Patchélogue

The author wishes to make it clear this project is currently undergoing significant construction or revamp.
By all means, take a look around. Thank you.

Progress 87%
	Stats Nouns 100% Verbs 95% Adjectives 83% Syntax 82% Words 500 of 1500

This page is basically a English-translated English-rewritten version of 帕提语.

Patchélogue
Type	Fusional
Alignment	Nominative-Accusative
Head direction	Mixed
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	2
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	69%
Statistics Nouns 50% Verbs 95% Adjectives 50% Syntax 82% Words 500 of 1500
Creator	简体中文使用者

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Classification and Dialects

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Patigulh(/'pʌtɪgʊl/, Vżɑiκṡu/'pʰatʰik⁼uɫʷ/, lit."Language of vanila") is an artlang created by Kaihan Zhang, a Chinese student.

In the Patigulh universe, Patigulh is spoken by about 120 million people in Patikyo and is the official language of it. Numerous colloquial varieties also exist.

Patikyo(Vżɑiᴚſṣ/'pʰatʰikʰjo/, lit."Land of vanila") is a great empire in an alternate universe which is far from ours.

Phonology

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The stress is always on the syllable before the last one.

Vovel

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y	ɨ~ɿ~ʅ	u
Mid	e ø		o
Low		ᴀ~a

1. When [ɨ] appears after [s/ts⁼/tsʰ], it becomes [ɿ]，when after [ʂ/tʂ⁼/tʂʰ], it becomes[ʅ]，otherwise [ɨ/ɿ/ʅ] is all acceptable.
2. Both[ᴀ/a] is acceptable.

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	plain	p⁼	t⁼			k⁼
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ			kʰ	ʔ
Fricative		f	s	ʃ~ʂ	(ɕ)	x
Africative	plain		ts⁼	tʃ⁼~tʂ⁼	(tɕ⁼)
	aspirated		tsʰ	tʃʰ~tʂʰ	(tɕʰ)
Approximant		ʋ~w	l ɬʷ	ɹ	j

1. [h/kʰ/k⁼] are palatalised [ɕ/tɕʰ/tɕ⁼] before [i], but the spelling doesn't change.
2. [pʰ/tʰ/kʰ] are disaspiratised [p⁼/t⁼/k⁼] after[s/ʂ], the spelling also change.
3. [p⁼/t⁼/k⁼] are unreleased [p̚/t̚/k̚] at the end of a syllable.

Writing System

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Patigulh is written in Higilsamo(ʞiκinqżʎṣ/'xitɕ⁼iɬsamo/, lit."Saint-letter"), which looks like Latin letters. The reason is that a passing-by time-traveller accidently dropped his comic books into the Patigulh universe when getting lost in time-axis.

The Latin transliteration below is never used by Patikio people, only by the author, in order to make Patigulh more readable.

There are recently 27 letters in Higilsamo.

Consonants

Letter	ᐯv ʋ	ㄚy ʯ	ᐱʌ л	人ʎ ɦ
Phonetic	pʰ ‹p›	f ‹f›	p⁼ ‹b›	m ‹m›
Letter	ᐃɑ ɑ	ᗅq ɋ	ᐁɒ ɒ	ᗄb ɓ
Phonetic	tʰ ‹t›	s ‹s›	t⁼ ‹d›	ʃ~ʂ ‹c›
Letter	ꓘᴚ ᴚ	ᖷʞ ʞ	𝖪ĸ ʀ	ᖶk ƙ
Phonetic	kʰ ‹k›	x ‹h›	k⁼ ‹g›	ʔ ‹'›
Letter	⨅n n	ᒣƞ ɳ	⨆u u	ᒪև և
Phonetic	l ‹l›	n ‹n›	ɫʷ ‹lh›	ŋ ‹ng›

Vowels

Letter	Γſ l	Iʃ ʃ	Jȷ ȷ
Phonetic	j ‹y›	ɹ ‹j›	w ‹w›
Letter	İi ì	Żż z̀	Ṡṡ s̀
Phonetic	i ‹i›	ᴀ~a ‹a›	u ‹u›
Letter	Ịı̣ ı̗	Ẓẓ z̗	Ṣṣ s̗
Phonetic	e ‹e›	ɨ ‹r›	o ‹o›
Letter	Ṩṩ s̗̀	Ị̇ẓ̇ ı̗̀
Phonetic	oʊ ‹ou›	aɪ ‹ai›

diagraph

Letter	ɑq	ɒq	ɑb	ɒb	ṡi	ṣı̣	ᴚi	ʞi	κi
Phonetic	tsʰ ‹ts›	ts⁼ ‹ds›	tʃ~tʂʰ ‹tc›	tʃ~tʂ⁼ ‹dc›	y ‹ui›	ø ‹oe›	tɕʰi ‹qi›	ɕi ‹xi›	tɕ⁼i ‹zi›

Spelling

u(lh) only appear at the end of a word. If any letter appears after it, the u(lh) will become n(l).

• ṣqı̣u(oselh)"teach" → ṣqı̣nṡq(oselus)"teacher"

v(p), ɑ(t) or ᴚ(k) won't appears behind a q(s) unless they are at the end of a word. If they had to, they only become ʌ(b), ɒ(d) or κ(g).

• ɒı̣qɑ(dest)"was" → ɒı̣qɒiƞ(desdin)"been"

Plosives like p/t/k/b/d/g should never be followed by another plosive. If they had to, an "u" will appear after the p/b/k/g, and an "o" will appear after the t/d.

Spellings like ſi(yi), ȷṡ(wu) or even ʃẓ(jr) are banned in Patigulh.

ᴚiṩ(qiou) is pronounced as /tɕʰiou/, and ᴚſṩ(kyou) is pronounced as /kjou/:

• Kı̣ƞqṩᴚſṣ(Gensoukyo)"Fantasy-land"
• Kı̣ƞqṩᴚiṣ(Gensouqio)"Fantasy-ball"

Punctuation

Punctuation	,	｡	;	⨟	⌊ ⌉	◌̊ ◌̥	｡｡｡	｡｡,
Name	Period	Comma	Exclamation	Exclam-comma	Quotation marks	Rising tone mark	Ellipsis	Sentence-ending Ellipsis

Vżɑbiṩni ʞżƞżq ẓ｡ ⌊żnṣʞżſṩ⨟ ȷṣ ʌiq Vżɑbiṩni,⌉, Δbiż ʞżƞżqı̣u ƞz̊ƞ, Δbiż ʞżƞżqı̣u ẓ ɑbiż ɒı̣q Vżɑbiṩni; ż｡｡｡ ſṣλṣ｡｡,

Patchouli says: "Hello! I am Pachouli". what did she say? She said that she is Patchouli! Ah... maybe....

If the quotation can be considered a word in the sentence, periods should be add both inside and outside the quotation. Otherwise, only inside the quotation needs a period.

• ȷṣ ʞżƞżq ⌊żnṣʞżſṩ,⌉, (Wo hanas "Alohajou.".) I say "Hello.".
• ȷṣ｡ ⌊żnṣʞżſṩ,⌉ (Wo, "Alohajou.") Me: "Hello."

If only the first half of the sentence needs exclaiming, an exclaim-comma should be used.

• ȷṣi⨟ ȷṣ ᴚṣᴚ iu, (Woi!, wo kok ilh.) "Hey, I'm here!"

There is no question marks in Patigulh. In interrogative sentences, there should be a rising tone on the word being asked about, whose dots should be changed into rings (so-called "rising tone mark"):

• ᴚṣu ɒı̣q ƞz̊ƞ. (kol des nan^?.) "This is what^?."
• ɑs̥ƞɑ ɑżʌı̣u ᴚṣu. (talh^? tabelh kolh) "Who^? ate this."

There is no colon in Patigulh. A comma is placed wherever, in English, a colon would be used.

• ȷṣ ʞżƞżq｡ ⌊żnṣʞżſṩ,⌉, (Wo hanas, "Alohajou.".) I say:"Hello.".

Grammar

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	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Nouns	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Particle	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No

Nouns

In Patigulh, nouns decline based on number and case, gender is shown by atricles.

Usually, plural is made by adding plural suffix -ʎ(m) to the ending of the singular noun, whether the word ends by a consonant or vowel.

• qżʌżu(sabalh)"cat" → qżʌżnʎ(sabalm)"cats"
• ʎiᴚi(miki)"mouse" → ʎiᴚiʎ(mikim)"mouse"

However, some nouns change irregularly.

• ṣſṣ(oyo)"eye" → ı̣ſı̣(eye)"eyes"
• ṩvẓ̇(oupai)"boob" → ṩvẓ̇(oupai)"boobs"

4 cases are marked in Patigul, They are:

• Nominative — marks the subject.
• Instrumental — marks the instrument.(I personally call it "indirect subject.")
• Dative — marks the indirect object.
• Accusative — marks the object.

Take an English and a Patigulh sentence for example:

The mouse gave the cat a flower with its hands.

ı̣nı̣ ʎiᴚiȷż ɑżq ṣɑı̣ʎiż κẓ̇yı̣u ı̣nı̣ qżʌżniṣ ż ʞṡżƞżȷṣ.

Pay attention to ṣɑı̣ʎiż(otemia)"handsᴵⁿˢ". It shows that the plural suffix comes after the case suffix.

Noun

End	Elsewhere	Nominative	Instrumental	Dative	Accusative
Constant	ʎiᴚi(miki)	ʎiᴚiȷż(mikiwa)	ʎiᴚiſż(mikija)	ʎiᴚiſṣ(mikijo)	ʎiᴚiȷṣ(mikiwo)
Vowel	qżʌżu(sabalh)	qżʌżnż(sabala)	qżʌżniż(sabalia)	qżʌżniṣ(sabalio)	qżʌżnṣ(sabalo)

Proper nouns and gerunds doesn't decline by number or case:

• Aṡiᴚż ɑżʌ ᴚẓ̇ᴚiȷṣ(Suika tab kaiqiwo)"Suika eats cake."
• Aṡiᴚżȷż ɑżʌ ᴚẓ̇ᴚi(Suikawa tab Kaiqi)"Watermelon eats Kaiki"
• Δżʌiև qṡiᴚżʎ qżvnibı̣u Aṡiᴚż(Tabing suikam saplicelh Suika)"Eating watermelons surprises Suika."

There are 2 genders in Patigulh, which is not divided by sеx but animate/inanimate. It is shown by changing the article of the noun.

It should be noticed that a noun's gender isn't always the same. For example, "water" can be either animate or inanimate depending on the context.

Noun

Starts by	Inanimative	Animative
Consonant	żnż qżʌżu(ala sabalh)"the cat" ż qżʌżu(a sabalh)"a cat"	ı̣nı̣ qżʌżu(ele sabalh)"the cat" ı̣ qżʌżu(e sabalh)"a cat"
Vovel	żn ẓ̇vṩ(al aipou)"the apple" żƞ ẓ̇vṩ(an aipou)"an apple"	ı̣n ẓ̇vṩ(el aipou)"the apple" ı̣ƞ ẓ̇vṩ(en aipou)"an apple"

Pronouns

In Patigulh, pronouns are divided as personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns pluralize based on person, number and case, but not gender.

Personal pronouns

		Nominative	Accusative	Plural(N. or A.)
1st person	Normal	ȷṣ(wo) I	ȷi(wi) me	żƞɑẓ̇(antai)you&we¹ żɑẓ̇(atai)we
	Humblific	ʎṣ(mo) ᴴᵘᵐᵇˡᵉI	ʎi(mi) ᴴᵘᵐᵇˡᵉme
2nd person	Normal	ɒṡ(du) thou	ɒi(di) thee	żƞɑż(anta) you
	Honorific	ƞṣƞ(non) ᴴᵒⁿᵒʳthou	ƞiƞ(nin) ᴴᵒⁿᵒʳthee
3rd person	Masc. Neut.	ɑż(ta) he/it	ɑżƞ(tan) him/it	ɑżʎ(tam) they
	Fem.	ɑbiż(tcia) she	abiżƞ(tcian) her	ɑbiżʎ(tciam) ᶠᵉᵐthey
4th person		ᴚṡ(ku) alt-he²	ᴚṡƞ(kun) alt-him	ᴚṡʎ(kum) alt-they
Interrogative		ɑżu(talh) who	ɑżnı̣(tale) whom	ɑżnı̣ʎ(talem) whoes

1. żƞɑżn(antai)"you&we" is inclusive and żɑẓ̇(atai)"we" is exclusive. That is：żƞɑẓ̇(antai)"you&we" includes "you" inside "we", while żɑẓ̇(atai)"we" does not:

   Vżɑbiṩni ʞżƞżq biƞᴚi ẓ｡ ⌊żnżṡ (żƞɑẓ̇/żɑẓ̇) ȷı̣ɒṣƞ qʎiɒż,⌉,

   Patciouli hanas Cinqi r: "Alau (antai/atai) wedon smida.".

   Patchouli tells Shinki: "Please allow (you&me/us) get married".

   →Patchouli wants to marry (Shinki/Alice).

2. Patigulh features a "fourth person" pronoun ᴚṡ(ku)"alt-he". It is used when the "third person" pronoun had already referred to someone else, i.e.:

   vżɑbiṩni ȷiɒiſı̣u ẓ ʎżniqż ɒı̣qɑ ɑżɑbiƞ (ɑbiżq/ᴚṡq) ṩvẓ̇,

   Patciouli widiyelh r Malisa dest tatcin (tcias/kus) oupai.

   Patchouli saw that Marisa is touching (her/alt-her) chest.

   →Marisa is touching (herselfs/Patchouli's) chest.

The possessive form of personal pronouns can be made by adding an "s", but only personal pronouns.

The word żṡɑṣ(auto)"self" is any of the pronouns' reflexive form. Whether it stands for "yourself" of "myself" or else relys on the context.

Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns is very regular in Patigulh. It can be numerously generated by using the prefixes shown below:

demonstrative pronouns

	Proximal	Medial¹	Distal	Existential		???	Interro gative	Negative
				Elective	Assertive
Prefix	ᴚṣ~(ko~) this~	qṣ~(so~) thy~	ṣ~(o~) that~	ſṣ~(jo~) any~	ʎṣ~(mo~) some~	ᴚṣ~(ho~) every~	ɑṣ~(to~) what~	ƞṣ~(no~) no~
Adj.	ᴚṣƞ(kon) this	qṣƞ(son) thy	ṣƞ(on) that	ſṣƞ(jon) any	ʎṣƞ(mon) some	ᴚṣƞ(hon) every	ɑṣƞ(ton) which	ƞṣƞ(non) no
Noun	ᴚṣu(kolh) this-thing	qṣu(solh) thy-thing	ṣu(olh) that-thing	ſṣu(jolh) anything	ʎṣu(molh) something	ᴚṣu(holh) every-thing	ɑṣu(tolh) which-thing	ƞṣu(nolh) nothing
Adv.	ᴚṣqɑ(kost) thishow	qṣqɑ(sost) thyhow	ṣqɑ(ost) thathow	ſṣqɑ(jost) anyhow	ʎṣqɑ(most) somehow	ᴚṣqɑ(host) everyhow	ɑṣqɑ(tost) how	ƞṣqɑ(nost) no way
Place	ᴚṣᴚ(kok) here	qṣᴚ(sok) thyre	ṣᴚ(ok) there	ſṣᴚ(jok) anywhere	ʎṣᴚ(mok) somewhere	ᴚṣᴚ(hok) every-where	ɑṣᴚ(tok) where	ƞṣᴚ(nok) nowhere
Time	ᴚṣb(koc) this-time	qṣb(soc) thy-time	ṣb(oc) that-time	ſṣb(joc) anytime	ʎṣb(moc) sometime	ᴚṣb(hoc) everytime	ɑṣb(toc) whichtime	ƞṣb(noc) no time
People	ᴚṣƞɑ(kont) thisbody	qṣƞɑ(sont) thybody	ṣƞɑ(ont) thatbody	ſṣƞɑ(jont) anybody	ʎṣƞɑ(mont) somebody	ᴚṣƞɑ(hont) everybody	ɑṣƞɑ(tont) which-body²	ƞṣƞɑ(nont) nobody
Reason	ᴚṣyṣ(kofo) herefore	qṣyṣ(sofo) thyrefore	ṣyṣ(ofo) therefore	ſṣyṣ(jofo) anywhe-refore	ʎṣyṣ(mofo) somewhe-refore	ᴚṣyṣ(hofo) everywhe-refore	ɑṣyṣ(tofo) wherefore	ƞṣyṣ(nofo) nowhe-refore

1. The difference between qṣƞ(son)"this" and ṣƞ(on)"thy" is that qṣƞ is something close to the listener, while ṣƞ is something far from both the listener and the speaker.
2. ɑṣƞɑ(tont)"whichbody" and ɑżu(talh)"who" means the same, expect that the former one is more formal. And the same goes with ɑṣu(tolh)"which thing" and ƞżƞ(nan)"what".

Adjectives

Adjectives in Patigul do not decline. Comparatives and superlatives are shown by two adverbs: κı̣ƞ(gen)"more" and qẓ̇(sai)"most".

• κżṡ(gau)"high" → κı̣ƞ κżṣ(gen gau)"higher" → qẓ̇ κżṣ(sai gau)"highest"

Verbs

In Patigulh, verbs conjugate based on tense, voice and number, but not person.

The tense system of Patigulh consists of twelve(that is, 3×4) tenses, three simple tenses and four aspects.

The simple tenses are: past tense, present tense and future tense.

The aspects are: completed aspect, simple aspect progressive aspect and so-called "starting aspect".

tense<br\>aspect	Future	Present	Past
simple	ɑżʌṣu(tabolh)<br\>"will eat"	ɑżʌ(tab)<br\>"eat"	ɑżʌı̣u(tabelh)<br\>"ate"
completed	ʞı̣ȷż ɑżʌı̣ƞ(hewa taben)<br\>"will have eaten"	ʞı̣ɒ ɑżʌı̣ƞ(hed taben)<br\>"have eaten"	ʞı̣qɑ ɑżʌı̣ƞ(hest taben)<br\>"had eaten"
progressive	ɒı̣ȷż ɑżʌiƞ(dewa tabin)<br\>"will be eating"	ɒı̣q ɑżʌiƞ(des tabin)<br\>"is eating"	ɒı̣qɑ ɑżʌiƞ(dest tabin)<br\>"was eating"
starting	κṣɑż ɑżʌṣƞ(gota tabon)<br\>"will get to eat"	κṣɑ ɑżʌṣƞ(got tabon)<br\>"get to eat"	κṣqɑ ɑżʌṣƞ(gost tabon)<br\>"got to eat"

About the "-elh" suffix, if the root word:

1. Ends with an consonant, the suffix does not change: ɑżʌ(tab)"eat" → ɑżʌı̣u(tabelh)"ate"
2. Ends with a non-e vovel, a "y" appears before the suffix: ᴚiƞṣ(kino)"throw" → ᴚiƞṣſı̣u(kinoyel)"threw"
3. Ends with an "e", the suffix appears without an "e": ṣqı̣(ose)"teach" → ṣqı̣u(osel)"taught"

About the "-olh" suffix, if the root word:

1. Ends with an consonant, the suffix does not change: ɑżʌ(tab)"eat" → ɑżʌṣu(tabolh)"will eat"
2. Ends with a non-o vovel, a "w" appears before the suffix: ṣqı̣(ose)"teach" → ṣqı̣ȷṣu(osewol)"will teach"
3. Ends with an "o", the suffix appears without an "o": ᴚiƞṣ(kino)"throw" → ᴚiƞṣu(kinol)"will throw"

The same goes with "-en" "-on" suffixes.

Irregular verbs like：ɒı̣q(des)"be", ʞı̣ɒ(hed)"have", κṣɑ(got)"get", qṡu(sul)"do" conjugate irregularly.

	Present	Past	Future
be*	ɒı̣q(des)	ɒı̣qɑ(dest)	ɒı̣ƞ(den)
	ʎżq(mas)	ʎżqɑ(mast)	ʎżƞ(man)
	ʌiq(bis)	ʌiqɑ(bist)	ʌiƞ(bin)
have	ʞı̣ɒ(hed)	ʞı̣qɑ(hest)	ʞı̣y(hef)
get	κṣɑ(got)	κṣqɑ(gost)	κṣƞ(gon)
do	qṡu(sul)	qı̣u(sel)	qṣu(sol)

• The word "be" conjugates based on person, so every form has itself's tense conjugatation.

As for the irregular verbs, their (past/present/future) participle is their (past/present/future) tense form with the suffix -iƞ(in), and their (past/present/future) gerund is their (past/present/future) tense form with the suffix -iև(ing). That is:

• ʌiqɑ(bist)"was" → ʌiqɒiƞ(bisdin)"been" → ʌiqɒiև(bisding)"being(gerund)"

Verbs also have a passive voice conjugation.

Tense	Future	Present	Past
Passive voice	ʌiɑżʌṣu(bitabolh)<br\>"will be eaten"	ʌiɑżʌ(bitab)<br\>"is eaten"	ʌiɑżʌı̣u(bitabelh)<br\>"was eaten"

Participles

Patriciple	Future	Present	Past
simple	ɑżʌṣƞ(tabon)<br\>≈"to eat"	ɑżʌiƞ(tabin)<br\>≈"eating"	ɑżʌı̣ƞ(taben)<br\>"eaten"

As for the irregular verbs, their (past/present/future) participle is their (past/present/future) tense form with the suffix -iƞ(in).

	Present	Past	Future
verb	ɒı̣q(des)"is"	ɒı̣qɑ(dest)"was"	ɒı̣ƞ(den)"will be"
participle	ɒı̣qiƞ(desin)"being"	ɒı̣qɒiƞ(desdin)"been"	ɒı̣ƞiƞ(denin)≈"to be"

Participles can be used to form aspects. Past participle forms completed aspect, present particle for progressive aspect, future particle for "starting aspect".

	Future	Present	Past
	κṣɑ ɑżʌṣƞ(got tabon)<br\>"get to eat"	ɒı̣q ɑżʌiƞ(des tabin)<br\>"is eating"	ʞı̣ɒ ɑżʌı̣ƞ(hed taben)<br\>"have eaten"

Gerund

Patriciple	Future	Present	Past
simple	ɑżʌṣև(tabon)<br\>≈"to eat"	ɑżʌiև(tabin)<br\>"eating"	ɑżʌı̣և(taben)<br\>≈"having eaten"

As for the irregular verbs, their (past/present/future) gerund is their (past/present/future) tense form with the suffix -iև(ing).

	Present	Past	Future
verb	ɒı̣q(des)"is"	ɒı̣qɑ(dest)"was"	ɒı̣ƞ(den)"will be"
participle	ɒı̣qiև(desin)"being"	ɒı̣qɒiև(desdin)"having been"	ɒı̣ƞiև(denin)≈"to be"

The (past/future) gerunds are used to express the action happen (before/after) the verb.

• ṡɒṡᴚi ᴚṡᴚṣև (uduqi kukong) "forget to cook"
• ṡɒṡᴚi ᴚṡᴚiև (uduqi kuqing) "forget cooking"
• ṡɒṡᴚi ᴚṡᴚı̣և (uduqi kukeng) "forget having cooked"

Pay attention to the word ᴚṡᴚiև(kuqing)"cooking". It wasn't wirtten as ᴚṡᴚiևṣ(kuqingo)"cookingᴼᵇʲ", because gerunds don't decline by number or case.

Prepositions

Prepositions

"at" class	"to" class¹	"of" class
ɒı̣(de)at	ʎżɒı̣(made)to	yṣƞ(fon)of
ni(li)in	ʎżni(deli)into	niyṣƞ(lifon)in-of
ȷẓ̇ɑ(wait)out	ɒı̣ȷẓ̇ɑ(dewait)out-to	ȷẓ̇ɑyṣƞ(waitfon)out-of
ȷı̣(we)up	ʎżȷı̣(mawe)up-to	ȷı̣yṣƞ(wefon)up-of
qżʌ(sab)down	ʎżqżʌ(masab)down-to	qżʌyṣƞ(sabfon)down-of
ƞżkı̣(na'e)left	ʎżƞżkı̣(mana'e)left-to	ƞżkı̣yṣƞ(na'efon)left-of
ƞżnṣ(nalo)right	ʎżƞżnṣ(manalo)right-to	ƞżnṣyṣƞ(nalofon)right-of
żʌ(ab)front	ʎżʌ(mab)front-to	żʌyṣƞ(abfon)front-of
ʌı̣ᴚ(bek)back	ʎżʌı̣ᴚ(mabek)back-to	ʌı̣ᴚyṣƞ(bekfon)back-of

1. There also exists a "'from' class", which is formed by adding "żṡq(aus)from" after the preposition. It isn't shown in the table.

The "to" class prepositions are used to form adverbtive modifying phrases.

• ʎżɒı̣ żnż ʞżq qɒı̣v. (made ala has sdep.) [To the house walk.] "Walk to the house".
• ʎżni żnż ʞżq qɒı̣v. (mali ala has sdep.) [Into the house walk.] "Walk into the house".

The "of" class prepositions are used to form adjective modifying phrases, which comes before the noun it modifies:

• Yṣƞ żnż ʎṡɒ żƞ ẓ̇vṩ, (Fon ala mud an aipou.) [Of the tree an apple.] "An apple of the tree."
• Jṣ ɑżʌ niyṣƞ żnż ʎṡɒʎ żnż ẓ̇vṩʎṣ, (Wo tab lifon mudm aipoumo.) [I eat in-of the trees the apples] "I eat apples in the tree."

Clauses

PS: It is now still a mess.

• ẓ(r)"that" — introduces any nominal clause and direct speech.
• ɑżn(tal)"who" — introduces nominal clause of person.
• ƞżƞ(nan)"what" — introduces nominal clause of object.
• ɑṣb(toc)"when" — introduces nominal clause of time.
• ɑṣᴚ(tok)"where" — introduces nominal clause of place.
• ɒżʎ(dam)"when" — introduces adverbial clause of time.
• ṡʌi(ubi)"where" — introduces adverbial clause of place.

ȷṣ ʞżƞżqı̣u ɑżƞ ɑṣb ȷṣ ɑżʌı̣u,(wo hanaselh tan toc wo tab.)"I told him when I ate." → I told him the time in which I ate.

ȷṣ ɒżʎ ȷṣ ɑżʌı̣u ʞżƞżqı̣u ɑżƞ,(wo ubi wo tabel hanasel tan.)"When I ate I told him." → I told him in the time I ate.

Syntax

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Head direction

Adjectives always come before the noun they modify, and so are modifying phrases and clauses.

Adverbs always come before the verb they modify, and so are modifying phrases and clauses.

Possession

Possession is made by using the particle yṣƞ(fon)of, which is similar with "of" in English. Differently, pronouns' possessive form is made by adding suffix q(s)xx's. For example:

• ȷṣq ẓ̇vṩ｡ ɒṡq ẓ̇vṩ,(Wos aipou, dus aipou.)"My apple, your apple."
• Yṣƞ Vżɑbiṩni ẓ̇vṩ,(Patciouli kai aipou.)"Patchouli's apple."

Pronouns' possessive pronoun is same as theirs possessive form.

• ȷṣq｡ ɒṡq,(Wos, dus.)"Mine, yours."

Voices

In Patigulh, active voice uses a Subject-Verb-Object word order.

Passive voice uses a OVS word order. It is formed by adding the prefix ʌi(bi) before the verb:

qżʌżnż ɑżʌ ʎiᴚiȷṣ,(Sabala tab mikiwo)"Cat eats mouse."

ʎiᴚiȷż ʌiɑżʌ qżʌżnṣ,(Mikiwa bitab sabalo)"Mouse is eaten by cat."

Mood

Declarative

The Affirmative Sentences in Patigulh uses a SVO word order.

To make a sentence negative, the prefix żn(al-)"doesn't-" should be added to the beginning of the verb. However, this prefix has many other forms:

Negative Preffix

Preffix	Verb begins with
żʎ(am)	v/y/ʌ (p/f/b)
żƞ(an)	ɑ/q/ɒ/b (t/s/d/c)
żև(ang)	ᴚ/κ (k/g)
ż(a)	ʎ/ƞ/n (m/n/l)
żn(al)	All else

• ȷṣ ʌẓ̇｡ ȷṣ ʎẓ̇,(Wo bai, wo mai.)"I buy, I sell."
• ȷṣ żʎʌẓ̇｡ ȷṣ żʎẓ̇,(Wo ambai, wo amai.)"I don't buy, I don't sell."

• ȷṣ binż,(Wo cila.)"I know."
• ȷṣ żƞbinż,(Wo ancila.)"I don't know."

Interrogative

Questioning sentences in Patigulh is devided into "general questions" and "special questions".

Before going further, notice that Patigulh don't have question marks.

General questons (Yes/No questions) are created by taking the verb(and its adverb) to the beginning of the sentence.

• ɒṡ ſṩᴚni ɑżʌı̣u ẓ̇ ẓ̇vṩȷṣ,(Du joukli tabelh e aipouwo,)[Thou slow-ly eat-ed aⁱᴬᵐⁱ appleᴼᵇʲ]"You ate an apple slowly."
• ſṩᴚni ɑz̊ʌs̥u ɒṡ ẓ̇ qżκṣ,(Joukli tabelh du ai sago,)"Slowly ate^? you an apple?/Did you eat an apple slowly?"

Special questons (Wh- questions) are created by taking the subject or object or anything with interrogative pronouns.

• ᴚṣu ɒı̣q ƞz̊ƞ. (kol des nan^?.)[This is what^?.]"What is this?"
• ɑs̥ƞɑ ɑżʌı̣u ᴚṣu. (talh^? tabelh wi) "Who^? ate this."

Imperative

Imperative in Patigulh can be easily made by simply add the interjective ɒı̣(de)"imp."(or qʎiɒż(smida)"please" to show polite) before the whole sentence.

• ɑżʌ,(Tab.)"To eat."
• ɑżʌ ɒı̣,(Tab de.)"Eat."
• ɑżʌ qʎiɒż,(Tab smida.)"Please eat."

Conditional

Conditional mood can be made by adding the suffix -ṡu(ulh) to the end of the verb. But if the verb ends with a vovel, an "k(')" will be placed before the "ṡ(u)".

The Conditional suffix comes before the tense suffix: ɑżʌṡnı̣u(tabulel)"would have eaten".

	Past	Present	Future
Normal	ɑżʌı̣u	ɑżʌ	ɑżʌṣu
Conditional	ɑżʌṡnı̣u	ɑżʌṡu	ɑżʌṡnṣu

The tense of conditional verbs agrees with other verbs in the context.

• Jṣ ȷiq ẓ ȷṣ ʌiqṡu ı̣ nṣniȷṣ,(Wo wis r wo bisulh e loliwo.)"I wish that I were a girl."
• Jṣ ȷiqı̣u ẓ ȷṣ ʌiqɒṡu ẓ nṣniȷṣ,(Wo wiselh r wo bisdulh e loliwo.)"I wished that I had been a girl."

Lexicon

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Main articlle: Patigulh/Lexicon

The table of personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns can be found above.

Suffixes

Suffixes can change the word's meaning from verb to noun, noun to adjective/adverb, and so on.

Suffixes

Suffix	Meaning	Similar	Type	Examples
~iև	the action of ~ing	~ing (n.)	v.→n.	ɑżʌ(tab)eat → ɑżʌiⴑ(tabing)eating(n.)
~[V]bẓƞ ~[C]ibẓƞ	thing used in ~ing	~tion	v.→n.	ɑżʌ(tab)eat → ɑżʌı̣bẓƞ(tabecrn)food
~iƞ	be ~ing	~ing (adj.)	v.→adj.	ʞżƞżq(hanas)say → ʞżƞżqiƞ(hanasin)speaking(adj.)
~[V]y ~[C]iy	be often ~ing	~ive	v.→adj.	ʞżƞżq(hanas)say → ʞżƞżqiy(hanasif)speakactive
~[V]ƞż ~[C]i	be of ~	~y	n.→adj.	vżɑq(pats)Knowledge → vżɑbi(patci)Knowledgable
~ṡև	the action of being of ~	~ness	adj.→n.	ʎı̣ɒ(med)mad → ʎı̣ɒṡⴑ(medung)madness
~b	make sth. ~	~fy	adj. → v.	ʌı̣nṣ(belo)beautiful→ʌı̣nṣb(beloc)beautify
~yż	make sth. be of ~	~ize	n.→v.	qɒṩ(sdou)stone → qɒṩyż(sdoufa)fossilize
~ni	in the method of ~	~ly	adj.→adv.	ʌṣƞɒṣ(bondo)real → ʌṣƞɒṣni(bondoli)really
~ṡq ~ı̣q	man/woman who ~	~er ~ess	v.→n.	ṣqı̣u(oselh)teach → ṣqı̣nṡq(oselus)teacher

Preffixes

Preffixes can change word's meaning to a related one. They seldon change the word's kind.

Preffixes

Preffix	Meaning	Similar	Type	Examples
żn~ (varies)	doesn't do ~	un-	v.	binż(cila)"know" → żƞbinż(ancila)"doesn't know" ʌẓ̇(bai)"buy" → żʎʌẓ̇(ambai)"don't buy"
in~ (varies)	not ~	in-	adj. adv.	biƞı̣(cine)"dead" → iƞbiƞı̣(incine)"undead" ʌṣƞ(bon)"good" → iʎʌṣƞ(imbon)"ungood"
ɒṣ~	extremly ~	ex~	adj.	qżɒi(sadi)"violent"→ɒṣqżɒi(dosadi)"extremely violent" ʌṣƞ(bon)"good" → ɒṣʌṣƞ(dobon)"overgood"

Swadesh table

No.	English	Patigulh
1	I	ȷṣ(wo)
2	you (singular)	ɒṡ(du)
3	he	ɑż(ta)
4	we	ɑbiż(tcia)
5	you (plural)	żƞɑż(anta)
6	they	ɑżʎ(tam)
7	this	ᴚṣu(kolh)
8	that	ṣu(olh)
9	here	ᴚṣᴚ(kok)
10	there	ṣᴚ(ok)
11	who	ɑżu(talh)
12	what	ƞżƞ(nan)
13	where	ɑṣᴚ(tok)
14	when	ɑṣb(toc)
15	how	ɑṣqɑ(tost)
16	not	żƞ(an)
17	all	ʞṣnṣ(holo)
18	many	ɑżɒṣ(tado)
19	some	qı̣(se)
20	few	yiṡ(fiu)
21	other	żnɑ(alt)
22	one	ſżɒ(yad)
23	two	ɒṣq(dos)
24	three	qżƞ(san)
25	four	ſṣƞ(yon)
26	five	yẓ̇(fai)
27	big	ɒẓ̇(dai)
28	long	nṣƞ(lon)
29	wide	ȷiɒı̣(wide)
30	thick	ʞṩ(hou)
31	heavy	yẓ̇(fai)
32	small	ᴚṣ(ko)
33	short	bṣɒ(cod)
34	narrow	qʌṣ(sbo)
35	thin	ſżqı̣u(yaselh)
36	woman	ſżƞ(yan)
37	man (adult male)	ƞżʎ(nam)
38	man (human being)	ʞṣʎṣ(homo)
39	child	ᴚiɒṣ(qido)
40	wife	ʞżnı̣(hale)
41	husband	ʌı̣ᴚi(beqi)
42	mother	ʎṡʎż(muma)
43	father	yṡʌż(fuba)
44	animal	ɑqṡ(tsu)
45	fish	yiq(fis)
46	bird	ɑṡiɒ(tuid)
47	dog	qƞṡʌi(snubi)
48	louse	bẓqż(crsa)
49	snake	ṡɑżʞṡ(utahu)
50	worm	niκ(lig)
51	tree	ʎṡɒ(mud)
52	forest	ʎṣni(moli)
53	stick	nṣɒ(lod)
54	fruit	κṣqż(gosa)
55	seed	ƞı̣ɑż(neta)
56	leaf	ı̣qż(esa)
57	root	nṡɒ(lud)
58	bark	ȷżƞ(wan)
59	flower	ʞṡżƞż(huana)
60	grass	ȷżnż(wala)
61	rope	ƞżȷż(nawa)
62	skin	viy(pif)
63	meat	ſṣκ(yog)
64	blood	ᴚı̣ɑq(kets)
65	bone	qżƞż(sans)
66	fat	—
67	egg	ʌṣu(bolh)
68	horn	ɑqṡƞṣ(tsuno)
69	tail	ſı̣ʌż(jeba)
70	feather	ȷiʎṣ(wimo)
71	hair	ʎṣyż(mofa)
72	head	żɑʎż(atma)
73	ear	żɒṣ(ado)
74	eye	ṣſṣ(oyo)
75	nose	ʌiqż(bisa)
76	mouth	yı̣nż(fela)
77	tooth	ɑṡq(tus)
78	tongue	qı̣ɑṣ(seto)
79	fingernail	ſṡʌibı̣u(yubicelh)
80	foot	ʌżu(balh)
81	leg	żbi(aci)
82	knee	żbibı̣u(acicelh)
83	hand	żʎṡ(amu)
84	wing	ɑqẓʌż(tsrba)
85	belly	ɒṡy(duf)
86	guts	κżɑq(gats)
87	neck	ʌṣqż(bosa)
88	back	ʌẓ̇ᴚ(baik)
89	breast	ṩvẓ̇(oupai)
90	heart	ᴚnṣ(klo)
91	liver	κżƞ(gan)
92	drink	biniṡ(ciliu)
93	eat	ɑżʌ(tab)
94	bite	ſżṡ(yau)
95	suck	biqżκ(cisag)
96	spit	vṣi(poi)
97	vomit	ṣɑṡ(otu)
98	blow	yṡᴚi(fuki)
99	breathe	yṡbi(fuci)
100	laugh	ᴚqż(ksa)
101	see	ɑqı̣ƞ(tsen)
102	hear	żṡɒi(audi)
103	know	qinż(sila)
104	think	ɒiⴑᴚ(dingk)
105	smell	qṡʎ(sum)
106	fear	ᴚṡẓ̇(kuai)
107	sleep	ƞı̣u(nelh)
108	live	ʎṣʞż(moha)
109	die	biƞı̣(cine)
110	kill	ᴚẓṣq(kros)
111	fight	ȷżu(walh)
112	hunt	ɒżnı̣(dale)
113	hit	ʞiɑ(hit)
114	cut	ᴚżɒ(kad)
115	split	yṡƞ(fun)
116	stab	ɑbż(tca)
117	scratch	ᴚiκṡż(kigua)
118	dig	ȷżɒ(wad)
119	swim	ſṡſṣƞ(yuyon)
120	fly	—
121	walk	ʌṡκ(bug)
122	come	ᴚżʎ(kam)
123	lie	ɑżƞ(tan)
124	sit	qṡżu(sualh)
125	stand	ɑbi(tci)
126	turn	ʞiƞż(hina)
127	fall	ɒı̣u(delh)
128	give	κẓ̇y(gaif)
129	hold	ʞṣnṡɒ(holud)
130	squeeze	ɒbiż(dcia)
131	rub	ʃṩ(jou)
132	wash	ȷżbi(waci)
133	wipe	ɑżɑq(tats)
134	pull	vṡu(pulh)
135	push	ɑṣı̣(toe)
136	throw	ᴚiƞṣ(kino)
137	tie	ʌżƞɑẓ̇(bantai)
138	sew	yṣև(fong)
139	count	ʎı̣qı̣(mase)
140	say	ʞżƞżq(hanas)
141	sing	ṡɑżṡ(utau)
142	play	qʌiu(sbilh)
143	float	yṩɑ(fout)
144	flow	niṣ(lio)
145	freeze	yniq(flis)
146	swell	qṣı̣u(soel)
147	sun	ƞiʎż(nima)
148	moon	nṡƞż(luna)
149	star	qɒı̣nż(stela)
150	water	ʎiq(mis)
151	rain	qʎı̣(sme)
152	river	ᴚṡż(kua)
153	lake	ʎiqʎi(mismi)
154	sea	ṡʎ(um)
155	salt	qżnż(sala)
156	stone	qɒṩ(sdou)
157	sand	qƞżɒ(snad)
158	dust	ᴚqṡ(ksu)
159	earth	ɑṡɑi(tuti)
160	cloud	ᴚnżʎṣ(klamo)
161	fog	ᴚini(kili)
162	sky	ɑı̣ƞ(ten)
163	wind	ᴚżqẓ̇(kasai)
164	snow	ſṡᴚi(yuki)
165	ice	ɑbiu(tcilh)
166	smoke	ɑżʌżᴚ(tabak)
167	fire	ʎṣᴚṩ(mokou)
168	ash	—
169	burn	bżṡ(cau)
170	road	ɒṣu(dolh)
171	mountain	ſżʎż(yama)
172	red	nṡʌi(lubi)
173	green	nṡiƞ(luin)
174	yellow	ı̣nṣ(elo)
175	white	ʞṣȷżɑ(howat)
176	black	ʌnẓ̇ᴚ(blaik)
177	night	ſżſı̣(yaye)
178	day	ɑżκ(tag)
179	year	żƞṣ(ano)
180	warm	ɑżᴚẓ̇(takai)
181	cold	qżʎṣi(samoi)
182	full	ivẓ̇(ipai)
183	new	ƞı̣ȷṣ(newo)
184	old	ṣnṡɒṣ(oludo)
185	good	ʌṣƞ(bon)
186	bad	ʌnżq(blas)
187	rotten	—
188	dirty	—
189	straight	—
190	round	ʎżu(malh)
191	sharp	—
192	dull	ʌżκż(baga)
193	smooth	—
194	wet	—
195	dry	—
196	correct	ʌiևκṩ(binggou)
197	near	—
198	far	ṣı̣ƞ(oen)
199	right	ƞżnṣ(nalo)
200	left	ƞżkı̣(na'e)
201	at	ɒı̣(de)
202	in	ni(li)
203	with	ɑṣ(to)
204	and	ı̣ɑ(et)
205	if	ſṡκ(yug)
206	because	ᴚṡq(kus)
207	name	ƞżʎı̣(name)

Example text

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Daily phrase

1. żnṣʞżſṩ;(Alohajou!) Hello!
2. żnṩ;(Alou!) Hi!
3. qżnṡiƞżnż;(Saluinara!) Goodbye!
4. qżnẓ̇;(Salai!) Bye!
5. qṣniʎżqı̣ƞ,(solimasen.) Sorry.
6. żniκżƞqż,(Aligansa) Thank you!
7. qκı̣ɒẓ̇;(Sgedai) Fuск уоu!
   • See more ways to swear in Patigulh/explective.

"Our tent is missing!"

P.S.: Here are the marks I used in word-to-word translating version.

• -ᴺ=Nominative -ᴵ=Instrumental -ᴰ=Dative -ᴬ=Accusative
• -ᴵᵐᵖ=Imperative
• -ed=Past tense -will=Future tense
• -in'=Present particle; -en=Past particle; -to=Future particle
• -eng=Past gerund; -ing=Present gerund; -to=Future gerund

Vżɑbiṩni

ı̣ɑ

Πı̣ʎiniſż

ʎżɒı̣

ż

ſżʎżyṡn

ɒiyżƞ

iᴚı̣u

ᴚı̣ʎʌṣⴑ,

Δżʎ

Πı̣ʎiniż

ɒı̣qɑ

qnżyiƞ｡

Patciouli

et

Lemiliya

made

a

jamaful

difan

ikelh

kembong.

Dam

Lemiliya

dest

slafin,

Patchouli

and

Remilia

to-at

a

mountain-ful

area

go-ed

camp-to.

When

Remilia

is-ed

sleep-in',

Patchouli and Remilia went to a mountainious area to camp. When Remilia was sleeping,

Vżɑbiṩni

ȷżᴚı̣bı̣u

Πı̣ʎiniſż

ı̣ɑ

ʞżƞżqı̣u

ẓ｡

⌊Πı̣ʎi｡

ȷi̊ɒi̊

ɒṡ

ṣƞ

bṩyṡu

ṣᴚṡȷṣ

ɑı̣,⌉,

Patciouli

wakecelh

lemiliya

et

hanaselh

r,

"Lemi,

widi?

du

on

couful

okuwo

te.".

Patchouli

awake-ize-ed

Remilia

and

say-ed

that:

"Remi,

look?

thou

that

star-ful

skyᴬ

ᴵᵐᵖ"

Patchouli enwaked Remilia and said:"Remi, did you see that starry sky?"

Πı̣ʎiniſż

niʞżƞżqı̣u

ẓ｡

⌊ẓƞ｡

Vżɑbiṩni,

ƞz̊ƞ

ɒı̣q

ʌnżq,⌉,

⌊Jiɒi

ɒı̣;⌉

Vżɑbiṩni

iᴚżni

ʞżƞżqı̣u

Lemiliya

lihanaselh

r,

"Rn,

Patciouli.

Nan?

des

blas.".

"Widi

de!"

Patciouli

ikali

hanaselh

Remilia

re-speak-ed

that:

"Hmm,

Patchouli.

What?

is

bad.".

"Look

ᴵᵐᵖ!"

Patchouli

anger-ly

say-ed

Remilia answered:"Uh-huh, Patchouli. What's wrong?" "Look at it!" Patchouli said angrily,

ẓ｡	⌈z̊ƞʞı̥ɒ	ɒṡ	ı̣ƞi	ɒiⴑᴚbẓƞṣ,⌋	Πı̣ʎiniż	ſṣ	ȷiɒiʃı̣u	żu	ṣᴚṡȷṣ｡
r,	"anhed?	du	eni	dingkcrno."	Lemiliya	yo	widiyelh	alh	okuwo,
that:	"Un-have?	thou	any	think-tionᴬ"	Remilia	again	see	the	skyᴬ,
"Haven't you any thoughts?" Remilia looked at the sky again,

The Librarian's Prayer

iʞżƞyṣƞ Vżɑbiṩni ƞṣƞɑż ɒı̣q ı̣nı̣ nṣɒı̣qṣ｡ Kiƞſṩ ʞżu ɒı̣q yṣƞ Vżɑbiṩni ʌṣᴚṡqṣ,

żɑẓ̇q niyṣƞ żnż Viᴚqiy nṣɒı̣q｡ ȷiq ẓ ƞṣƞq ƞżʎı̣ȷż ʌiniȷiɒikṡu ʞiɑṣʎṣ｡ ȷiq ẓ ƞṣƞq nżı̣ƞż ᴚżʎṡu｡ ȷiq ẓ ƞṣƞq ṩɒżʎż ni żnż Aᴚṡniy ʌiṣyiƞ ni żnż Viᴚqiy ʌiqṡnṡu｡ żɑẓ̇q ɑżκi ƞṣnı̣ɑqṣ ı̣ɑ vżɑqṣ｡ ni ᴚṣɑżκ κiy żɑẓ̇ſṣ qʎiɒż｡ ᴚı̣ƞq żɑẓ̇q ʌżκżkṡև qʎiɒż｡ ʌiṣyiƞ żɑẓ̇ȷż ᴚı̣ƞqṣu yṣƞ ᴚiɑż ʞiɑṣʎ ʌżκżkṡև｡ żnı̣ɑ żɑẓ̇ſż ʎiɑ Aκı̣ɒẓ̇｡ nı̣ɑ ʞżnżqżᴚi yżb żɑẓ̇ſṣ, ᴚṡq żnż nżſı̣ƞyżȷṣƞ κı̣ƞqṩᴚſṣ bı̣ɒinż｡ ṣżƞni ɒı̣q ƞṣƞɒṣ｡ ʎżɒı̣ ı̣ſı̣ƞ, ʎṡᴚſṡ,

Our in-of theᶦᴬⁿᶦ [2D world] manage-ress, wish that ᴴᵒⁿyour nameᴺᵒᵐ be-re-seeᶜᵒⁿ person-sᴬᶜᶜ, wish that ᴴᵒⁿyour paradise comeᶜᵒⁿ, wish ᴴᵒⁿyour orders in theᶦᴬⁿᶦ [3D world] belike-in' in theᶦᴬⁿᶦ [2D world] be-doᶜᵒⁿ, our day-y wisdomᴬᶜᶜ and knowledgeᴬᶜᶜ, in this-day give us please, cancel our stupid-ness please, belike-in' we will-cancel of other people-s stupid-ness, un-let weᴵⁿˢ meet [Scedye] please, let [Horrorsucky] far-ish usᴰᵃᵗ please, because theᶦᴬᵐᶦ paradise-ize-to fantasy-land planᴺᵒᵐ, all-ly is ᴴᵒⁿyours, to-at ever. Mukyu.