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Provitan Provitano, Prôvitano | |||
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Type | |||
Fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Head direction | |||
Head Initial | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
No | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Post-alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal |
m (m) |
n (n) |
ɲ (ny) |
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Plosive |
p (p) b (b) |
t (t) d (d) |
k (c) g (g) ks (x) |
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Fricative |
f (f) v (v) |
s (s/c/ç) z (z) |
ʃ (sc/ș/sç) ʒ (g/j) |
[ʁ]† | ||||
Affricate |
tʃ (ch) dʒ (tg/tj) |
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Approximant |
w (u) |
j (i/y) |
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Trill |
r (r/rr) |
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Flap or tap |
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Lateral fric. |
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Lateral app. |
l (l) |
ʎ (ll) |
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<c> represents /k/ before consonants and letters <a o u> (and variants such as â, ò etc.) and /s/ before <e i y> (and variants such as ê, í etc.). Furthermore, <ç> is used before <a o u> for /s/ where necessary such as in feliç, feliços. always represents /s/.
The sound /ʃ/ is represented by the cluster <sc> before <e i y> (and variants) and <sç> before <a o u> (and variants) and by <ș> before a consonant. The sound /sk/ is represented by <sc> before <a o u> and variants and consonants and by <squ> before <e i y> and variants.
The sound /ʒ/ is represented by <g> before <e i y> and variants and <j> before all else.
The sound /dʒ/ is represented by <tg> before <e i y> and variants and <tj> before all else
†[ʁ] is a dialectual variant of /r/.
Vowels
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close |
i (i) iː (î) yː (û) |
u (u) uː (ô) | |||
Near-close | |||||
Close-mid |
e (e) eː (ê) ø (ø) øː (ø̂) |
o (o) | |||
Mid | |||||
Open-mid |
ɛ (æ) ɛː (æ̂) œ (œ) œ (œ̂) |
ɔ (ó)‡ | |||
Near-open | |||||
Open |
a (a) aː (â) |
‡/ɔ/ occurs only in stressed syllables and has no long variant.
/oː/ does not occur because due to a vowel shift, /oː/ shifted to /uː/ likewise /uː/ is not represented by <û> becuase the shift fronted that to /yː/.
Long vowels can occur in and out of stress syllables. Irregular stress is marked by an acute accent. The grave accent is only used on <ò> and works as states above.
Long vowels are represented with a circumflex and are usually realized as diphthongs. As follows:
â -- aː ~ aɒ̯
æ̂ -- ɛː ~ ɛɪ̯
ê -- eː ~ eɪ̯ ~ aɛ̯
î -- iː ~ iɪ̯
ô -- uː ~ uʌ̯
ø̂ -- øː ~ øʏ̯
œ̂ -- œː ~ œɒ̯
ŷ -- yː ~ yʏ̯
Alphabet
Phonotactics
Grammar
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns
Verbs
Syntax
Vocabulary
No. | English | |
---|---|---|
1 | I | — |
2 | you (singular) | — |
3 | he | — |
4 | we | — |
5 | you (plural) | — |
6 | they | — |
7 | this | — |
8 | that | — |
9 | here | — |
10 | there | — |
11 | who | — |
12 | what | — |
13 | where | — |
14 | when | — |
15 | how | — |
16 | not | — |
17 | all | — |
18 | many | — |
19 | some | — |
20 | few | — |
21 | other | — |
22 | one | — |
23 | two | — |
24 | three | — |
25 | four | — |
26 | five | — |
27 | big | — |
28 | long | — |
29 | wide | — |
30 | thick | — |
31 | heavy | — |
32 | small | — |
33 | short | — |
34 | narrow | — |
35 | thin | — |
36 | woman | — |
37 | man (adult male) | — |
38 | man (human being) | — |
39 | child | — |
40 | wife | — |
41 | husband | — |
42 | mother | — |
43 | father | — |
44 | animal | — |
45 | fish | — |
46 | bird | — |
47 | dog | — |
48 | louse | — |
49 | snake | — |
50 | worm | — |
51 | tree | — |
52 | forest | — |
53 | stick | — |
54 | fruit | — |
55 | seed | — |
56 | leaf | — |
57 | root | — |
58 | bark | — |
59 | flower | — |
60 | grass | — |
61 | rope | — |
62 | skin | — |
63 | meat | — |
64 | blood | — |
65 | bone | — |
66 | fat | — |
67 | egg | — |
68 | horn | — |
69 | tail | — |
70 | feather | — |
71 | hair | — |
72 | head | — |
73 | ear | — |
74 | eye | — |
75 | nose | — |
76 | mouth | — |
77 | tooth | — |
78 | tongue | — |
79 | fingernail | — |
80 | foot | — |
81 | leg | — |
82 | knee | — |
83 | hand | — |
84 | wing | — |
85 | belly | — |
86 | guts | — |
87 | neck | — |
88 | back | — |
89 | breast | — |
90 | heart | — |
91 | liver | — |
92 | drink | — |
93 | eat | — |
94 | bite | — |
95 | suck | — |
96 | spit | — |
97 | vomit | — |
98 | blow | — |
99 | breathe | — |
100 | laugh | — |
101 | see | — |
102 | hear | — |
103 | know | — |
104 | think | — |
105 | smell | — |
106 | fear | — |
107 | sleep | — |
108 | live | — |
109 | die | — |
110 | kill | — |
111 | fight | — |
112 | hunt | — |
113 | hit | — |
114 | cut | — |
115 | split | — |
116 | stab | — |
117 | scratch | — |
118 | dig | — |
119 | swim | — |
120 | fly | — |
121 | walk | — |
122 | come | — |
123 | lie | — |
124 | sit | — |
125 | stand | — |
126 | turn | — |
127 | fall | — |
128 | give | — |
129 | hold | — |
130 | squeeze | — |
131 | rub | — |
132 | wash | — |
133 | wipe | — |
134 | pull | — |
135 | push | — |
136 | throw | — |
137 | tie | — |
138 | sew | — |
139 | count | — |
140 | say | — |
141 | sing | — |
142 | play | — |
143 | float | — |
144 | flow | — |
145 | freeze | — |
146 | swell | — |
147 | sun | — |
148 | moon | — |
149 | star | — |
150 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
159 | earth | — |
160 | cloud | — |
161 | fog | — |
162 | sky | — |
163 | wind | — |
164 | snow | — |
165 | ice | — |
166 | smoke | — |
167 | fire | — |
168 | ash | — |
169 | burn | — |
170 | road | — |
171 | mountain | — |
172 | red | — |
173 | green | — |
174 | yellow | — |
175 | white | — |
176 | black | — |
177 | night | — |
178 | day | — |
179 | year | — |
180 | warm | — |
181 | cold | — |
182 | full | — |
183 | new | — |
184 | old | — |
185 | good | — |
186 | bad | — |
187 | rotten | — |
188 | dirty | — |
189 | straight | — |
190 | round | — |
191 | sharp | — |
192 | dull | — |
193 | smooth | — |
194 | wet | — |
195 | dry | — |
196 | correct | — |
197 | near | — |
198 | far | — |
199 | right | — |
200 | left | — |
201 | at | — |
202 | in | — |
203 | with | — |
204 | and | — |
205 | if | — |
206 | because | — |
207 | name | — |