Polijole/Dialects

note: most of the modern dialects' names are based off of their etymological-original classical polidish word, so the names may differ slightly

Proto-Polijole

qâ lijâ jâlà [kʷɑ liɟɑ ɟɑlɐ̆] was the oldest form of polidish, it was completely isolating.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labiovelar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	ŋʷ
Plosive	ᵐb	t tʰ d	c cʰ ɟ	k kʰ g	kʷ kʷʰ gʷ	ʔ
Fricative		s	ç	x
Approximate		l	j~ʎ		w~ʟʷ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĭ		u ŭ
Low	a	ɐ ɐ̆	ɑ

there are no diphthongs

Syllabic Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Velar
Fricative	β̩	ɿ	ɣ̩

Romanisation

	Consonants	Vowels	Syllabics
IPA	ᵐb gʷ d g x ɟ k l ʎ m n ɲ ŋ c s ç kʷ t ʔ kʷʰ tʰ kʰ cʰ ŋʷ w~ʟʷ	ɐ a i ɑ u ĭ ŭ ɐ̆	β̩ ɿ ɣ̩
Romanisation	b qg d g x j k l λ m n nj ŋ c s sj q t ' qh th kh ch nq lq	a á i â u ì ù à	w z y

Example Sentences

Romanisation: lajáchá qha bukâ sábuky gá nz tákánà lajáchá bukâ sába ka kzchâná.

IPA: [lɐɟacʰa kʷʰɐ ᵐbukɑ saᵐbukɣ̩ ga nɿ takanɐ̆ lɐɟacʰa ᵐbukɑ saᵐbɐ kɐ kɿcʰɑna]

Gloss: slow group behind ABL NOM 1sg.masc tree slow behind ALL 2 bird

Meaning: I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Romanisation: sw gìsá gá nz xá na nz titâsá, ninyká gá xá sw na gìná.

IPA: [sβ̩ gĭsa ga nɿ xa nɐ titɑsa, ninɣ̩ka ga xa sβ̩ nɐ gĭna]

Gloss: PL like NOM 1sg DEM ACC food, COP NOM DEM PL ACC good.

Meaning: I like this food a lot, it is very good.

Classical Polijole

Polijolè [pˠɒliɟɒlə̆]

Phonology

On the main page

Romanisation

On the main page

Example Sentences

Romanisation: pholejacha zamukanamù takanèsaka kaçhonakasa

IPA: [pˠʰɒləɟat͡sʰa zamukanamŭ takanə̆saka kat͡ʃʰɒnakasa]

Gloss: ADV-slow ABL-1sg.masc-PST tree-ABL bird-du.ALL

Meaning: I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Romanisation: sugìsana xa titoşzanè, ni xaga sugìnanè

IPA: [sugĭsana xa titɒʒanə̆, ni xaga sugĭnanə̆,]

Gloss: pl-like-1sg.masc DEM food.ACC, COP DEM-NOM pl-good-ACC

Translation: I like this food a lot, it is very good.

AIP

AIP or "Average Imperial Polidish", [pəlit͡ʃəl], is the most commonly spoken form of polidish in modern times

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m	n			ŋ
Plosive	p	t			k	q
Fricative	f	s	ʃ	ç	x		h
Affricate		t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximate	w	l ɫ̩		j	ʟ̩

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i i̥	ɨ	u u̥
Mid		ə ə̥
Low		a

Diphthongs: /ia/ /iu/ /ui/ /ua/ /əi/ /əu/ /i̥ə̥/ /i̥u̥/ /u̥i̥/ /u̥ə̥/

Romanisation

	Consonants	Vowels
IPA	h k q l m n s p t͡s t͡ʃ ʃ t f x ç w	a ɨ i ə u i̥ ə̥ u̥
Romanisation	h k q l m n s p c ç ş t f x x w	a y i e u ĩ ẽ ũ

Example Sentences

Romanisation: taŋnyt ki kẽşenask lyçẽc samukani

IPA: [taŋnɨt ki kə̥ʃənask lɨt͡ʃə̥t͡s samukani]

Gloss: tree-LOC 2 bird-LOC.pl slow ABL.1sg.PST.PFV

Meaning: I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Romanisation: hẽ çĩteşan hũ çĩcam, hẽ hũ çinan

IPA: [hə̥ t͡ʃi̥təʃan hu t͡ʃi̥t͡sam, hə̥ hu̥ t͡ʃinan]

Gloss: DEM.NOM food.ACC pl like.1sg, DEM.NOM PL good-ACC

Translation: I like this food a lot, it is very good.

Kikhahi

Kikhahi [kiçeçit͡ʃolə]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Plosive	p		t			k
Fricative	v f	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ç	x ɣ	h
Affricate			t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximate	w				j
Tap			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u
Mid	e ø	ə	o
Low	a

Diphthongs: /iø/ ie/ /ui/ /ua/ /ue/ /oi/ /ou/ /oa/ /oe/ /ai/ /ay/ /au/

Bozaje

Bozaje [py˩saje wyle]

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n				ŋ
Plosive	p	t				k
Fricative	f	θ	s			x
Affricate			t͡s	t͡ʃ
Approximant	w	l			j

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i y ĩ	u
Mid	e ẽ	ɤ õ
Low	a ã

Diphthongs: /ia/ /ie/ /iy/ /iu/ /ui/ uɤ/ /ua/ /ei/ /ey/ /eu/ /ea/ /ai/ /au/ /ae/ /ie/ /ue/ /ĩã/ /ĩẽ/ /ĩõ/ /ũĩ/ /õẽ/ /õã/ /ẽĩ/ /ẽõ/ /ẽã/ /ãĩ/ /ãõ/ /ãẽ/

Example Sentences

Romanisation: lejasa sãŋkà ã þaxã sa lejasa sã xaçĩ́ xe

IPA: [lɤjasa sãŋka˨ ã θaxã sa lɤjasa sã xat͡ʃĩ˦ xe]

Gloss: slow ABL PST.PERF tree 1sg slow ALL bird du

Meaning: I walked from the tree to the 2 birds

Cakine

Cakine [t͡sakinjol]

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	p b	t d		k g
Fricative	f	s	ç	x
Affricate		t͡s d͡z
Approximate	w ʍ	ɹ	j	ɰ̥
Lateral app.		l
Lateral Fricative		ɬ
Lateral affricative		t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trill		r

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ɚ	o
Low-Mid			ɔ
Low	a		ɑ

Diphthongs: /io/ /iu/ /ui/ /uo/ /oi/ /ou/ /ai/ /au/ /ao/ /ɚɔ/ /ɚu/ /ɚi/ /ɔi/ /ɔu/ /ɑi/ /ɑʊ/ /ɑɔ/

Nagaku

Nagaku [ⁿdaᵑgaku t͡ʃulɯ]

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p pʶ pʶʰ	t tʰ		k kʰ
Pre-Nasalised Plosive	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑg
Fricative		s	ʃ		h
Affricate		t͡s t͡sʰ	t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ
Tap		ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i	u ɯ
Low	a

diphthongs: /ia/ /iu/ /ɯi/ /ɯa/ /ui/ /ua/ /ai/ /au/

Gekhe

Gekhe poldish [ʃeːt͡ʃʰɛ poːlijoːlɛ] is the Polijole spoken by the highest elites of the polidians. It is considered the most similar to classical Polidish in grammar of all dialects.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Post-Alveolar	Dorsal
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p pʰ	t tʰ		k kʰ
Fricative		s	ʃ	x
Affricate		t͡s t͡sʰ	t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ
Approxiamte		l		j

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	i	u
Mid	eː	oː
Low-Mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a aː

Diphthongs: /ia/ /iɛ/ /iɔ/ /iu/

Example Sentences

Romanisation: pholéjácha sámukamɛmu takanéka káçhónoşesa

IPA: [pʰoleːjaːt͡sʰa saːmukamɛmu takaneːka kaːt͡ʃʰoːnɔʃɛsa]

Gloss: ADV-slow ABL-1sg.masc-PST tree-ABL bird.du.ALL

Meaning: I walked from the tree to the 2 birds.

Romanisation: sujesáme xatitóşone, ni xa sujenone

IPA: [sujɛsaːmɛ xatitoːʃɔnɛ, ni xa sujɛnɔnɛ]

Gloss: pl-like-1sg DEM-food.ACC, COP 3sg.NOM pl-good

Translation: I like this food a lot, it is very good.