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==General information== |
==General information== |
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+ | ''Due to code restrictions, rather than using pointy brackets to represent orthography as per IPA standards, I will be using dashes on either side. '' |
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− | <!-- Give some background information about your conlang; history, where the language is spoken, etc. --> |
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+ | |||
+ | Provitano is a Western Romance Language that is spoken around Catalonia in Spain and in Western France. The Provitano spoken in Catalonia is hte Eastern Variant and the Provitano spoken in France is Western Variant. <!-- Give some background information about your conlang; history, where the language is spoken, etc. --> |
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==Phonology== |
==Phonology== |
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− | + | -c- represents /k/ before consonants and letters -a o u- (and variants such as â, ò etc.) and /s/ before -e i y- (and variants such as ê, í etc.). Furthermore, -ç- is used before -a o u- for /s/ where necessary such as in ''feliç, feliços. ''always represents /s/. |
|
− | The sound /ʃ/ is represented by the cluster |
+ | The sound /ʃ/ is represented by the cluster -sc- before -e i y- (and variants) and -sç- before -a o u- (and variants) and by -ș- before a consonant. The sound /sk/ is represented by -sc- before -a o u- and variants and consonants and by -squ- before -e i y- and variants. |
− | The sound /ʒ/ is represented by |
+ | The sound /ʒ/ is represented by -g- before <e i y> and variants and -j- before all else. |
− | The sound /dʒ/ is represented by |
+ | The sound /dʒ/ is represented by -tg- before <e i y> and variants and -tj- before all else |
− | †''[ʁ] is a dialectual variant of /r/. |
+ | †''[ʁ] is a dialectual variant of /r/ that occurs in Eastern Provitano. '' |
===Vowels=== |
===Vowels=== |
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‡/ɔ/ occurs only in stressed syllables and has no long variant. |
‡/ɔ/ occurs only in stressed syllables and has no long variant. |
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− | /oː/ does not occur because due to a vowel shift, /oː/ shifted to /uː/ likewise /uː/ is not represented by |
+ | /oː/ does not occur because due to a vowel shift, /oː/ shifted to /uː/ likewise /uː/ is not represented by -û- becuase the shift fronted that to /yː/. |
− | Long vowels can occur in and out of stress syllables. Irregular stress is marked by an acute accent. The grave accent is only used on |
+ | Long vowels can occur in and out of stress syllables. Irregular stress is marked by an acute accent. The grave accent is only used on -ò- and works as states above. |
− | Long vowels are represented with a circumflex and are usually realized as diphthongs. As follows: |
+ | Long vowels are represented with a circumflex and are usually realized as diphthongs. As follows: |
â --<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">aː ~ aɒ̯</span> |
â --<span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">aː ~ aɒ̯</span> |
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− | |||
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">æ̂ -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ɛː ~ ɛɪ̯</span> |
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">æ̂ -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ɛː ~ ɛɪ̯</span> |
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<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ê -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">eː ~ eɪ̯ ~ aɛ̯</span> |
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ê -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">eː ~ eɪ̯ ~ aɛ̯</span> |
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− | |||
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">î -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">iː ~ iɪ̯</span> |
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">î -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">iː ~ iɪ̯</span> |
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<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ø̂ -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">øː ~ øʏ̯</span> |
<span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">ø̂ -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">øː ~ øʏ̯</span> |
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− | <span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">œ̂</span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">œː ~ œɒ̯</span> |
+ | <span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">œ̂</span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;"> -- </span><span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">œː ~ œɒ̯</span> |
ŷ -- <span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">yː ~ yʏ̯</span> |
ŷ -- <span style="letter-spacing:0px;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;">yː ~ yʏ̯</span> |
Revision as of 18:55, 16 August 2014
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Provitan Provitano, Prôvitano | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Head direction | |||
Head Initial | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
No | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information
Due to code restrictions, rather than using pointy brackets to represent orthography as per IPA standards, I will be using dashes on either side.
Provitano is a Western Romance Language that is spoken around Catalonia in Spain and in Western France. The Provitano spoken in Catalonia is hte Eastern Variant and the Provitano spoken in France is Western Variant.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Post-alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
m (m) |
n (n) |
ɲ (ny) |
|||||
Plosive |
p (p) b (b) |
t (t) d (d) |
k (c) g (g) ks (x) |
|||||
Fricative |
f (f) v (v) |
s (s/c/ç) z (z) |
ʃ (sc/ș/sç) ʒ (g/j) |
[ʁ]† | ||||
Affricate |
tʃ (ch) dʒ (tg/tj) |
|||||||
Approximant |
w (u) |
j (i/y) |
||||||
Trill |
r (r/rr) |
|||||||
Flap or tap |
||||||||
Lateral fric. |
||||||||
Lateral app. |
l (l) |
ʎ (ll) |
||||||
-c- represents /k/ before consonants and letters -a o u- (and variants such as â, ò etc.) and /s/ before -e i y- (and variants such as ê, í etc.). Furthermore, -ç- is used before -a o u- for /s/ where necessary such as in feliç, feliços. always represents /s/.
The sound /ʃ/ is represented by the cluster -sc- before -e i y- (and variants) and -sç- before -a o u- (and variants) and by -ș- before a consonant. The sound /sk/ is represented by -sc- before -a o u- and variants and consonants and by -squ- before -e i y- and variants.
The sound /ʒ/ is represented by -g- before <e i y> and variants and -j- before all else.
The sound /dʒ/ is represented by -tg- before <e i y> and variants and -tj- before all else
†[ʁ] is a dialectual variant of /r/ that occurs in Eastern Provitano.
Vowels
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close |
i (i) iː (î) yː (û) |
u (u) uː (ô) | |||
Near-close | |||||
Close-mid |
e (e) eː (ê) ø (ø) øː (ø̂) |
o (o) | |||
Mid | |||||
Open-mid |
ɛ (æ) ɛː (æ̂) œ (œ) œ (œ̂) |
ɔ (ó)‡ | |||
Near-open | |||||
Open |
a (a) aː (â) |
‡/ɔ/ occurs only in stressed syllables and has no long variant.
/oː/ does not occur because due to a vowel shift, /oː/ shifted to /uː/ likewise /uː/ is not represented by -û- becuase the shift fronted that to /yː/.
Long vowels can occur in and out of stress syllables. Irregular stress is marked by an acute accent. The grave accent is only used on -ò- and works as states above.
Long vowels are represented with a circumflex and are usually realized as diphthongs. As follows:
â -- aː ~ aɒ̯
æ̂ -- ɛː ~ ɛɪ̯
ê -- eː ~ eɪ̯ ~ aɛ̯
î -- iː ~ iɪ̯
ô -- uː ~ uʌ̯
ø̂ -- øː ~ øʏ̯
œ̂ -- œː ~ œɒ̯
ŷ -- yː ~ yʏ̯
Alphabet
Phonotactics
Grammar
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns
Verbs
Syntax
Vocabulary
No. | English | |
---|---|---|
1 | I | — |
2 | you (singular) | — |
3 | he | — |
4 | we | — |
5 | you (plural) | — |
6 | they | — |
7 | this | — |
8 | that | — |
9 | here | — |
10 | there | — |
11 | who | — |
12 | what | — |
13 | where | — |
14 | when | — |
15 | how | — |
16 | not | — |
17 | all | — |
18 | many | — |
19 | some | — |
20 | few | — |
21 | other | — |
22 | one | — |
23 | two | — |
24 | three | — |
25 | four | — |
26 | five | — |
27 | big | — |
28 | long | — |
29 | wide | — |
30 | thick | — |
31 | heavy | — |
32 | small | — |
33 | short | — |
34 | narrow | — |
35 | thin | — |
36 | woman | — |
37 | man (adult male) | — |
38 | man (human being) | — |
39 | child | — |
40 | wife | — |
41 | husband | — |
42 | mother | — |
43 | father | — |
44 | animal | — |
45 | fish | — |
46 | bird | — |
47 | dog | — |
48 | louse | — |
49 | snake | — |
50 | worm | — |
51 | tree | — |
52 | forest | — |
53 | stick | — |
54 | fruit | — |
55 | seed | — |
56 | leaf | — |
57 | root | — |
58 | bark | — |
59 | flower | — |
60 | grass | — |
61 | rope | — |
62 | skin | — |
63 | meat | — |
64 | blood | — |
65 | bone | — |
66 | fat | — |
67 | egg | — |
68 | horn | — |
69 | tail | — |
70 | feather | — |
71 | hair | — |
72 | head | — |
73 | ear | — |
74 | eye | — |
75 | nose | — |
76 | mouth | — |
77 | tooth | — |
78 | tongue | — |
79 | fingernail | — |
80 | foot | — |
81 | leg | — |
82 | knee | — |
83 | hand | — |
84 | wing | — |
85 | belly | — |
86 | guts | — |
87 | neck | — |
88 | back | — |
89 | breast | — |
90 | heart | — |
91 | liver | — |
92 | drink | — |
93 | eat | — |
94 | bite | — |
95 | suck | — |
96 | spit | — |
97 | vomit | — |
98 | blow | — |
99 | breathe | — |
100 | laugh | — |
101 | see | — |
102 | hear | — |
103 | know | — |
104 | think | — |
105 | smell | — |
106 | fear | — |
107 | sleep | — |
108 | live | — |
109 | die | — |
110 | kill | — |
111 | fight | — |
112 | hunt | — |
113 | hit | — |
114 | cut | — |
115 | split | — |
116 | stab | — |
117 | scratch | — |
118 | dig | — |
119 | swim | — |
120 | fly | — |
121 | walk | — |
122 | come | — |
123 | lie | — |
124 | sit | — |
125 | stand | — |
126 | turn | — |
127 | fall | — |
128 | give | — |
129 | hold | — |
130 | squeeze | — |
131 | rub | — |
132 | wash | — |
133 | wipe | — |
134 | pull | — |
135 | push | — |
136 | throw | — |
137 | tie | — |
138 | sew | — |
139 | count | — |
140 | say | — |
141 | sing | — |
142 | play | — |
143 | float | — |
144 | flow | — |
145 | freeze | — |
146 | swell | — |
147 | sun | — |
148 | moon | — |
149 | star | — |
150 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
159 | earth | — |
160 | cloud | — |
161 | fog | — |
162 | sky | — |
163 | wind | — |
164 | snow | — |
165 | ice | — |
166 | smoke | — |
167 | fire | — |
168 | ash | — |
169 | burn | — |
170 | road | — |
171 | mountain | — |
172 | red | — |
173 | green | — |
174 | yellow | — |
175 | white | — |
176 | black | — |
177 | night | — |
178 | day | — |
179 | year | — |
180 | warm | — |
181 | cold | — |
182 | full | — |
183 | new | — |
184 | old | — |
185 | good | — |
186 | bad | — |
187 | rotten | — |
188 | dirty | — |
189 | straight | — |
190 | round | — |
191 | sharp | — |
192 | dull | — |
193 | smooth | — |
194 | wet | — |
195 | dry | — |
196 | correct | — |
197 | near | — |
198 | far | — |
199 | right | — |
200 | left | — |
201 | at | — |
202 | in | — |
203 | with | — |
204 | and | — |
205 | if | — |
206 | because | — |
207 | name | — |