Raqekhalak

Raqekhalak Халакрякэ
Type	Agglutinative
Alignment	Split-Ergativity
Head direction	Initial
Tonal	No
Declensions	Yes
Conjugations	Yes
Genders	3
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect
Meta-information
Progress	0%
Statistics Nouns 0% Verbs 0% Adjectives 0% Syntax 0% Words 0 of 1500
Creator	Philemon Jack

The author has marked this page as historic. This means it is significantly out of date but should be kept for historical purposes.
By all means, take a look around. Thank you.

Raqekhalak is a Halhanian language, spoken in Raqeslarkh, a large island nation between Russia and the United States, with a population of 8.2 million people.

Classification and Dialects

Raqekhalak /ɻakɛxalak, ɾakɛhalak/ is the official, native language of Raqeslarkh. It is part of the Raqic branch of the Halhan language family, previously considered a language isolate, and is distantly related to The Gerősë languages. It is considered to be the longest-living Halhanian language, at over 3200 years old. It is believed that Raqekhalak was first spoken in East Siberia, where Proto-Halhan and then Proto-Polyak was also spoken. The migration of the speakers towards the Pacific Ocean was due to lack of vegetation.

‘Raqekhalak’ is made out of Old Raqekhalak ‘Raqe’ (people) and ‘Khalak’ (speak).

Raqekhalak is split into 2 varieties, North and South, which only differ in pronunciation. This page’s phonology mainly focuses on the north variety as it is the ‘official variety’ and is the closest to Raqekhalak spelling (since all of its spelling reforms tend to favour the north variety), but I will occasionally show IPA transliterations for both. Key: /North Variety, South Variety/

Eglitarian Creole is a mix of Raqekhalak, North Eglit and Old Standard Gerősë, spoken by people in the far-western region of Ertsbzhyenaglit (‘Place of the Eglitarian refugees’) in Raqeslarkh. These people descended from immigrants who fled the Gerősën Empire during its final unstable years and subsequent downfall in 1814. Most immigrants found Raqekhalak hard to learn (Who could blame them?) and so incorporated Gerősën grammar and vocabulary in it, resulting in this creole. In the present day the Eglitarian Creole has become more like Raqekhalak but still has significant quirks to be a unique dialect.

Phonology

(*) denotes sounds not present in the Southern Variety.

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Epiglottal	Glottal
Nasal	m			n				ŋ
Plosive	p,b			t,d				k,g				(ʔ)
Affricate		(p̪f)*	t͡s		tʃ, d̠ʒ,
Fricative	f,v		θ, ð	s,z	ʃ, ʒ		j ~ ʝ	x*				h ~ ɦ
Approximant		ɥ	r			ɻ*		w
Tap/flap
Trill
Lateral Approximant			l

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back	Back
High	iː , yː				u
Near-high		ɪ		ʊ̃ ~ ũ
High-mid	e*				o, õ
Mid			ə
Low-mid	ɛ				ɔ
Near-low		æ*
Low			a		ɑ̃ ~ ɒ̃ ~ ɔ̃

Phonotactics

Syllable structure is (CCCCCCCCCC)C(V) as reflected by ф /f/ (and) and Щмтрзмшкрту /ʃtm̩trzm̩ʃkr̩tu/ (The jail).

Vowel clusters only exist in the Southern Variety of Raqekhalak (/ə̆ɪ/ and /ɐɪ/ corresponding to Northern /e/ and /æ/). If 2 vowels happen to come together, they are separated by a glottal stop (ʔ), which is not orthographically represented. Glottal stops only appear under this circumstance. E.g. Заэгят. /zaʔɛŋat/ (they have shouted.)

Within a syllable,

/x/ cannot precede /i/, /y/ and /e/ or be between two consonants.

Approximants cannot be adjacent to each other.

Affricates cannot precede any consonant.

/ð/ cannot be at the back.

/ɥ/ cannot precede a consonant.

Morphophonology

‘Softening’

When certain consonants or vowels precede a ‘Soft vowel’ (Я, Е, Ё, Ю, Ы, Ꙗ) or a ‘Soft sign’ (Ь), they can be phonetically altered.

Consonants						Vowels
Unsoftened		Softened				Unsoftened		Softened
Raqekhalak	IPA	Raqekhalak	IPA	Raqekhalak	IPA	Raqekhalak	IPA	Raqekhalak	IPA	Raqekhalak	IPA
В	/v/	Вь	/w/	Вя	/wa/	А	/a/	Аь	/æ/	Ая	/æja/
Г	/g/	Гь	/ŋ/	Гя	/ŋa/	У	/u/	Уь	/y/	Уя	/ɥa/
Д	/d/	Дь	/ð/	Дя	/ða/	О	/ɔ/	Оь	/o/	Оя	/oja/
Т	/t/	Ть	/θ/	Тя	/θa/	И	/i/	Иь	/e/	Ия	/eja/
Х	/x/	Хь	/h/	Хя	/ha/	Я	/ja/	Яь	/jæ/	Яя	/jæja/
						Ю	/ju/	Юь	/jo/	Юя	/joja/

Geminating a consonant or vowel can prevent this ‘softening’.

E.g. ввя is pronounced /vja/ and not /wa/; аая is pronounced /aja/ and not /æja/; яая is pronounced /jaja/ and not /jæja/

Infixing a soft sign between the altered phoneme and a soft vowel with cause the soft vowel to retain its /j/ sound. This rule can be ignored for softened vowels, since /j/ would be retained anyway, and <Уья> would be impossible due to phonotactics.

E.g. вья is pronounced /wja/ and not /wa/

Nasalisation

Certain vowels become nasalised when they precede nasal consonants (m, n, ŋ)

Unnasalised	Nasalised
a	ɔ̃
ɔ
ə	õ
o
u	ʊ̃

Stress

Raqekhalak syllable stress is non-phonemic, always falling on the first syllable of a word.

Writing System

Alphabet

Raqekhalak uses the Cyrillic script (Raqekhalak: Сценаѳкририллицу).

Letter	Аа	Бб	Вв	Гг	Дд	Ее	Ёё	Жж	Зз	Ии	Йй	Кк
Sound	a	b	v, w	g	d, ð	jɛ	jo	ʒ	z	i	j, ɪ	k
Letter	Лл	Мм	Нн	Оо	Пп	Рр	Сс	Тт	Уу	Фф	Хх
Sound	l	m	n	ɔ, o	p	r, ɻ	s	t,θ	u, y/ɥ	f	x,h
Letter	Цц	Чч	Шш	Дждж	Ъъ	Ыы	Ьь	Ээ	Юю
Sound	t͡s	tʃ	ʃ	d̠ʒ	ə	(j)i	*	ɛ	ju
Letter	Яя	Ꙗꙗ		Щщ
Sound	ja	jə		ʃt

*See ‘Softening’

Grammar

Nouns

Noun structure

(Case prefix)	Root(s)	(Case suffix)+(number)

‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ forms

Most words in Raqekhalak have a ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ form that tweaks its meaning, notably for marking definiteness, not to be confused with Germanic ‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ nouns.

‘Strong’ and ‘Weak’ forms are created when vowels adjust their ‘intensity’.

Sound changes from strong form to weak form.

‘Strong’ form	‘Weak’ form
a	о
э, о, оь	ъ
я	ё
е, ё	ꙗ
и, й*	у
ы	ю
у, ъ	оь
ю, ꙗ	ёь

*Only if it represents a vowel

Please note that the table above shows the sound changes from strong form to weak form, and may not apply to vice versa.

These two forms are essential to many aspects of Raqekhalak. For example, The strong form of a noun marks its definiteness.

E.g. Бър (a dog) > Бор (the dog)

Gender and Number

Gender endings

Category	Animate genders			Inanimate
	Common		Neuter
Declensions	1st		2nd	3rd	4th
‘Strong’	а	я	Voiced consonant	Unvoiced consonant	у	ю, й
‘Weak’	о	ё			оь	ёь, й
Allocation	People		Animals	Plants, non-living matter

Raqekhalak has 4 grammatical numbers, Singular, Dual, Trial, and Plural, all preserved from Proto-Halhan.

There are however, exceptions to the table above:

Words ending in -изм are inanimate, and are treated like 3rd declension nouns.

Words ending in -ётоь are either 1st, 2nd or 4th declension nouns depending on animacy.

Words ending in -(а)ск are either 2nd, 3rd or 4th declension nouns depending on animacy.

Case

There is an unusually large number of cases in Raqekhalak. Both strong and weak forms follow the same declension. Example declensions provided are in their strong forms, since they are the dictionary forms.

Gender	Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Noun	Рька	Левья	Бор	Гыт	Унылу	Фндою
IPA	/ɻka , ɾkaː/	/ljɛwja/	/bɔɹ , bɔː/	/ŋit/	/ʊ̃nilu , ʊ̃jluː/	/fn̩doju , fn̩dʊː/
Meaning	The person	The athlete	The dog	The support	The faith	The wind

.

The Morphosynthetic cases

The Ergative case

Marks the agent or the subject of a transitive verb.

	Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Singular	Рька	Левья	Бор	Гыт	Унылу	Фндою
Dual	Рькав	Левьяв	Боров	Гытъв	Унылув	Фндоюв
Trial	Рькая	Левьяя	Боря	Гыта	Унылувя	Фндоювя
Plural	Рьках	Левьях	Борэг	Гытяг	Унылуг	Фндюг

E.g. Рька флухма бъра. (The person saw a dog)

The Absolutive case

Marks the patient, the experiencer or the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive verb.

	Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Singular	Рькаи	Левьяи	Бора	Гыт	Унылу	Фндою
Dual	Рькаб	Левьяб	Бораб	Гытъб	Унылуб	Фндоюб
Trial	Рькаяр	Левьяяр	Бораяр	Гытър	Унылур	Фндоюр
Plural	Рькагь	Левьягь	Боригь	Гытъг	Унылуг	Фндоюг

E.g. Гыт джамякемутны левьяи. (I believe the stone hit the sprinter.)

Рькаи гдоюман. (The person is sleeping.)

The Accusative case

Marks the patient, the experiencer or the subject of an intransitive verb and the direct object of a transitive verb, with emphasis on the verb and/or agent. The Accusative case does not mark for number.

Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Рькай	Левьяй	Боръ	Гытъ	Унылуъ	Фндоюъ

Рька рзмшман кюътджуцъ. (It is the person is making a glove/gloves.)

The Ergative case II

Marks the agent or the subject of a transitive verb in an argument with a dative clause. For example, in the sentence ’I gave a flower to her ‘ or ‘I sang a song for her’, ‘I’ would fall into this case.

	Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Singular	Рькае	Левьяе	Борэ	Гытэ	Унылуэ	Фндоюэ
Dual	Рькаев	Левьяев	Борев	Гытев	Унылуев	Фндоюев
Trial	Рькаэя	Левьяэя	Борея	Гытер	Унылуер	Фндоюер
Plural	Рькаех	Левьяех	Борге	Гытег	Унылуег	Фндоюег

Пфае моькмоь гыт хьдагэт. (I gave the stone to them.)

The Ergative case III

This case is unique to this language, so I will do my best to explain how it works. Imagine that English was tweaked to include this case, where for the 1st person singular pronoun, ‘I’ is in the Ergative case and ‘mu’ is in the Ergative case III. Now consider the following examples:

1. I went to Germany.
2. Mu went to Germany.

Statement 1 implies that the speaker walked to Germany on foot, without external help, while statement 2 implies that the speaker relied on transport, most likely a plane, to get to Germany.

	Common		Neuter	Inanimate
Singular	Рькаон	Левьяон	Борон	Гытун	Унылун	Фндоюн
Dual	Рькаов	Левьяов	Борою	Гытву	Унылуву	Фндоюву
Trial	Рькаоя	Левьяоя	Борю	Гытру	Унылуру	Фндоюру
Plural	Рькаог	Левьяог	Борюг	Гытгу	Унылугу	Фндоюгу

Пфаон кыойщмоз слахнеметёме мъшрю. (I have not gone to Germany by car before.)

The Relative Cases

	Indirect	Genitive		Instrumental	Comitative	Sociative
		Animate possessed noun	Inanimate possessed noun
Singular	Рькает	-ерькa	-ерькaвю	Рькарю	Рькаръ	Рькарою
Dual	Рькабэт	-ерькабиь	-ерькабу	Рькабрю	Рькабръ	Рькаброю
Trial	Рькаят	-ерькаы	-ерькаю	Рькаярю	Рькаяръ	Рькаярою
Plural	Рькагэт	-ерькагиь	-ерькагу	Рькагрю	Рькагръ	Рькагрою

Genitive clauses are affixed to the back of an independent clause.

The Locative and Lative Cases

Marks location and/or direction. Nouns need to decline to Absolutive number before adding a suffix.

Suffix	inside/within		on the surface of		next to/near		among1
at	Inessive	-ёмиь	Superessive	-ниь	Adessive	-циь	Intrative	-скиь
(in)to	Illative	-ёме	Sublative	-не	Allative	-це	Intra-Allative	-ске
from	Elative	-ёмус	Delative	-нус	Ablative	-цус	Intra-Ablative	-скус
via	Perlative	-ёмэр	Prolative	-нэр	Adlative2	-цэр	Intra-Perlative	-скэр

E.g. Щмт (The house) Щмтмы (In the house) Щмтъбце (Towards the two houses)

1. Using a singular noun would be considered ungrammatical. When used with a dual noun, can also mean ‘between’.
2. ’along’

The Semantic Cases

	Partative		Vocative
	Animate modified noun	Inanimate modified noun
Singular	-ярькaм	-ярькaым	Рькасё
Dual	-ярькабэм	-ярькабим	Рькапсё
Trial	-ярькаяем	-ярькаям	Рькаясё
Plural	-ярькагэм	-ярькагим	Рькаксё

1. Partative clauses are affixed to the back of an independent clause.

The Causative cases

	Singular	Dual	Trial	Plural
Causal	-дэ	-до
Benefactive	-де	-дё
Caritative	-дуь	-дуё

.

The Essive cases

	Singular	Dual	Trial	Plural
Essive	-ла	-лб	-ля	-лгь
Essive-Formal	-чла	-чъб	-чя	-чъгь
Essive-modal1	-нѳ	-нб	-ня	-нгь

1. Can also be considered an Adverbial case, since it also used to create adverbs.

Pronouns

Pronouns follow the same case declensions as nouns, but they do not have strong or weak forms.

1st	2nd	2nd informal	3rd
Пфа	Уя	Вя	Хьда

Verbs

Verb structure

(Negation)	Root	Person	Aspect	Mood	(Reciprocal/Reflexivity)

Conjugations

These person conjugations are important, since Raqekhalak is a pro-drop language.

Person	1st*	2nd	Informal 2nd	3rd common	3rd neuter	3rd inanimate
Singular	-мо(ь)	-ми	-маь	-ма	-мна	-ему
Dual	-во(ь)	-ви	-ваь	-ва
Trial	-ё	-ы	-яь	-ья
Plural	-гё	-гы	-гяь	-гя

* <ь> is only realised in perfective aspect combined with indicative mood, where there are no other suffixes.

Aspect

Aspect	Marker	Example
Perfective	Weak form	I struck the bell
Perfect	Strong form + т	I have struck the bell
Imperfective	Strong form + н	I am striking a bell
Experiential	Strong form + з	I have struck the bell before
Discontinuous past	Strong form + к	I put the pen onto the table (but it is not there anymore)

Mood

Mood	Suffix	Example
Indicative	-Ø	You eat
Subjunctive	-шбе	If you eat
Conditional	-ше	You would eat
Imperative	-но	Eat!
Inferential	-ны	(I think) he ate
Optative	-ля	You wish to eat

Negation

Negative prefix: Кы-

Reciprocal and Reflexivity

Suffixes

Reciprocal	Reflexive
-лч	-(ъ)ш

.

Sample verb:

Гыюмоьзшбеш, фъраьтгыше.

Dressed-1.SG-EXPERIENCIAL-SUBJUNCTIVE-REFLEXIVE, See-PERFECTIVE-2.PL-CONDITIONAL

If I have dressed myself before, you all would have seen (it).

Adjectives

Adjectives agree with definite nouns by using the strong form of a root, while agreement of gender is through infixes that go after the second vowel.

Лыдию (the anger)

Лыдимаю (angry)

Рькалидимаю (the angry person)

If the root has only one vowel or no vowels at all, the infix becomes a suffix.

Крту (the evilness)

Кртма (evil)

Рькакртма (the evil person)

As seen above, in cases where a vowel is at the end of a root, that vowel tends to disappear.

While they are usually affixed to the back of the independent clause, the placement of the adjective has recently become unusually flexible, with adjectives being able to be put anywhere as long as it is adjacent to the independent clause. E.g. Уьзма-рько-хоьдма. (A nice old man) lit. Nice-man-old.

Infixes

Common	Neuter	Inanimate
-ма-	-мян-	-му-

Syntax

Raqekhalak has free word order, although it is preferably S-V-O.

Lexicon

Basic Greetings, Sentences and Words for Conversations

In Raqekhalak, the word for Hello and Goodbye are exactly the same. Sometimes, speakers may add ‘I have come’ or ‘I am leaving’ to specify what they mean, but most speakers can easily tell from context.

Hello!/Goodbye! - Ъзуть! or Ъзудё! for greeting a number of people. Evolved from Изу уяде (Goodness for you)

Hi!/Bye! (Informal) - Ъз!

Good Morning! - Изму ру ливувэщмиь! (Lit. Good is the early-in-the-day!)

Yes - Оьгь

No - Гя

‘Excuse me’ and ‘I’m sorry’ - Уяде пфа он лыдиюма! (Lit: For you I am sad)

1st	2nd	2nd informal	3rd
Пфа	Уя	Вя	Хьда

Пфа ач… (I am…) Only used for introducing yourself. For describing your personality, internal traits, or feelings and emotions, say Пфа ру…

Raqekhalak has no direct equivalent for ’to have’. Thus, ‘I have a dog’ in Raqekhalak is structured like ‘A dog is with me’ or ‘With me is a dog’. Always remember to decline ‘Пфа’ into the Comitative case, or else you might accidentally say “I am at a dog”!

Пфаръ ам бър. (I have a dog.) Lit. With me is a dog.

Пфаръ ам… (I have…)

Basic Words, Statements and Such

Raqekhalak, unlike Indo-European languages, has more than one copula. Each is used under different circumstances and has no person conjugations.

Copula	Usage	Example
Ач	Equating; ‘to be’	Пфа ач ёхъръ. (I am a doctor.)
Ру	For adjectives	Уяа ру изму. (You are nice.)
Он	For external feeling, taste; subjective equating; ‘to seem’	Бор он изму. (The dog seems nice.)
Ам	For location or relation; ‘to be situated at’	Пфа ам щмтмы. (I am in the house.) Хьда ам пфаръ. (She is with me.)

.

There is no direct Raqekhalak equivalent for ‘here’ or ‘there’ either, instead demanding for the subject’s relation to the speaker/listener.

‘Here’ :

Пфациь lit. Near me

Уяциь lit. Near you

’There’ :

Пфацус lit. Away from me

Уяцус lit. Away from you

The rough equivalent to demonstratives ‘this’ and ‘that’ are treated like adjectives that agree with gender but not definiteness or number. Raqekhalak demonstratives can be considered as having a six-way distinction between proximal, medial, and distal, and other contrasts, like whether an object is distal from the listener’s point of view or from the third person’s point of view.

Борпиян lit. The dog near me.

Борпусян lit. The dog away from me.

Боруьян/-ввян lit. The dog near you.

Боруьсян/-ввян lit. The dog away from you.

Бордаян lit. The dog near him.

Бордсян lit. The dog away from him.

Demonstratives

Gender agreement>>>		Common				Neuter				Inanimate
Relation	Reference>>>	1st	2nd	Informal 2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	Informal 2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	Informal 2nd	3rd
Near		Пяма	Уьяма	Вьяма	Дяма	Пиян	Уьян	Вьян	Даям	Пяму	Уьяму	Вьяму	Дяму
Away from		Пусма	Уьсма	Всма	Дсма	Пусян	Уьсян	Всям	Дсям	Пусму	Уьсму	Всму	Дсму

The RIGHT way to use these demostratives:

• As a determiner, e.g. This dog

The WRONG way to use them:

• As a pronoun, e.g. I hate this. Instead use Хьда (it).
• As an adverb or submodifier, e.g. I’ve never seen him this angry. Instead use the construction ‘I have not seen it before. He is angrier.’

Raqekhalak uses the 24-hour clock. To describe the current time, use the following template. See ‘Numbers’ to help with your construction.

Пфацус ам оку…цэю (Around me is the …th hour)

As you may have guessed, Raqekhalak has no native word for ‘now’. While the language has borrowed ‘Сичас’ from Russian ‘Сейчас’, the classic statement of telling the time has been used so much over the centuries that it is unlikely that ‘Пфамы’ will be replaced with ‘Сичас’ anytime soon.

For describing ’before’ and ‘after’ a certain event, use the Illative and Elative case respectively.

Егъртме, пфа янмон жотъбсур. (Before the meeting, I was eating a cheese sandwich.) lit. Towards the meeting, I was eating a cheese-two-bread.

As long as there is no verb that implies that the writer was physically moving in the direction of where meeting was held, listeners can easily tell from context that the speaker is referring to an event before the meeting.

Proper Nouns and their declensions

Raqekhalak follows the ‘Eastern name order’, where surnames are put at the front. For example, in the name Гытя Ёсиф, Гытя is the surname while Ёсиф is the ‘regular’ first name.

The surname is always the name that experiences noun declension, E.g. Гытядэ Ёсипф (Because of Гыѳа Ёсипф), unless it is not given, E.g. Ёсипфдэ (Because of Ёсиф).

It doesn’t matter if the name is technically inanimate or neuter based on its grammatical gender. Ёсиф is declined according to inanimate gender even though it is a name for an animate person.

Word Derivation

Nouns can change meaning by changing gender.

E.g. Лꙗвё (a leg) > Лꙗвьꙗ (an athlete)

Verbs and adjectives are regularly derived from nouns. The root may be slightly altered during derivation.

E.g. Слвай (word) > Слвоймоь (I wrote) > Слваймон (I am writing)

Заэк (the noise) > Заэгят (They have shouted)

Note that the ‘к’ in the root word disappears when turned into a verb, independent of verb conjugations.

Compound words

Raqekhalak tends to have an unusual preference for compound words over entirely new roots, even in modern times. A compound word’s ‘descriptive words’ are always affixed to the back of the first root, unlike German or Chinese.

Кыот (the covering) + Джиц (the hand) = Кыотджиц (the glove)

Щмт (the house) + Кныкъг (the books) = Щмткныкъг (the bookstore)

Слвай (The word) + Зцар (The lightning) = Слвайзцар (The [digital] text)

In a compound word, the very first root is always the one to be declined.

Рошоьд (a brain) + Зцор (lightning) = Ровшоьдзцор (a computer)

Рошоьдёмиьзцор (inside a computer)

Рошоьдъбзцор (two computers)

Common Affixes

Affix	Meaning	Etymology	Notes
-блы	Superlative suffix	From ‘Бэлэя’ (all) and ‘ниь’ (above, on top of)	Usually affixed to adjectives. Means ‘the best’ when affixed to nouns.
-дан	Comparative	From ‘Хьда’ (He/She/It) and ‘ниь’ (above, on top of)	Usually affixed to adjectives. Means ‘better’ when affixed to nouns.
-ётоь	Diminutive suffix	Unknown. May be related to ‘Вёю’ (little, insignificant)	Usually affixed to nouns
-(а)ск	Augmentative suffix	Unknown	Usually affixed to nouns
-угь	Again, repeated action	From ‘Чугю’ (again)	Usually affixed to verbs.
-(и)зм	The ideology of	From Russian ‘-изм’
Гаь(й)-	The lack of	From ‘Гаь’ (zero/nothing)
Джам-	Against	From ‘Джамякчугью’ (the fight)	Sometimes ‘Ѣнти-‘ from Greek ‘anti-‘ via English.
Щг(а)-	The study of	From ‘Щгану’ (the study/the lesson)

Numbers

Raqekhalak uses the base 12 counting system, with each number treated like a noun, with strong forms and weak forms.

Dictionary form of Raqekhalak numbers

	0	12	24	36	122	123
+0	Гаь	Джм	Джмбааь	Джмфиз	Джаж	Джаджеж
+1	Ри	Рифджм	Рифджмбааь
+2	Баь	Бафджм	Бафджмбааь
+3	Физ	Физифджм	Физифджмбааь
+4	Флш	Флшифджм	Флшифджмбааь
+5	Нош	Ношифджм	Ношифджмбааь
+6	Бэджм	Бэджмфджм	Бэджмфджмбааь
+7	Брэдж	Брэджифджм	Брэджифджмбааь
+8	Цецт	Цецтифджм	Цецтифджмбааь
+9	Шуь	Шуьфджм	Шуьфджмбааь
+10	Флм	Флмфджм	Флмфджмбааь
+11	Нм	Нмфджм	Нмфджмбааь

When used to describe quantities, like ‘five apples’, ‘apples’ get declined into partative case. Declining the noun into Intra-ablative case will change its meaning to ‘five out of the apples’.

The grammatical number of the noun must reflect the ordinal number itself. Numbers agree with gender by changing its final vowel.

Endings for gender agreement

Dictionary form	Common	Neuter	Inanimate
-Vowel	+я	+й	+ю
-Consonant	+а	+ий	+у
-ь	-я	-й	-ю

E.g. Цецтуябуьтьми. (The eight trees.) lit. Eight of trees.

Байяборбм. (The two dogs.) lit. Two of dogs. Note that ‘-яборбм’ (of the dogs) is in Partative dual number, and ‘Баaя’ agrees with animate gender.

Бойябърбм. (Two random dogs.)

Цецтускиьябуьтьми. (Among the eight trees.)

Физа (The three (animate beings))

To create an ordinal number, suffix -цэя/-цэю (common,neuter/inanimate) to the dictionary form and affix the number to the back of the noun.

Борбааюцэя. (The second dog.)

Since the base-10 latin number system would be unsuitable for Raqekhalak, Raqekhalak continues to use Cyrillic numerals.

	0	+3	+6	+9
+1	А	Д	Ꙁ	Ф	36	М	122	҂Б	1212	Ꙋ
+2	Б	Е	И	Н	72	Ѻ	123	҂Г	1224	Ѯ
+3	Г	Ѕ	Ѳ	І	108	Ч	124	҂Д	1236	Ѿ

To denote number, add a Cyrillic titlo ( ҃ ) to the top of or near the first numeral.

҃҂БМ ‘151’

Titlo + ‘144’	‘7’
҃҂Б	М

Even though there are multiple ways to make 151 using Raqekhalak Cyrillic numerals, this variation is the correct one as it uses the least numerals.

Forming Questions

In Raqekhalak, a yes-or-no question is marked with a question mark.

Уя янмин. - You are eating.

Уя янмин? - Are you eating?

After that it gets more unusual.

Цон roughly translates to ‘what’. Funnily enough, it is treated like a regular noun and thus can decline for one of the vast number of cases!

Цонрю - How?/With what?

Цонмиь - Where?

Цондэ - Why?

Цонде - What for?

Ѵа янмин цона? - What are you eating? Literally: You is-eating what?

Raqekhalak also has 3 genders: Common (for people), Neuter (for animals), and Inanimate (for inanimate objects) and nouns can change gender (since gender is labeled by certain noun endings) to tweak their meaning.

Цоня - Who?

Цонядэ - Because of who?

Loanwords

Russian was Raqekhalak’s primary loanword provider for many centuries, mainly due to close contact and proximity. This closeness was also the reason Raqekhalak uses the Cyrillic script.

• Many words were borrowed directly from Russian, like Кнык (The book) from Russian ‘Книга’.
• Some were ‘filtered through’ Russian. For example, Креветкад (The prawn) from French ‘crevette’ via Russian ‘креветка’

The latter ceased from the mid-20th century onwards as Raqekhalak started to nurture diplomatic relations with the United States. This led to highly unusual strong forms and weak forms, where one is the British version of an English loanword while the other is the American one.

Strong	Weak	Meaning
Труик	Буйт	Trunk/boot of a car
Канф	Бинф	Trash can/ Dustbin
Лыдибаг	Лыдибърд	Ladybug/Ladybird

Example text

Дгъгькфндоюниьепфавю он блму оьгъргрю!

My hovercraft is full of eels!