Polijole/Dialects

note: most of the modern dialects' names are based off of their etymological-original classical polidish word, so the names may differ slightly

Proto-Polijole

qo liɟo'y jolà [kʷɑ liɟɑʔɣ̩ ɟɑlă], or often just shortened to qolijolà [kʷɑliɟɑlă] was spoken around 7820bc and was the oldest form of polidish, it was almost completely isolating, it also had a very strict CV word order.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labiovelar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋʷ
Plosive	ᵐb	t tʰ d	c cʰ ɟ	k kʰ g	kʷ kʷʰ gʷ	ʔ
Fricative		s	ç	x
Approximate		l	j		w

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i ĭ	u ŭ
Low	a ă	ɑ ɑ̆

there are no diphthongs

Syllabic Consonants

	Alveolar	Velar
Fricative	ɿ	ɣ̩

Romanisation

	Consonants	Vowels	Syllabics
IPA	ᵐb gʷ g d x ɟ k l j m n ɲ ŋ c s ç kʷ t ʔ kʷʰ tʰ kʰ cʰ w ŋʷ	ì i ù u à a ò o	ɿ ɣ̩
Romanisation	b qg g d x ɟ k l j m n nj ŋ c s sj q t ' qh th kh ch w w̃	ĭ i ŭ u ă a ɑ̆ ɑ	ɿ y

Example Sentences

qhò

[kʷʰɑ̆

ADJ

lòɟaċa

lɑ̆ɟacʰa

slow

tu

tu

PERF

sabuky

saᵐbukɣ̩

ABL

ga

ga

NOM

nɿ

nɿ

1SG.MASC

takanà

takană

tree

tu

tu

PERF

sabò

saᵐbɑ̆

ALL

kɿchonatò'ò

kɿcʰɑnatɑ̆ʔɑ̆]

bird-LOC-DU

qhò lòɟaċa tu sabuky ga nɿ takanà tu sabò kɿchonatò'ò

[kʷʰɑ̆ lɑ̆ɟacʰa tu saᵐbukɣ̩ ga nɿ takană tu saᵐbɑ̆ kɿcʰɑnatɑ̆ʔɑ̆]

ADJ slow PERF ABL NOM 1SG.MASC tree PERF ALL bird-LOC-DU

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

su

[su

very

gìsa

gĭsa

like

ga

ga

NOM

nɿ

nɿ

1SG

xa

xa

DEM

nò

nɑ̆

ACC

titosa,

titɑsa,

food,

ninyka

ninɣ̩ka

COP

ga

ga

NOM

xa

xa

DEM

nò

nɑ̆

ACC

su

su

very

gìna

gĭna]

good.

su gìsa ga nɿ xa nò titosa, ninyka ga xa nò su gìna

[su gĭsa ga nɿ xa nɑ̆ titɑsa, ninɣ̩ka ga xa nɑ̆ su gĭna]

very like NOM 1SG DEM ACC food, COP NOM DEM ACC very good.

I like this food a lot, it is very good.

Classical Polijole

Classical Polidish, or Polijolè [pˠɒliɟɒlə̆] was spoken at around ~692bc, it had a strict CV word order and was quite polysynthetic

Phonology

On the main page

Romanisation

On the main page

Example Sentences

pholejacha

[pˠʰɒləɟat͡sʰa

ADV-slow

zamukanamùci

zamukanamŭt͡si

ABL-1SG.MASC-PST.PERF

takanèsaka

takanə̆saka

tree-ABL

kaçhona'esa

kat͡ʃʰɒnaʔəsa]

bird-DU.ALL

pholejacha zamukanamùci takanèsaka kaçhona'esa

[pˠʰɒləɟat͡sʰa zamukanamŭt͡si takanə̆saka kat͡ʃʰɒnaʔəsa]

ADV-slow ABL-1SG.MASC-PST.PERF tree-ABL bird-DU.ALL

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

sugìsana

[sugĭsana

PL-like-1SG.MASC

xa

xa

DEM

titoşzanè,

titɒʒanə̆,

food-ACC,

ni

ni

COP

xaga

xaga

DEM-NOM

sugìnanè

sugĭnanə̆]

PL-good-ACC

sugìsana xa titoşzanè, ni xaga sugìnanè

[sugĭsana xa titɒʒanə̆, ni xaga sugĭnanə̆]

PL-like-1SG.MASC DEM food-ACC, COP DEM-NOM PL-good-ACC

I like this food a lot, it is very good.

AIP

AIP aka "Average Imperial Polidish", or pəliçəu [pəlit͡ʃəu], is the most commonly spoken form of polidish in modern times, the version shown here is spoken around 2400ad, same with all of the other dialects below. The language is very fusional with many noun declensions.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m	n			ŋ
Plosive	p	t			k	q
Fricative	f	s	ʃ	(ç)	x		h
Affricate		t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximate	w	l ɫ̩		j	ʟ ʟ̩

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Low	a

Diphthongs: /ia/ /iu/ /ʊi/ /ʊa/ /əɪ/ /əʊ/ /eə/ /eʊ/ /oɪ/ /oə/

[ç] is an allophone of /h/ before /i/

Romanisation

	Consonants	Vowels
IPA	h k q l m n s p t͡s t͡ʃ ʃ t f x w	a e ə i ɨ o u
Romanisation	h k q l m n s p c ç ş t f x w	a e ə i ı o u

Example Sentences

təŋnət

[təŋnət

tree-LOC

çi

t͡ʃi

2

kəşənask

kəʃənask

bird-LOC.PL

lıçac

lɨt͡ʃat͡s

slow

samukani

samukani]

ABL.1SG.PST.PFV

təŋnət çi kəşənask lıçac samukani

[təŋnət t͡ʃi kəʃənask lɨt͡ʃat͡s samukani]

tree-LOC 2 bird-LOC.PL slow ABL.1SG.PST.PFV

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

çetəşan

[t͡ʃetəʃan

food.ACC

hə

hə

DEM.NOM

ho

ho

PL

çisam,

t͡ʃisam,

like.1SG,

hə

hə

DEM.NOM

ho

ho

PL

çinan

t͡ʃinan]

good-ACC

çetəşan hə ho çisam, hə ho çinan

[t͡ʃetəʃan hə ho t͡ʃisam, hə ho t͡ʃinan]

food.ACC DEM.NOM PL like.1SG, DEM.NOM PL good-ACC

I like this food a lot, it is very good.

Kikhahi

Kikhahi, or modernly kixäxijolə [cixeçijolə]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	p		t		c	k
Fricative	v f	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ç	x ɣ	h
Affricate			t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximate					j
Tap			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u
Mid	e ø	ə	o
Low	a

Diphthongs: /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /oɪ/

	Consonants	Vowels
IPA	b g d z x ɟ k l m n ŋ s p t͡s t͡ʃ ʃ ʒ t	a e ə i o ø u y
Romanisation	b g d z x j k l m n ŋ s p c ç ş şz t	a e/ä ə i o ö u ü

Example Sentences

me

[me

1SG.NOM

käneþ

keɲeθ

tree-PREP

kaçonok

kat͡ʃonok

bird.DU.PREP

reşasə

ɾeʃasə

slow

zapukäpi

zapukepi]

ABL.PST.PERF

me käneþ kaçonok reşasə zapukäpi

[me keɲeθ kat͡ʃonok ɾeʃasə zapukepi]

1SG.NOM tree-PREP bird.DU.PREP slow ABL.PST.PERF

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Bozaje

Bozaje, or modernly, pə̀sàje [pə˨sa˨je], it is fairly isolating

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n				ŋ
Plosive	p	t				k
Fricative	f	θ	s	ʃ			h
Affricate			t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximant		l			j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ		ɯ u
Mid	e ẽ	ə	ɤ õ
Low	a ã

Diphthongs: /ia/ /ie/ /iu/ /ĩã/ /ĩẽ/ /ĩõ/

Example Sentences

lojasa

[lɤjasa

slow

sàmuhàmi

sa˨muha˨mi

ABL-PST.PERF

þáhą́

θa˦hã˦

tree

nà

na˨

1SG

sàmi

sa˨mi

ALL-PST.PERF

háçę́

ha˦t͡ʃẽ˦

bird

ho

hɤ]

two

lojasa sàmuhàmi þáhą́ nà sàmi háçę́ ho

[lɤjasa sa˨muha˨mi θa˦hã˦ na˨ sa˨mi ha˦t͡ʃẽ˦ hɤ]

slow ABL-PST.PERF tree 1SG ALL-PST.PERF bird two

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds

Cakine

Cakine, or modernly, Cakinejol [t͡ʃɑkinejol]

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p b	t d		k g
Fricative		s		x
Affricate		t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Approximate	w	l	j	h~ɰ̥
Lateral Fricative		ɬ
Lateral affricative		t͡ɬ
Trill		r

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y	ɨ	u
Mid	e ø		o
Low	a~æ		ɑ

Diphthongs: /ia/ /ie/ /io/ /iu/ /ɑʊ/

Example Sentences

lejaç

[lejɑt͡ʃ

slow

rabukanam

rɑbukɑnɑm

go-1SG-PST.PERF

nas

nɑs

1SG.NOM

takänis

tɑkænis

tree-ABL

kaçoŋaks

kɑt͡ʃoŋɑks]

bird-DU.ALL

lejaç rabukanam nas takänis kaçoŋaks

[lejɑt͡ʃ rɑbukɑnɑm nɑs tɑkænis kɑt͡ʃoŋɑks]

slow go-1SG-PST.PERF 1SG.NOM tree-ABL bird-DU.ALL

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Nagaku

Nagaku, or modernly dagakujulu [ⁿdaᵑgakujulu]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p pʶ pʶʰ	t tʰ		k kʰ
Pre-Nasalised Plosive	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑg
Fricative		s	ʃ		h
Affricate		t͡s t͡sʰ	t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ
Tap		ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		ɯ u
Mid	e	ə	o
Low		a

diphthongs: /ia/ /iu/ /ɯi/ /ɯa/ /ui/ /ua/ /ai/ /au/

Example Sentences

das

[ⁿdas

1SG.NOM

rakanıgatu

ɾakanɯgatu

tree-LOC

kaçhənakıtu

kat͡ʃʰənakɯtu

bird.DU.LOC

sapukaci

sapukat͡si

ABL-PST.PERF

ṕhırıjacha

pʶʰɯɾɯjat͡sʰa]

ADJ-slow

das rakanıgatu kaçhənakıtu sapukaci ṕhırıjacha

[ⁿdas ɾakanɯgatu kat͡ʃʰənakɯtu sapukat͡si pʶʰɯɾɯjat͡sʰa]

1SG.NOM tree-LOC bird.DU.LOC ABL-PST.PERF ADJ-slow

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Gekhe

Gekhe polidish, or şéçhépa pólijóla [ʃeːt͡ʃʰeːpa poːlijoːla] is the Polijole spoken by the highest elites of the polidians. It is considered the most similar to classical Polidish in grammar of all dialects.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p pʰ	t tʰ		k kʰ
Fricative		s	ʃ	x
Affricate		t͡s t͡sʰ	t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ
Approximate		l		j

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Mid	eː	oː
Low-Mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a aː

Diphthongs: /ia/ /iɛ/ /iɔ/ /iu/

Example Sentences

pélejácha

[peːlɛjaːt͡sʰa

ADJ-slow

sámukánámu

saːmukaːnaːmu

ABL-1SG-PST

sakanéka

sakaneːka

tree-ABL

káçhónoésa

kaːt͡ʃʰoːnɔ.eːsa]

bird.DU.ALL

pélejácha sámukánámu sakanéka káçhónoésa

[peːlɛjaːt͡sʰa saːmukaːnaːmu sakaneːka kaːt͡ʃʰoːnɔ.eːsa]

ADJ-slow ABL-1SG-PST tree-ABL bird.DU.ALL

I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

sujesáme

[sujɛsaːmɛ

PL-like-1SG

xa

xa

DEM

şitóşone,

ʃitoːʃɔnɛ,

food.ACC,

ni

ni

COP

sujenone

sujɛnɔnɛ]

PL-good

sujesáme xa şitóşone, ni sujenone

[sujɛsaːmɛ xa ʃitoːʃɔnɛ, ni sujɛnɔnɛ]

PL-like-1SG DEM food.ACC, COP PL-good

I like this food a lot, it is very good.

Xiophoniol

Xi'ophoŋi, or modernly Xöfonöl /çɵfoɲɵl/ is spoken in the Xöfon country of Poligea.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Stop	p	t		k
Affricate		t͡s	t͡ʃ
Fricative	f	s θ ð	ʃ	x ɣ	h
Approximant	ʋ		j
Liquid		l r	rʲ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ʉ	u
Mid	e̞	ɵ̞	ɤ̞ o̞
Low	æ	ɐ