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Reneonese ' | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Nominative-Accusative | |||
Head direction | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information[]
Reneonese is the language of Reneon, a kingdom in western Andalucia. It is a romance language, one with no close relatives. (though some believe it to be related to nabouring Xanionic language spoken west of Reneon.) It is influenced by Spanish Mozarabic, Arabic, & in recent years by Cree & Japanese. It is a language spoken by people of a great sea trade & fishing tradition, though citrus farming is the society's chief export. The language is devided into many dialects varying from consevative inland varieties & innovative coastal ones. In the south, otaku & gaming cultures are popular.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ||||
Plosive | p | t | k | |||
Voiced Plosive | b | d | g | |||
Fricative | f | th | s | sh | h | |
Voiced Fricative | v | |||||
Affricate | ts | c | x | |||
Rhotic | r | |||||
Approximant | l | j |
Vowels[]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |||
Near-close | |||||
Close-mid | |||||
Mid | e | o | |||
Open-mid | |||||
Near-open | |||||
Open | a |
Alphabet[]
A B C 'C' D E F G H I J L M N O P R S T U V X
"C" makes an s sound before e & i, & a k sound anywhere else.
"G" makes a c sound before e & i, & a g sound anywhere else.
The sound sh is written as "Sh".
The sound th is written "TH".
The additional letter between C & D is a c with a cedilla underneath it. I don't know how to type this letter so I'l just use 'c' for this simble, regardless of capitalization. It makes the s sound. It is used only in words from latin that where written with a c. The key difference from "C" in it's use. 'c' is only used before any letter aside from e & i. Reneonese has the following diphthongs, ei, ai, & ao.
J cannot be followed by e or i.
Grammar[]
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Verbs[]
Verbs have 3 moods (indicative, imperative, & subjunctive), 6 tenses (present, imperfect, future, perfect, future perfect, & past), & two voices (active & passive).
The past tense form is borrowed from Spanish.
Active Indicative |
Passive Indicative | Active Imperative | Passive Imperative | Active Subjunctive | Passive Subjunctive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | -o | -oj | -a | -ari | -en | -ej |
Imperfect | -athan | -athaj | -aren | -arej | ||
Future | -atho | -athoj | -ato | -atoj | ||
Pefect | -avi | -atso | -arvi | -atsi | ||
Future Perfect | -arvo | -atsej | -arven | -athej | ||
Past | -odo | -ojdo | -endo | -ejdo |
Nouns[]
Nouns have four cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, & locative), two numbers (singular & plural). Nouns have 5 declensions. In southern dialects, plural forms are used sparingly. The 1st declension is used for words that end with a. The Second is for those that end with o. The Third is for those that end in anything else except s. The fourth is for s. & the fifth is for human beings ( The only part that declines by gender)
1 Declension (A) | Singular Neuter | Plural Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -aj |
Accusative | -am | -as |
Genitive | -ej | -aron |
Locative | -ej | -is |
2 Declension (O) | Singular Neuter | Plural Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -om | -a |
Accusative | -om | -a |
Genitive | -i | -oron |
Locative | -i | -is |
3 Declension (X) |
Singular Neuter | Plural Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -s/-es | -ija |
Accusative | -s/-es | -ija |
Genitive | -is | -ijon |
Locative | -i | -ithos |
4 Declension (S) |
Singular Neuter | Plural Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | -o | -oa |
Accusative | -o | -oa |
Genitive | -os | -on |
Locative | -os | -ithos |
5 Declension (G) | Singular Masculine | Plural Masculine | Singular Feminine | Plural Feminine |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -ao | -ajo | -a | -aja |
Accusative | -an | -as | -ana | -asa |
Genitive | -ajo | -aron | -aja | -arona |
Locative | -ajo | -is | -aja | -isa |
Personal Pronouns[]
Pronouns have three genders, three persons, & two numbers.
First Person Singular | First Person Plural | Second Person Singular | Second Person Plural | Third Person Singular | Third Person Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | ho | nos | to | vi | sa | ir |
Feminine | ho | nos | tua | via | em | ' 'ai |
Neuter | ho | nos | to or tua | vi or via | ed | ao |
Demonstative Prononus[]
There are three demonstratives, each have only three genders & two numbers.
Demonstrative Type | Masculine Sinular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Singular | Feminine Plural | Neuter Singular | Neuter Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal (This, This One) | ica | i | aca | ai | oca | eca |
Distal (That, That one) | iri | iril | ila | ilai | irit | ela |
Medial (That Of Yours) | ese | esi | esa | esai | esta | eso |
Other Pronouns[]
Who - Gve
What - Gved
Itself - Ixon
Themselves - Ixa
That - Gva
Articles[]
Definite Singular | Definite Plural | Indefinite Singular | Indefinite Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | lo | los | uno | unos |
Feminine | la | las | une | unas |
Neuter | li | les | uni | unes |
Numerals[]
Cardinal - Unos/Unas, Dovo, Trisa, Vatro, Vinva, Sissa, Sita, Otto, Nova, Dica
Ordinal - Prima, Scunda, Thertia.
Adjectives[]
Reneonese adjectives have the unusually feature of having moods. There are three moods, imperative, indicative, & subjunctive. It is generally believed that these moods are the result with contact with the Japanese. Adjectives also have three cases (nominative, ablative, & special), three genders, & two numbers, as well as a comparative & superlative form.
Masculine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Singular | Feminine Plural | Neuter Singular | Neuter Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -a | -ei | -o | -ai | -ao | -an |
Ablative | -ol | -im | -as | -in | -ot | -it |
Special | -uno | -orans | -ane | -arans | unai | -irons |
Mood is incerted between the suffix & the root word.
Imperative - -ep-
Indicative - -et-
Subjunctive - -it-
The comparative & the superlative takes the form of a prefix.
Comparative - tai-
Superlative - no-
The Word Edena[]
The word edena means same.
Masculine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Singular | Feminine Plural | Neuter Singular | Neuter Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | edena | edenas | jadena | jadenas | edeno | jedeno |
Ablative | jodena | esadena | jadeno | isadena | jedena | jasadena |
Special | osadena | osendena | osandena | osondena | aosidena | orundena |
Adverbs[]
Adverbs are identified by a prefix, -ere, at the end of adjectivies. The same Comparative & Superlative prefixes for adjectives are used for adverbs.
Syntax/Word Order[]
Reneonese is verb final, often being head final too. But for the most part, word order is free, though many speakers make SOV tendencies.
These word order features have been compared with Japanese.
Vocabulary[]
No. | English | |
---|---|---|
1 | I | — |
2 | you (singular) | — |
3 | he | — |
4 | we | — |
5 | you (plural) | — |
6 | they | — |
7 | this | — |
8 | that | — |
9 | here | — |
10 | there | — |
11 | who | — |
12 | what | — |
13 | where | — |
14 | when | — |
15 | how | — |
16 | not | — |
17 | all | — |
18 | many | — |
19 | some | — |
20 | few | — |
21 | other | — |
22 | one | — |
23 | two | — |
24 | three | — |
25 | four | — |
26 | five | — |
27 | big | — |
28 | long | — |
29 | wide | — |
30 | thick | — |
31 | heavy | — |
32 | small | — |
33 | short | — |
34 | narrow | — |
35 | thin | — |
36 | woman | — |
37 | man (adult male) | — |
38 | man (human being) | — |
39 | child | — |
40 | wife | — |
41 | husband | — |
42 | mother | — |
43 | father | — |
44 | animal | — |
45 | fish | — |
46 | bird | — |
47 | dog | — |
48 | louse | — |
49 | snake | — |
50 | worm | — |
51 | tree | — |
52 | forest | — |
53 | stick | — |
54 | fruit | — |
55 | seed | — |
56 | leaf | — |
57 | root | — |
58 | bark | — |
59 | flower | — |
60 | grass | — |
61 | rope | — |
62 | skin | — |
63 | meat | — |
64 | blood | — |
65 | bone | — |
66 | fat | — |
67 | egg | — |
68 | horn | — |
69 | tail | — |
70 | feather | — |
71 | hair | — |
72 | head | — |
73 | ear | — |
74 | eye | — |
75 | nose | — |
76 | mouth | — |
77 | tooth | — |
78 | tongue | — |
79 | fingernail | — |
80 | foot | — |
81 | leg | — |
82 | knee | — |
83 | hand | — |
84 | wing | — |
85 | belly | — |
86 | guts | — |
87 | neck | — |
88 | back | — |
89 | breast | — |
90 | heart | — |
91 | liver | — |
92 | drink | — |
93 | eat | — |
94 | bite | — |
95 | suck | — |
96 | spit | — |
97 | vomit | — |
98 | blow | — |
99 | breathe | — |
100 | laugh | — |
101 | see | — |
102 | hear | — |
103 | know | — |
104 | think | — |
105 | smell | — |
106 | fear | — |
107 | sleep | — |
108 | live | — |
109 | die | — |
110 | kill | — |
111 | fight | — |
112 | hunt | — |
113 | hit | — |
114 | cut | — |
115 | split | — |
116 | stab | — |
117 | scratch | — |
118 | dig | — |
119 | swim | — |
120 | fly | — |
121 | walk | — |
122 | come | — |
123 | lie | — |
124 | sit | — |
125 | stand | — |
126 | turn | — |
127 | fall | — |
128 | give | — |
129 | hold | — |
130 | squeeze | — |
131 | rub | — |
132 | wash | — |
133 | wipe | — |
134 | pull | — |
135 | push | — |
136 | throw | — |
137 | tie | — |
138 | sew | — |
139 | count | — |
140 | say | — |
141 | sing | — |
142 | play | — |
143 | float | — |
144 | flow | — |
145 | freeze | — |
146 | swell | — |
147 | sun | — |
148 | moon | — |
149 | star | — |
150 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
159 | earth | — |
160 | cloud | — |
161 | fog | — |
162 | sky | — |
163 | wind | — |
164 | snow | — |
165 | ice | — |
166 | smoke | — |
167 | fire | — |
168 | ash | — |
169 | burn | — |
170 | road | — |
171 | mountain | — |
172 | red | — |
173 | green | — |
174 | yellow | — |
175 | white | — |
176 | black | — |
177 | night | — |
178 | day | — |
179 | year | — |
180 | warm | — |
181 | cold | — |
182 | full | — |
183 | new | — |
184 | old | — |
185 | good | — |
186 | bad | — |
187 | rotten | — |
188 | dirty | — |
189 | straight | — |
190 | round | — |
191 | sharp | — |
192 | dull | — |
193 | smooth | — |
194 | wet | — |
195 | dry | — |
196 | correct | — |
197 | near | — |
198 | far | — |
199 | right | — |
200 | left | — |
201 | at | — |
202 | in | — |
203 | with | — |
204 | and | — |
205 | if | — |
206 | because | — |
207 | name | — |