| Polijole | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Agglutinative | ||||||||||||
| Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
| Head direction | Final | ||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | No | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | No | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | Glitchy999 | ||||||||||||
Polijolè [pˠɒliɟɒlə̆] (Polidish /ˈpolɪdɪʃ/ in English) is the language spoken by the Polidians, a race of humans with magical powers, they existed on earth for around ~7820bc to 692bc, but now live on another planet called Poligathè [pˠɒligatʰə̆] (Poligea /poˈlɪʒia/ in English), and have erased all evidence of their Earth presence.
Classification and Dialects
The version of Polijole shown in this article was the average version of the variant spoken at around ~692bc, otherwise known as "Classic Polidish" but the language has changed and has altered into 6 different modern dialects. A list of all historical versions and the modern dialects can be found here.
Classical Polidish
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m mˠ | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | pˠ pˠʰ bˠ | t tʰ d | ɟ~c | k kʰ g | ʔ | |
| Fricative | s z | ʃ ʒ | x | |||
| Affricate | t͡s t͡sʰ | t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ | ||||
| Lateral app. | l | |||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĭ | u ŭ | |
| Mid | ə ə̆ | ||
| Low | a | ɒ |
diphthongs: /ĭu/, /ĭə/, /ĭa/, /ĭɒ/
Phonotactics
Very strict CV syllable structure.
the diphthongs /ĭu/, /ĭə/, /ĭa/ and /ĭɒ/ can only occur before /n/, /l/, /s/, /z/ /ʃ/, and /ʒ/.
Writing System
"Polidothu", The classic right-to-left syllabary writing system derived from the Phoenician alphabet, the older writing system is unknown. The symbols for /ʃ/ also fills the role of /ʒ/ and the symbol for /tʰ/ fills the role of /t͡sʰ/ and /t͡ʃʰ/. /z/ is occasionally written as /s/ in certain scenarios. Short vowels are written using a dot at the top.
Grammar
Nouns
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | -ga* | -kè | -sù |
| Accusative | -nè | -kènè | -şzùnè |
| Dative | -ŋa | -kèŋa | -zùŋa |
| Vocative | -‘i | -‘a | |
| Locative | -te | -kète | -şùte |
| Genitive | -ba/-bo | -kèba | -zùba |
| Allative | -sa | -kèsa | -şùsa |
| Ablative | -saka | -ka | -suka |
| Inessive | -bì | -kèbì | -zùbì |
| Reflexive | -(Previous consonant) | ||
*-ga is often considered not neccesary in some dialects
Verbs
Tenses/Perfective
| Present tense | Past tense | Future tense | |
| Simple | -∅ (Near Present)
-the (Exact Present) |
-mu | -tu |
| Imperfect | -cu | -mù(cu) | -tù(cu) |
| Perfect | -ci | -mùci | -tùci |
| Infinitive | nie- | ||
Poly-Personal Agreement
| 1P | 2P | 3P | ||||||||||
| SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL | SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL | SINGULAR | DUAL | PLURAL | ||||
| MASCULINE | FEMININE | MASCULINE | FEMININE | |||||||||
| 1P | SG | -nana | -memè | -tana | 'o-...-nagù | 'o-...-nania | -çena | -nagè | 'o-...-na | -kèna | 'o-...-nasù | |
| PL | -nagù | -megù | -tagù | -gugù | 'o-...-gunia | -cegù | -gugè | 'o-...-gu | -kègu | 'o...-gusù | ||
| 2P | SG | -nania | -menia | -tania | -gunia | -niania | -mimì | -çenia | -niagè | 'o-...-nia | -kènia | 'o...-niasù |
| PL | -nagè | -megè | -tagè | -gugè | -niagè | -migè | -çecè | -gegè | 'o-...-ge | -kège | 'o...-gesù | |
| 3P | SG | -na | -me | -ta | -gu | -nia | -mi | -çeta | -ge | -∅ | -kèxa | 'o-...-xasù |
| PL | -nasù | -mesù | -tasù | -gusù | -niasù | -misù | -çesù | -gesù | -xasù | -kèsù | -susù | |
Converbs
-te = CONV
-tecì = ABL.CONV
-kono = PURP.CONV
-pu = COND.CONV
Evidentiality
'e- = INFR
cho-/çho- = VIS.INFR
ba- = HEAR.INFR
jo- = QUOT
Pronouns
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | Feminine | Neuter | ||
| NOM | 1st Person Exc. | Na/(Nasa) | Me/(Mesa) | Na+DUAL | Mena | Me+DUAL | Gu |
| 1st Person Inc. | Ta | Mapho | Tama | Go | |||
| 2nd Person | Nia/(Niasa) | Mi/(Misa) | Nia+DUAL | Neta | Mi+DUAL | Ge | |
| ACC/
DAT |
1st Person Exc. | No/(Naso) | Mo/(Meso) | No+DUAL | Meno | Mo+DUAL | Gu'o |
| 1st Person Inc. | To | Mopho | Ta'o | Go'o | |||
| 2nd Person | Nio/(Niaso) | Mi’o/(Miso) | Nio+DUAL | Neto | Mi’o+DUAL | Ga’o | |
The Pronouns in brackets are those of an alternate dialect.
Adjectives
phe- = Adjective
pho- = Adverb
add the accusative case if it is in stative form
Syntax
it has a VSO word order and is head final
Nouns
(NEG)-(very)-NOUN-(affix)-case
Verbs
(evidential)-VERB-agreement-tense-(affix)-(converb)
Adjectives
(adj/adv)-(affix)-ADJECTIVE-(acc)
Lexicon
Example text
Romanisation:
zugìsana xa titoşzanè, ni zugìnanè
IPA:
/zugĭsana xa titɒʒanə̆, ni zugĭnanə̆/
Gloss:
PL-like-1sg.masc DEM food.ACC, COP-∅ PL-good-ACC
Translation:
I like this food a lot, it is very good.
Orthography:
Romanisation
| Consonants | Vowels | |
|---|---|---|
| IPA | b d g z x tʰ ɟ k l m n ŋ s p t͡s t͡ʃ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ pʰ ʃ ʒ t ʔ
|
a ə i ɒ u ĭ ŭ ə̆ ĭu ĭə ĭa ĭɒ
|
| Romanisation | b d g z x th j k l m n ŋ s p c ç ch çh kh ph ş şz t '
|
a e i o u ì ù è iu ie ia io
|