣb(on)"thy" is that qṣb is something close to the listener, while ṣb is something far from both the listener and the speaker.
Techinally, ɑṣbɑ(tont)"whichbody" and sı̣(we)"who" means the same. But ɑṣbɑ(tont)"whichbody" is only used as a conjunction of nominal clauses, while sı̣(we)"who" is only used as a pronoun. The same goes with ɑṣu(tolh)"which thing" and bżb(nan)"what".
Adjectives[]
Adjectives in Patchélogue do not decline. Comparatives and superlatives are shown by two adverbs: ĸı̣b(gen)"more" and qżı(sai)"most".
- ĸżs(gaw)"high" → ĸı̣b ĸżs(gen gaw)"higher" → qżı ĸżs(say gaw)"highest"
The opposite of comparative and superlative are shown by nı̣q(les)less and niqɑ(list)"least".
When a adjective's comperative is turned into verb, the "gen" is attached with the adjective:
- ĸı̣b ĸżs(gen gaw)higher → ĸı̣b‧ĸżsżıqṡ(gen-gawaysu)to make higher → ʌiĸı̣b‧ĸżsżıqṡ(bigen-gawaysu)to be made higher
Adverbs[]
Adverbs in Patchélogue are divided into two parts: verb-adverbs and sentence-adverbs, shown by ‧ni(-li) and ‧ĸżʎ(-gam) respectively:
- ᒣib bżɑṡzini qẓqɒı̣,(Shin naturili seosde.)"Her died naturally."
- bżɑṡziĸżʎ ᒣib qẓqɒı̣,(naturigam Shin seosde.)"Naturally, her died."
Adverbs comes before what they modify.
Articles[]
First letter | Conscious | Unconscious |
---|---|---|
Consonant | nż ᖷżq(la Has)"the house" bż ᖷżq(na Has)"no house" |
nı̣ ᑫżʌżu(le Sabalh)"the cat" bżı ᑫżʌżu(nay Sabalh)"no cat" |
Vovel | żu ᑫżĸṣ(al Sago)"the apple" bżb ᑫżĸṣ(nan Sago)"no apple" |
ḷu S̱qı̗ĸıż(el Oségia)"the teacher" bżıb S̱qı̗ĸıż(nayn Oségia)"no teacher" |
There is no indefine article in Patchélogue. A singular noun appear without any article means the same.
Verbs[]
Caution: This section is in (hilariously unfrequent)reforming progress. Any given information could change.
In Patchélogue, verbs conjugate basing on tense, voice, number, and person(including gender in 3rd person). Aspects are basically shown by auxialy verbs and infinitives.
Verb-stems in Patchélogue always end with consonants.
Class[]
Regular verbs in Patchélogue are divided into two classes of declensions:
- C-coda: Identified by having their root ending with a consonant, and their infinitives ending with -ṡ(u): bṣʎṡ(nomu)"to drink"
- Is the "normal" class of a verb devired from other parts of speech.
- Some verbs' roots end with "w", thus their infinitives are identical to their root: ᴚżs(kaw)to buy
- V-coda: Identified by having an "e" always following their stem, and their infinitives ending with either -ḷu(el): ɑżʌl̗u(tabél)"to eat", or -ı̣b(en): qṡʞı̣b(suhen)"to look for".
- Not productive anymore. That is, new verbs are always categoried into C-coda Class.
Person[]
Person suffixes takes the very place of infinitive suffixes, and goes after tense suffixes.
1sg | ~ṣ | 1pe/i | ~iʎṣq |
---|---|---|---|
2sg | ~i | 2pl | ~iʎżq |
3sg(cnsc) | ~ı̣ | 3pl(cnsc) | ~ı̣b |
3sg(unsc) | ~ż | 3pl(unsc) | ~żb |
1sg | ~ı̣ | 1pe/i | ~ı̣ʎṣq |
---|---|---|---|
2sg | ~ı̣qɑ | 2pl | ~ı̣ʎżq |
3sg(cnsc) | ~ı̣q | 3pl(any) | ı̣b |
3sg(unsc) | ~ı̣ɑ |
Unlike in English, some Patchélogue uncountable nouns are considered be in plural by nature:
- ⅄izz̀ıṣ ɒı̣b ᴚnżı,(Miráyo den klay.)"Rice are small." → ⅄izz̀ıbṣ ɒı̣ɑ ᴚnżı,(Miráyno det klay.)"A grain is small."
Tenses[]
The tense-aspect system of Patchélogue consists of twelve(that is, 3×4) composite tenses, which is formed by composing three simple tenses and four aspects.
The simple tenses are: past tense, present tense and future tense.
Past tense is formed by adding a "t" betweem the verb's stem and person suffix. And as for future tense, it is a "b".
Present | Past | Future | |
---|---|---|---|
bṣʎṡ(Ⅰ) | bṣʎı̣(nome)drinks | bṣʎɑı̣(nomte)drank | bṣʎʌı̣(nombe)will drink |
ɑżʌı̣u(Ⅱ) | ɑżʌı̣q(tabes)eats | ɑżʌɑı̣q(tabtes)ate | ɑżևʌı̣q(taqbes)will eat |
Infinitives[]
Infinitives in Patchélogue does decline. They are divived into present/past/future infinitives.
Infinitive | Future | Present | Past |
---|---|---|---|
to eat | ɑżևʌı̗u(taqbél) "to get to eat" |
ɑżʌı̗u(tabél) "to eat" |
ɑżʌɑı̗u(tabtél) "to have eat" |
As for the irregular verbs, their infinitives are irregular as well.
Present | Past | Future | |
---|---|---|---|
to be | ɒı̣qṡ(desu)"to be" | sżqṡ(wasu)"to have been" | sinṡ(wilu)"to get to be" |
Infivitives can also be used as an adjective or adverb, making it simillar to participles in English.
Unlike in English, past "participles" in Patchélogue can't mark pasaiveness, which is marked by passive "participles".
Past inf. | Past passive inf. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Meaning | ı̣ ᴚżĸɑı̣b ᴚṣɑṣʌ A having written word A word that wrote (another word). |
ż ʌiᴚżĸɑı̣b ᴚṣɑṣʌ A having been written word A word that was written (by someone). |
An infinitive can also be used as a noun, with its first letter capitalized:
Passive voice[]
Passive voice is indicated by preffix ʌi-(bi-).
Consonant | Vowel |
---|---|
ʌiɑżʌı̗u(bitabélh)"to be eaten" | ʌixṣqı̗u(bi'osélh)"to be taught" |
The subject may or may NOT be in nominative.
Aspects[]
There are actually five simple aspects in Patchélogue, but two of them are treated differently(see below).
The aspects are: simple(imperfect) aspect, retrospective(A.K.A. perfect) aspect, continuous aspect and prospective aspect.
- Retrospective(Perfect) aspect: Brings attention to the consequences of a situation in the past.
- Continuous aspect: Emphasising that the situation is ongoing, not indicating whether it is evolving.
- Differ from English Progressive aspect(evolving; I am eating) by including both progressive aspect and stative aspect(non-evolving; I know French).
- However, even the author himself forget this rule and treat it the same as real progressive aspect.
- Prospective aspect: Brings attention to the anticipation of an imminent future situation
- Approximate to English "be about to do" or "got to do".
The three aspects are all formed by auxiliary verb ɒı̣qṡ(desu)"to be/do"/ʞżʌı̣b(haben)"to have"and infinitives.
Future | Present | Past | |
---|---|---|---|
ɒı̣qṡ ɑżևʌik(desu taqbing) "to get to eat" |
ɒı̣qṡ ɑżʌik(desu tabing) "to be eating" |
ɒı̣qṡ ɑżʌɑik(desu tabting) "to have eaten" |
When not specificslly mentioned, all verbs below are in 3rd-animative singular declension in the usage chart below.
- P.S.:In Patchélogue, the clause uses the same tense as the main clause, even in Future tense.
Copula[]
There are two words corresponding to English "to be(not used as 'to exist')": ɒı̣qṡ(desu) and żnṡ/inṡ(alu/ilu): to Spanish speakers, they correspond to estar and ser.
Irregular verbs[]
Unsc. | Cnsc. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Inf | żnṡ(alu) | inṡ(ilu) | ||
1 | żnṣ(alo) | żniʎṣq(alimos) | inṣ(ilo) | iniʎṣq(ilimos) |
2 | żni(ali) | żniʎżq(alimas) | ini(ili) | iniʎżq(ilimas) |
3 | żu(alh) | żz(ar) | ju(elh) | ḷı(ey) |
Prs. | Pst. | Fut. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inf | ʞżɑı̣b(haten) | ʞı̣ɒı̣b(heden) | ʞṣʌı̣b(hoben) | |||
1 | ʞżɑı̣(hate) | ʞżɑiʎṣq(hatimos) | ʞı̣ɒı̣(hede) | ʞı̣ɒiʎṣq(hedimos) | ʞṣʌı̣(hobe) | ʞṣʌiʎṣq(hobimos) |
All | As ʞżɑı̣b(haten) | As ʞı̣ɒı̣b(heden) | As ʞṣʌı̣b(hoben) |
| colspan=2 |ʞżɑı̣b(haten) | colspan=2 |ʞı̣ɒı̣b(heden) | colspan=2 |ʞṣʌı̣b(hoben)
“Verbal number”[]
Besides three time aspects, Patchélogue also features two other aspects: Momentane and Iterative.
- Momentane: Indicates the action is sudden and short-lived.(I kicked once)
- When the object is in plural, it also suggests that the action is applied to all the objects at once.(I ate the biscuits at once.)
- Iterative: Expresses the repetition of an event observable on one single occasion.(I kicked for times)
- When the object is in plural, it also suggests that the action is applied to all the objects one by one.(I ate the biscuits one by one.)
As these two aspects indicates the "times" of an action, they are treated totally different from other three "time aspects". To be specific, instead of auxiliary verb and infinitive, they are expressed by suffixes which looked identical to are plural and singulative suffixes.
Regular(aspectless) | Momentane | Iterative |
---|---|---|
⅄żnqʌinĸıżsż ɑiᴚı̣ nż vı̣ɒʎżnṣ, (malsbilgiawa tike la pedmalo) "A football player kicks the football." |
⅄żnqʌinĸıżsż ɑiᴚı̣ʎ nż vı̣ɒʎżnṣ, (malsbilgiawa tikem la pedmalo) "A football player kicks the football repeatly." |
⅄żnqʌinĸıżsż ɑiᴚı̣b nż vı̣ɒʎżnṣ, (malsbilgiawa tiken la pedmalo) "A football player kicks the football once." |
ƞiʎṡyĸsıżsż biʎṡyı̣ ʌṣsᴚqʎṣ, (shimufgiawa shimufe bowksmo) "A carrier carries boxes" |
ƞiʎṡyĸsıżsż biʎṡyı̣ʎ ʌṣsᴚqʎṣ, (shimufgiawa shimufem bowksmo) "A carrier carries boxes one by one" |
ƞiʎṡyĸsıżsż biʎṡyı̣b ʌṣsᴚqʎṣ, (shimufgiawa shimufen bowksmo) "A carrier carries boxes at once" |
When the subject is in plural, and the object is in singular:
- Itr.Asp. suggests that the action is performed by each subject separatly.
- Regular Aspect suggests, well, nothing.
- Mon.Asp. suggests the subjects perform the action together.
Iterative | Regular | Momentane |
---|---|---|
ɑżʌiʎṣqʎ(tabimosm)"we eat separatly" | ɑżʌiʎṣq(tabimos)"we eat" | ɑżʌiʎṣqb(tabimosn)"we eat together" |
In more complicated situations, Patchékyan people just uses corresponding adverbal phrases instead of plainly suggesting: ıżɒqṣɑ(yadsot) [through]once and ʎṣzɒṣqṣɑ(mordosot) [through]many times.
Among Patchékyou grammarians, these two aspects aren't regarded as aspects but "Verbal number"s. Hence the section's title.
Volition[]
Volition in Patchélogue is only shown in intransitive verbs and some "sensoring" transitive verbs.
Volition of intranstive verbs is indicated by case of the subject(techinally, "agent"). The subject is in nominative when performing the action deliberatly, and accusative if else, making Patchélogue an active–stative alignment language like Georgian.
- Si qnżyı̣,(Wi slafe.)"Me sleep(accidentally)."
- Sṣ qnżyı̣,(Wo slafe.)"I sleep(delibrately)."
P.S.: Among real linguists, when thesubjectagent of an intransitive verb is identical to object of a transitive verb (which is in ACCUSATUVE), it is said to be in NOMINATIVE, as if the terms weren't f*cked up enough yet. oh incase u care the subj-like subj iscalld narrativ
Volition of "sensoring" transtive verbs are indicated by using nominative or d/lative case for the subject:
- Sṣ siɒṣ Ɑżb,(Wo wido Tan.)"I look at it."
- Siz siɒṣ Ɑżb,(Wir wido Tan.)"I see it."
Mood[]
Mood of verb is conveyed by verb-adverbs, instead of auxiliary verb and infinitives:
ᴚṡɒ(kud)can | bṡɒ(shud)should | ṡɒ(ud)like to |
ʎḷı(mey)be allowed to | ʎṡq(mus)must (objectively) |
yı̣ɒḷı(fedey)have to (subjectively) |
ʎṣyṣ(mofo)somehow | qṣɑż(sota)sort of | ᴚṣbı̗b(konén)possibly |
Prepositions[]
The nouns after a preposition should be in sub-case.
Position Prepositions[]
In the table below, the red words are the root words, black ones are derived words, blank combinations are considered not making sense or unneeded.
"at" class (adv.prep.) |
"of" class (adj.prep) |
"ward" class (adv.) |
"side" class (n.) |
---|---|---|---|
ɒı̣(de)at | yṣb(fon)of | -sżɒ(wad)-ward | ʌı̣b(ben)side |
ɒı̣yṣḅ(defon)at-of | |||
ni(li)in | niyṣb(lifon)in-of | nisżɒ(liwad)inward | niʌı̣b(liben)inside |
sżı(way)out | sżıyṣb(wayfon)out-of | sżısżɒ(waywad)outward | sżıʌı̣b(wayben)outside |
żb(an)on | żbyṣb(anfon)on-of | żbsżɒ(anwad)onward | |
ṣʌ(ob)off | ṣʌyṣb(obfon)off-of | ṣbsżɒ(obwad)offward | |
ṡʎ(um)around | ṡʎyṣb(umfon)around-of | ṡʎʌı̣b(umben)around-side | |
sı̣ɒı̣(wede)up(prep.) | sı̣yṣb(wefon)up-of | sı̣(we)up(adv.) | sı̣ʌı̣b(weben)upside |
qżʌɒı̣(sab)down(prep.) | qżʌyṣb(sabfon)down-of | qżʌ(sab)down(adv.) | qżևʌı̣b(saqben)downside |
bżևı̣ɒı̣(naqede)left-at | bżևı̣yṣb(naqefon)left-of | bżևı̣(naqe)leftward | bżևı̣ʌı̣b(naqeben)left |
bżnṣɒı̣(nalode)right-at | bżnṣyṣb(nalofon)right-of | bżnṣ(nalo)rightward | bżnṣʌı̣b(naloben)right |
żևɒı̣(aqde)before | żʌyṣb(abfon)before-of | żʌsżɒ(abwad)forward | żʌ(ab)front |
ʌı̣ᴚɒı̣(bekde)after | ʌı̣ᴚyṣb(bekfon)back-of | ʌı̣ᴚsżɒ(bekwad)backward | ʌı̣ᴚ(bek)back |
ʎṣĸṡq(mogus)among | ʎṣĸṡqyṣb(mogusfon)a.-of | ʎṣĸṡqsżɒ(moguswad)a.ward | ʎṣĸṡqʌı̣b(mogusben)a.side |
qṣqı̗bɒı̣(sosénde)between | qṣqı̗byṣb(sosénfon)bt.-of | qṣqı̗bsżɒ(sosénwad)bt.ward | qṣqı̗b(sosén)bt.side |
vżʌı̗bɒı̣(pabénde)beside | vżʌı̗byṣb(pabénfon)bs.-of | vżʌı̗bsżɒ(pabénwad)bs.ward | vżʌı̗b(pabén)bs.side |
The "at" class prepositions are used to form adverbtive modifying phrases, which comes before the verb it modifies:
- ɒı̣ nż ᖷżqı̣b żnᴚṣ. (de la Hasen alko.) [At the house walk.] "Walk at the house".
- ni nż ᖷżqı̣b żnᴚṣ. (li la Hasen alko.) [In the house walk.] "Walk in the house".
The "of" class prepositions are used to form adjective modifying phrases, which comes before the noun it modifies:
- niyṣb nż ꓘisṣɑ żb ᑫżĸṣ, (Lifon la Kiwot Sago.) [In-of the tree apple.] "An apple in the tree."
- Sṣ ɑżʌı̗ niyṣb nż ꓘisṣɑ żb ᑫżĸṣsṣ, (Wo tabé lifon Kiwot Sagowo.) [I eat in-of the trees apples] "I eat apples in the tree."
There is no difference between directional and static prepositions because the directionalness is indicated by what the case of the noun to the preposition is.
Sub-Dative | Sub-Acuusative | Sub-Ablative |
---|---|---|
ni nż ꓘiɑżʌʞżqiɑ żnᴚṣ(li la Kitabhasit alko)"I walk into the Library" | ni nż ꓘiɑżʌʞżqṣɑ żnᴚṣ(li la Kitabhasot alko)"I walk in the Library" | ni nż ꓘiɑżʌʞżqı̣ɑ żnᴚṣ(li la Kitabhaset alko)"I walk from the inside of the Library" |
Unlike in German, Dative(which is actually Lative) noun after preposition indicates directionalness, not staticness.
- ni biq ᖷḷıxżsṣɑ(li shis Heyyawot)"in seinem Zimmer"/"in his room"
- ni biq ᖷḷıxżsiɑ(li shis Heyyawit)"in sein Zimmer"/"into his room"
It should be noticed that verb-modifing and noun-modifing prepositions in Patchélogue not only uses different prepositions, but also should be put in different places.
Non-Position Prepositions[]
In Patchélogue, the word for "expect" is iʞżb(ihan)"unincluding", which is diversed from ʞżb(han)"including". And "besides(prep.)" is ĸṣʞżb(gohan)co-including.
In Patchélogue, yṣb(fon)of changes meaning on
Sub-Dative | Sub-Acuusative | Sub-Ablative |
---|---|---|
yṣb nı̣ ᖷṣıɑı̣ɑ(fon le Hoytet)"By the people" | yṣb nı̣ ᖷṣıɑṣɑ(fon le Hoytot)"Of the people" | yṣb nı̣ ᖷṣıɑiɑ(fon le Hoytit)"For the people" |
English prepositional "for" have two correspondences in Patchélogue:
- yṣb(fon)"of", for beneficary and goal "for", as in "for the king".
- When indicating beneficary, the noun after it should be in sub-dative.
- qnṡ(slu)"through", for time "for", as in "for one day".
Conjunctions[]
The two "when"s are different words in Patchélogue.
- Sṣ ʞżɴżqɒı̣ Ьiz ɒṣb Sṣ ɑżʌɒı̗,(Wo aflde Shir doc wo tabdé.)[I told him (when I ate)]"I told him when I ate."
- → I told him about the time I ate.
- Sṣ ʞżɴżɑɒı̣ Ьiz ɒżk Sṣ ɑżʌɒı̗,(Wo aflde Shir dang Wo tabdé.)[(I told him) when (I ate)]"I told him when I ate."
- → I told him about something else at the time I ate.
Coordinating[]
- ı̣ɑ(et)and
Conjunction only | Conj. and ellipsis |
Sṣ ɑżʌı̗ ı̣ɑ Dṡ ɑżʌı̗qɑ, (Wo tabé et Du tabést.) I eat and you eat. |
Sṣ ı̣ɑ Dṡ ɑżʌı̗b, (Wo et Du tabén.) I and you eat. |
Sṣ ɑżʌı̗ ı̣ɑ Sṣ qnżyı̣, (Wo tabé et Wo slafe.) I eat and I sleep. |
Sṣ ɑżʌı̗ ı̣ɑ qnżyı̣, (Wo tabé et slafe.) I eat and sleep. |
- qı̣ɒ(sed)but
Conjunction only | Conj. and ellipsis |
Sṣ żbɑżʌı̗ qı̣ɒ Dṡ ɑżʌı̗qɑ, (Wo antabé sed Du tabést.) I don't eat but you eat. |
Sṣ bı̣ɑ qı̣ɒ Dṡ ɑżʌı̗qɑ, (Wo net sed Du tabést.) Not me but you eat. |
Sṣ żbɑżʌı̗ qı̣ɒ Sṣ qnżyı̣, (Wo antabé sed Wo slafe.) I don't eat but I sleep. |
Sṣ żbɑżʌı̗ qı̣ɒ qnżyı̣, (Wo antabé sed slafe.) I don't eat but sleep. |
ı̣ɑ(et) can be used between words joined by other conjunction, while ṡbɒ(und) cannot.
- VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż ṡbɒ Zl̗ıʎinixZ̄sż ı̣ɑ ⅄ḷını̀ᖶż ṡbɒ ᑫżᴚṡıZ̀sż,(PatshyowlIwa und RéymiliyAwa et MeylínGa und SakuyÁwa.(Patchouli and Remilia, AND, Meiling and Sakuya.
ıḷu(wel)"and/or" żsɑ(awt)"either/or, xor" bżbɒ(nand)"nand" żnʞṣ(alho)"nor"
Comparing with the "inaccurate" everyday ʞṣ(ho)"or":
- With "wel" one may choose both but not none.
- With "aut" one can only and must choose one.
- With "nand" one may choose none or one.
- With "alho" one can only choose none, as English "neither/nor".
- ɒżk(dang)"when" — introduces adverbial clause of time.
- ṡʌi(ubi)"where" — introduces adverbial clause of place.
Subordinating[]
- ᴚı̣(ke)"that" — introduces any nominal clause and direct speech.
- ɒṣƞɑ(dont)"who" — introduces nominal clause of person.
- ɒṣu(dolh)"what" — introduces nominal clause of object.
- ɒṣb(dosh)"when" — introduces nominal clause of time.
- ɒṣᴚ(dok)"where" — introduces nominal clause of place.
Syntax[]
Head direction[]
Adjectives always come before the noun they modify, and so are modifying phrases and clauses.
Adverbs always come before the verb they modify, and so are modifying phrases and clauses.
Possession[]
Possession is made by using the particle yṣb(fon)of, which is similar with "of" in English. Possession can also be marked by using a noun's "genetive" case form, which is basically its ablative case form used as an adjective. For example:
- sṣq ᑫżĸṣ₉ ɒṡq ᑫżĸṣ,(Wos aipou, dus aipou.)"My apple, your apple."
- Yṣb VżɑƞıṣsnĪsṣɑ ᑫżĸṣ, VżɑƞıṣsnĪsı̣ ᑫżĸṣ,(Fon PatcioulIwot Sago. PatcioulIwe Sago.)"Apple of Patchouli. Patchouli's apple."
There is no real possessive pronoun like English "mine/yours". Patchélogue use a compound noun like "my this" or "your that" instead.
- sṣqĸṣu₉ ɒṡqṣu,(Wosgol, dusol.)"Mine, yours."
Voices[]
Passive voice is formed by adding the prefix ʌi(bi) before the verb:
- ᑫżʌżnż ɑżʌı̗q ⅄iᴚisṣ,(Sabala tabés Mikiwo)"Cat eats mouse."
- ⅄iᴚisż ᑫżʌżnı̣ʌiɑżʌı̗q,(Mikiwo Sabale bitabés)"Mouse is eaten by cat."
The object of the original sentence becomes the new subject(which may or may NOT be in nominative.), and the original subject becomes an adverbal noun in ablative case.
Mood[]
Declarative[]
The Affirmative Sentences in Patchélogue uses a SVO word order.
To make a sentence negative, the prefix żu(al-)"don't-" should be added to the beginning of the verb. However, this prefix has many other forms:
Prefix | Verb begins with | Example |
---|---|---|
żʎ(am) | v/y/ʌ (p/f/b) | yżᴚṡ(faku)make→żʎyżᴚṡ(amfaku)don't make |
żb(an) | ɑ/q/ɒ/b (t/s/d/c) | binṡ(shilu)know→żbƞinṡ(anshilu)don't know |
żk(ang) | ᴚ/ĸ (k/g) | ᴚṡɒi(kudu)can→żkᴚṡɒṡ(angkudu)can't |
ż(a) | ʎ/b/n (m/n/l) | ʎzṡɒṡ(mudu)must→żʎṡɒṡ(amudu)don't have to |
żn(al) | All else | ṣqı̯u(osél)teach→żnṣqı̯u(alosél)don't teach |
By the way, the negative suffix for adjectives/adverbs change its form in similiar patterns:
Preffix | Verb begins with | Example |
---|---|---|
iʎ(im) | v/y/ʌ (p/f/b) | ʌṣb(bon)good → iʎʌṣb(imbon)ungood |
ib(in) | ɑ/q/ɒ/b (t/s/d/c) | ɒżı(dai)big→ibɒżı(indai)unbig |
ik(ing) | ᴚ/ĸ (k/g) | ᴚnżı(klai)small→ikᴚnżı(ingklai)unsmall |
i(i) | ʎ/b/n (m/n/l) | nżb(lan)blue→inżb(ilan)unblue |
in(il) | All else | ıḷnṣ(yelo)yellow→inıḷnṣ(ilyelo)unyellow |
When the usage of adverbs causes ambiguty in negatilization, put the adverb bı̣ɑ(net)"not" at the beginning of a sentence or before the adverb instead.
- Sṣ iᴚżni żʎʌżıɑṣ(Wo ikali ambaito)Angrily, I didn't buy.
- bı̣ɑ sṣ iᴚżni ʌżıɑṣ(Net wo ikali baito)I did not buy angrily.
→ I either bought without anger; or didn't buy, with anger. - ıṣ [bı̣ɑ iᴚżni/iniᴚżni] ʌżıɑṣ(Wo [net ikali/ilikali] baito)[Not angrily/unangrily], I bought.
Interrogative[]
Before going further, notice that Patchélogue don't have question marks.
General questons (Yes/No questions) are created by taking the verb(and its adverb) to the beginning of the sentence.
- Dṡ ıṣsᴚni ɑżʌɑı̯qɑ ᑫżĸṣsṣ,(Du yowkli tabtést Sagowo,)[Thou slow-ly eat-ᴩsᴛ-1sɢ a-ᴜɴsᴄ apple-ᴀᴄᴄ]"You ate an apple slowly."
- Iṣsᴚni ɑz̊ʌɑı̯qɑ Dṡ ᑫżĸṣsṣ,(yowkli tabést Du Sagowo,)"Slowly ate you an apple?/Did you eat an apple slowly?"
- ıs̥s̊ᴚı̊ ɑżʌɒı̗qɑ Dṡ ᑫżĸṣsṣ,(yowkli^? tabést Du Sagowo,)"You ate an apple. Slowly?"
It should be noticed that an interrogative pronoun don't have to be in interrogative mood:
- ᖷı̥ ɒı̣ɑ ᖷı̣; (Ke^? det Ke) "What is WHAT?!"
Special questons (Wh- questions) are created by taking the subject or object or anything with interrogative pronouns.
- ꓘṣnż ɒı̣q ꓘı̥ss̥. (Kola des Kewo^?.)[ᴀᴩᴩ.ᴅᴇᴍ-ɴᴏᴍ ᴄᴏᴩ.ᴩʀᴇ.3sɢ.ᴄᴏɴs ɪɴᴛ.ᴅᴇᴍ\Q.]"What is this?"
- Sı̥ ɑżʌı̗q ꓘṣnṣ. (We^? tabés Kolo) "Who ate this?"
Imperative[]
Imperative in Patchélogue can be easily made by simply add the interjective ɒı̣(de)"imp."(or qʎiɒż(smida)"please" to show polite) before the whole sentence.
- ɑżʌı̣qɑ,(Tabest.)"You eat."
- ɑżʌı̣qɑ ɒı̣,(Tabest de.)"Eat."
- ɑżʌı̣qɑ qʎiɒż,(Tabest smida.)"Sir, please eat."
- ɑżʌiʎżq qʎiɒż,(Tabimas smida.)"Sirs, please eat."
- Use 2nd plural imperative to a singular object to show the greatest politeness Patchélogue can show.
- (Z̄bɑżısż) ɑżʌı̀ʎṣb ɒı̣,[(Antaiwa) tabimos de.]"Let's eat."
Subjunctive[]
Subjunctive mood can be made by adding the prefix iy-(if-) to the beginning of the verb. Regardless of whether it starts with a consonant or a vovel.
The subjunctive suffix comes before the passive suffix: iyʌiɑżʌɑìʎżq(ifbitabtímas)"you would have been eaten".
The tense of subjunctive verbs agrees with other verbs in the context.
- Sṣ siqṣ ᴚı̣ Sṣ iyɒż Πṣnisṣ,(Wo wiso Ke wo ifda Loliwo.)"I wish that I were a girl."
- Sṣ siqɒṣ ᴚı̣ Sṣ iysż Πṣnisṣ,(Wo wisdo Ke wo ifwa Loliwo.)"I wished that I had been a girl."
A subjunctive verbal phrase can be used alone in interrogative mood, to express what is expressed as "what if…" in English.
- i̊yz̊ʎʌi̊bi̊ɑz̊ևʌı̥q(ifambicitaqbés^?)[sᴜʙᴊ-ɴᴇɢ-ᴩᴀss-ᴄᴀᴜs-eat-ғᴜᴛ-3sg.ᴄɴsᴄ\Q]"What if s/he wouldn't be made to eat?".
- 虚不-被-使-吃将三动单?
Miscellaneous[]
Number[]
Patchélogue uses duodemical, that is, they count in dozens instead of tens.
ƞṡn | nul | ␣ | 0 | 0 | ıżɒ | yad | ⎕ | 1 | 1 | ɒṣq | dos | 𐅞 | 2 | 2 |
qżb | san | Ⲷ | 3 | 3 | ᴚsżɒ | kuad | Ɥ | 4 | 4 | yṡıb | fuin | ⴴ | 5 | 5 |
nṣĸ | log | ⴳ | 6 | 6 | qı̣ʌ | seb | ⴸ | 7 | 7 | siɑ | wit | ⴷ | 8 | 8 |
ɑƞiu | tshilh | Ⴙ | 9 | 9 | nṡʎ | lum | ⵜ | X | 10 | ı̣ny | elf | ꎫ | E | 11 |
ɒż | da | ⵇ | 10 | 12 | ıḷq | yes | ⵇ⎕ | 11 | 13 | ƞẓq | sheos | ⵇ𐅞 | 12 | 14 |
To distinguish them from letter P and B, 7 and 8 is usually written with stroke across them like: 𝖠 and Ɐ. |
ɒżqżb | dasan | ⵇⲶ | 13₁₂ | 15₁₀ | ɒżᴚsżɒ | dakwad | ⵇꞍ | 14₁₂ | 16₁₀ |
ɒṣqɒżɒṣq | dosdados | 𐅞ⵇ𐅞 | 22₁₂ | 26₁₀ | nṣ | lo | ⌷␣ⵇ | 100₁₂ | 144₁₀ |
nṣıżɒ | loyad | ⌷␣ⵇ⌷ | 101₁₂ | 145₁₀ | nṣɒżıżɒ | lodayad | ⌷⌷ⵇ⌷ | 111₁₂ | 157₁₀ |
- Some of the numerals may not appear correctly on computers. They are supposed to look like: 0:⎵ 1:ロ 2:ニ 3:Ξ 4:Ч 7:V 8:Λ/A
In Patcélogue, when in letter form, the whole number is conjoined without spaces or hyphens like in German:
- Dżnżɒʎżbᴚsżɒqı̣byṡıbnṡɒżᴚsżɒ (Dayadmankwadsenfuynlodakwad) Einhundertvierzehntausendfünfhundertvierzehn₁₂
When in numeral form, the tens and units are seprated by symbol "ⵇ", which stands for "dozen/12₁₀".
- Ɥⵇ𐅞(ᴚsżևɒżɒṣq/kwaqdados)42/50
Numbers in [10₁₂, 19₁₂] have their tens digits omitted both in letter and numeral forms:
- ⵇⵜ(ɒżnṡʎ/dalum)1A₁₂/22₁₀
The similar happens to any number ending with zeros:
- ⌷ⵜ‧␣␣␣␣‧␣␣␣ⵇ(ɒżnṡʎnṣĸ/dalumyog)[1A×10⁸]₁₂/[22×12⁸]₁₀
- thus, ⵇ(ɒż/da) alone means 10₁₂/12₁₀.
Add ĸṣ(go) after a number to make it an adjective: ɒṣqĸṣ yı̣bʎ(dosgo Lefm)"two 'eleven's". It can alao become an adverb by -ni(li).
Ordinal words are regularly formed by adding "-di" after the numeral: ysı̇bɒı̇(fwindi)fifth. Irregularly: ʌṣʌ/ɒƞṣb/qis/ɒƞju (bob/dcon/siu/dcilh) first/second/third/fourth.
Words like "once/twice(adv.)" are formed by adding "-s": nżɒq/ɒṣqẓq/qżɴɑq (yads/doseos/sans) once/twice/trice, among which nżɒq(yads)once can also be used as a noun, meaning "time" as in "three times".
In Patchélogue, "times" in "kick three times" and "three times bigger" are conveyed by different words. The latter is conveyed by attaching the suffix bżʞ(fah): siɑbżʞ(witfah)eight times
To say something like ɒṣqĸṣ ᑫı̣ʌɑı̣yx(dosgo Sebtelm)two sevenths, the denominator should be attached with ɑı̣y(tel), and its plural works same as other nouns.
There is a special suffix to express "~kinds of": ‧nḷı(-ley)
Number 1, 2, and 10₁₂ have special form when used as prefixes: ʎṣbṣ‧/yṡɑż‧/ɒṣqı̣b‧(mono-/futa-/dosen-)mono/duo/demi
Math symbol[]
1+2=3 | |
3-2=1 | |
2*3=6 | |
6/3=2 |
Symbols[]
There are some symbols in Patchélogue the way they are in *@#$&!% English.
- Ɯ: &-like, ligature of ı̣ɑ(et)and.
- ᗰ: @-like, ligature of ɒı̣(de)at.
- ѣ: $-like, represent ЬisʌĪ(NiwbI)Patchékyo currency.
- ⱺ: ?-like, transformation of the Rised-tone mark, can be drawn beside character's head in comics to show confusion.
- խ: incorrespondable, ligature of -ḷu(-elh)-Iɴғ, not frequently used.
Subjective Attitude[]
In Patchélogue, one can show one's attitude to something, by using dimunitive, honorific or pejorative preffixes.
In Patchélogue, dimunitivation is shown with a ẓ(eo) added at the end of a word. Regardless whether it ends with consonants or vovel. The dimunitivation suffix comes before the case and plural suffix.
- qżʌżu(sabal)cat → qżʌżnẓ(sabaleo)kitten → qżʌżnẓʎ(sabaleom)kittens → qżʌżnẓʎż(sabaleoma)kittensᴬᶜᶜ
The honorific prefix is used for addressing a noun with honor. It is marked with ĸṣ-(go-).
- ṣqı̗ĸıż(oségia)teacher → ĸṣևṣqı̗ĸıż(goqoségia)dear teacher
The pejorative prefix is used for referring a noun as offensive. It is marked with qʎz̀-(smá-), notice that it is the only affix that changes the stress of the word.
- ʌı̣nṣnı̣ɒƞ(beloledsh)art → qʎz̀ʌı̣nṣnı̣ɒƞ(smábeloledsh)shmart
Answering Question[]
Patchélogue features a four-form system of question-answering words as Early English did.
Dı̥qɑ ɒṡ Vżɑƞıṣsni, (Dest^? du Patshyowli.) Are you Patchouli? |
bżı₉ żbɒż. (Nay, anda.) False-Negative, I am not. |
ʞżs₉ ɒż. (Haw, da.) True-Affirmative, I am. |
z̊bɒı̥qɑ ɒṡ Vżɑƞıṣsni, (Andest^? du Patshyowli.) Aren't you Patchouli? |
ʞżı₉ ɒż, (Hay, da.) False-Affirmative, I am. |
bżs₉ żbɒż, (Naw, anda.) True-Negative, I am not. |
Person Names[]
Due to bizzare theological reasons, goddesses in Patchékyan religions can have their family names written either before and after the given name, and the former are treated the way proper adjectives are: having only their last letter in in capitals.
MAO Zedong | ʞṣᖶ‧⅄ḷıniᖶ (honG-MeilinG) "goddess of combat" |
Barack OBAMA | VżɑƞıṣsnĪ‧bṣsnı̣ɒƞĪ (Patshyowli-nowledshI) "goddess of knowledge" |
Otto von BISMARK | YṡɒƞisżnZ̄‧bṣ‧⅄ṣᴚṣS(FudshiwalA-no-MokoW) "goddess of fire" |
Tom the darklord | ƞiᴚĪ‧I̱ıᴚĪ‧Iżıʎżqżbżɑṡ (shikI-EykI-Yamasanadu) "goddess of juistice" |
Compound words[]
Patchélogue possesses a strong ability on compounding words as German does. Thought the author hasn't made many of them yet.
When verbs are involved in compounding, an "e" is added after their stem.
Lexicon[]
Main articlle: Patchélogue/Lexicon
The table of personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns can be found above.
Swadesh table[]
Nope. Swadesh-Shmadesh. This thing is not scientific at all. I have better thing to do than figureing out what word should I arrange for "louse".
Suffixes[]
Suffixes can change the word's meaning from verb to noun, noun to adjective/adverb, and so on.
Suffix | Meaning | Similar | Type | Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive suffixes | the action of ~ing | gerund | v.→n. | ɑżʌ(tab)eat → ɑżʌı̗u(tabélh)eating(n.) |
~ing (adj.) |
patriciple | v.→adj. | żyn(afl)say → żynṡ(aflu)speaking(adj.) as in "the speaking cat" | |
~[V]ƞẓb ~[C]ı̣ƞẓb |
thing used in ~ing | ~tion | v.→n. | ɑżʌ(tab)eat → ɑżʌı̗ƞẓb(tabésheon)food |
~[V]y ~[C]iy |
be often ~ing | ~ive | v.→adj. | żyn(afl)say → żyniy(aflif)speakactive |
~[V]bż ~[C]i |
be of ~ | ~y | n.→adj. | ıḷnṣ(yelo)yellow → ıḷnsbż(yelona)yellowish |
~yṡni | be full of ~ | ~ful | n.→adj. | ʞṣıɑ(hoyt)people → ʞṣıɑyṡni(hoytfuli)crowded |
~bżni | with ~ alongside | ~なり | ʞṣıɑ(hoyt)people → ʞṣıɑbżni(hoytnali)manned | |
~bṣƞi | without ~ | ~less | ʞṣıɑ(hoyt)people → ʞṣıɑbṣƞi(hoytnosi)unmanned | |
~[V]ᴚżıɑ ~[C]ʞżıɑ |
the action of being of ~ | ~ness | adj.→n. | ʎı̣ɒ(med)mad → ʎı̣ɒʞżıɑ(medhayt)madness |
~[V]ƞ ~[C]iƞ |
make sth. ~ | ~fy | adj. → v. | ʌı̣nṣ(belo)beautiful→ʌı̣nṣƞ‧ṡ(belosh-u)beautify |
~[V]nżıq ~[C]żıq |
make sth. be of ~ | ~ize | n.→v. | qɒṣs(sdow)stone → qɒṣsżıq‧ṡ(sdoways-u)fossilize |
~ni | in the method of ~ | ~ly | adj.→adv. | ʌṣbɒ(bond)real → ʌṣbɒni(bondli)really |
~[V]sḷı ~[C]isḷı |
consider sth. as ~ | 意动用法 in Old Chinese | adj.→v. | ʌṣbɒ(bond)real → ʌṣbɒisḷı‧ṡ(bondiwey-u)take sth. for real |
consider sth. be of ~ use sth. as a ~ |
n.→v. | ʌżĸż(baga)fool(n.) → ʌżĸżsḷı‧ṡ(bagawey-u)fool(v.) | ||
~ĸi ~ĸıż |
thing/person who ~ | ~tion ~er |
v.→n. | yżbɑq(fants)weave → yżbɑqĸıż(fantsgia)weaver → yżbɑqĸi(fantsgi)weaving machine |
Prefixes[]
Prefixes can change word's meaning to a related one. They seldon change the word's kind.
Preffix | Meaning | Similar | Type | Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
żn~ (varies) |
doesn't do ~ | un- | v. | binż(cila)"know" → żbƞinż(ancila)"doesn't know" ʌżı(bai)"buy" → żʎʌżı(ambai)"don't buy" |
in~ (varies) |
not ~ | in- | adj. adv. |
bibı̣(cine)"dead" → ibƞibı̣(incine)"undead" ʌṣb(bon)"good" → iʎʌṣb(imbon)"ungood" |
ɒṣ~ | extremly ~ | over~ | adj. | qżɒi(sadi)"violent"→ɒṣqżɒi(dosadi)"extremely violent" ʌṣb(bon)"good" → ɒṣʌṣb(dobon)"overgood" |
ṡ~ | wrongly ~ | mis~ | v. | ᴚżĸ(kag)"write" → ṡᴚżĸ(ukag)"miswrite" |
Example text[]
Daily phrase[]
- żnṣʞżıs̗s;(Alohayów!) Hello!
- żnṣs;(Alow!) Hi!
- ƞżnıs̗bżnż;(Calyónala!) Goodbye!
- ƞżnì;(Calí!) Bye!
- qṣniʎżqı̗b,(solimasén.) Sorry.
- żniĸżbqż,(Aligansa) Thank you!
- qĸı̣ɒżı;(Sgeday) Fuсĸ уоu!
See more ways to swear in Patchélogue/Expletive.
"Our tent was blown away!"[]
There was a completed example text here till I updated so many new grammars that I decided to have it rewritten totally.
VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż ṡbɒ Zḷıʎinȷ̇ıZ̄sż żb nż Iṣsᴚżıxżʎżsiɑ iᴚɒı̣b bżɑs̀zniyʌı̣b, ɒżk ZḷıʎinixZ̄sż sżq qnżyib₉ VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż ƞiƞṡᴚı̣b ᒣib sḷıᴚı̣b ı̣ɑ żynɒı̣₉ ⎣Zı̣ʎĪz₉ siɒi nż qɒı̣nżyṡu S̱ᴚs̀xṣ ɒı̣,⎤, ⎣ʞżs ʞżs₉ VżɑƞĪz⎤₉ ɑṣ qnżyiy ḷıḷ ZḷıʎinixZ̄sż₆ yzżĸɒı̣q₉ ⎣ᴚı̥ss̥ ɒı̣ɑ nṣq,⎤, ⎣bṡz siɒi ɒı̣;⎤₉ VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż iʞżyini ʌiᴚżynɒı̣₉ ⎣Ɑżz z̊bƞı̊bz̊ʎɒz̊ Di ʎṣnṣɑ;⎤, Zḷıʎinȷ̇ıZ̄sż ɒẓʞ iqı̣ Ɑqżıɑṣɑ siևɒı̣ nż S̱ᴚs̀xṣ⸲ sżĸini ʌı̣ᴚżynɒı̣₉ ⎣Ɑżz ƞibżʎɒż Si ɒṣqɑ ɒżı nż Vżbqĸżısṣ ɒı̣ɑ₉ ṡbɒ ɒṣqɑ ᴚnżı Z̄bɑżısṣ ɒiʎṣq,⎤, ⎣S̱s⨟ Zḷıʎinȷ̇ıZ̄‧qĸżnḷıⱭ₉ Dṣ Λżĸż;⎤₉ VżɑƞıṣsnĪsż iĸżni ıḷnɒı̣₉ ⎣ɒs̥qɑ żbxżʎɒi ᴚı̣ żbɑżısż Λṡvżzṡyṣ ꓘqı̣sı̣ ʌiʌnṡsẓ siĸ;⎤,
Glossing below vs commom linguistic glossing:
- FT=FUTure PT=PaST
- 1s=1sg 1ᴘ=1pl 2s=2sg 2ᴇ=2pl.excl 2ɪ=2pl.incl 3c=3sg.cnsc 3u=3sg.unsc
- INF=INFinitive GR=GERund
- N/NOM=Nominative G/GEN=GENetive(2nd case) s=sub-case u/c=un/conscious
PatchouliNᴏᴍ andNouɴ RemiliaNᴏᴍ for natureLiveFᴛGʀDs goPᴛ3ᴩ on YoukaiMoutainDs. whenCᴏɴᴊ RemiliaNᴏᴍ bePᴛ3ᴄ sleepIɴғ, PatchouliNᴏᴍ ᴄᴀᴜsShakePᴛ3c 3ᴄPʀᴏɴAᴄᴄ beAwakeIɴғ andSɴᴛɴᴄ sayPᴛ3c thatCᴏɴᴊ:"RemiDɪᴍ, lookAt2s thatAᴅᴊ starFull skyAcc ɪᴍᴩ". "ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴊ, PatcheDɪᴍ,", with sleepAᴅᴊ eyePʟAs RemiliaNᴏᴍ askPᴛ3ᴄ, "bad whatEventNᴏᴍQ occurPᴛ3u". "only LookAt2s ɪᴍᴩ!", PatchouliNᴏᴍ ɴᴇɢHappinessAᴅᴊ sayPᴛ3ᴄ, "anythingAcc ɴᴇɢCᴀᴜsThinkPᴛ3uQ thatNᴏuɴNᴏᴍ youDᴀᴛ". RemiliaNᴏᴍ through some timeAs lookAtPᴛ3ᴄ theoɴsᴄ skyAᴄᴄ andSɴᴛɴᴄ endAᴅᴊAᴅᴠ backSayPᴛ3ᴄ that.ᴄᴏɴᴊ, "ᴄᴀᴜsThinkAboutPᴛ3u meDᴀᴛ thatCᴏɴᴊ theCɴsc allWorldNᴏᴍ be3u how big, andSɴᴛɴᴄ in thisAᴅᴊ big worldAs 2ɪPʀoɴNᴏᴍ be2ᴘ how small.". "oh, RemiliaScarlet, youVᴏᴄ foolVᴏᴄ!", PatchouliNᴏᴍ AngryAᴅᴠ yellPᴛ3c, "why\Q ɴᴇɢThinkAboutPᴛ1s thatCᴏɴᴊ 2ɪPʀoɴAʙʟ ClothRoofNᴏᴍ ᴘᴀsBlowPᴛ3u away WindAʙʟ!".
Patchouli and Remilia went to Youkai Moutain for camping. When Remilia was sleeping, Patchouli woke her up and said: "Look at the starry sky, Remi." Remilia asked with sleepy eyes: "Yeah, Patche. What's wrong?" "Just look at it!" Patchouli said unhappily, "Didn't that remind you of anything?" Remilia looked at the sky for a while and eventually replied: "It made me thought about how big the universe is, and how small we are we are in this big world." "Oh, Remilia Scarlet, you fool!" Patchouli yelled angrily, "Why didn't you think about that our tent was blown away by the wind?!"