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Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
No | |||
Conjugations | |||
No | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
General information[]
Spoken by the Aquakin, a tribe from an earth not unlike our own, who share the ability of hydrokinesis. Although spoken in a parallel universe with no ties to ours (and yet somehow it's languages can be written here), it has been speculated that it bears some similarities to the languages of our world.
Phonology: Hawaiian and Latin; fricatives, vowels, nasals and approximates to imitate the sound of water
Grammar: Finnish and Latin; agglutinating>inflecting
Vocabulary: Irish Gaelic, Hawaiian and Hebrew; many meanings for each word, relies on context, as with hawaiian
Script: reverse abugida - different symbols for each vowel, diacritics for consonants
The name literally means, in proto-sileshanea, a collection of songs:
shanā - to sing
le - result of action
si - collection of
ea - abstract noun ending
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ng | |||||||||
Plosive | t | |||||||||||
Fricative | f v | th dh | s z | sh zh | h | |||||||
Affricate | ||||||||||||
Approximant | ||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||
Flap or tap | r | |||||||||||
Lateral fric. | lh | |||||||||||
Lateral app. | l | |||||||||||
Lateral flap |
The symbols given above are those used in transliterating to the latin alphabet
u and i are sometimes realised as approximates, voiced labial-velar and palatal respectively
Vowels[]
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | |||||
Near-close | i ī | u ū | |||
Close-mid | |||||
Mid | |||||
Open-mid | e ē | o ō | |||
Near-open | |||||
Open | a ā |
Alphabet[]
Phonotactics[]
The following diphthongs are allowed: ei ai oi au eu
t can be realised as any stop, but it is usually alveolar
Syllable structure is (C)V(n),
However, under certain circumstances (e.g case ending with final a dropped, plural) a word can end in r, l or sh
There is a simple tone/pitch accent system, similar to Japanese, where each syllable can carry either a high of low tone.
Grammar[]
Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Verb | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adjectives | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Numbers | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Article | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Both transitive and intransitive verbs conjugate according to subject, as in Nom-Acc langs. However, cases are Ergative - that is, subject of an intransitive verb is in the absolute, as is the object of a transitive verb, while the subject of a transitive verb takes the ergative case.
Verbs:
end in -i
prefixes for meaning changes, suffixes for grammatical indications
Tenses:
present (assumed) - the action is happening now
past - one did it, even earlier today
future - one will do it
removed - ancient history, storytelling
Aspects:
simple (assumed)
habitual - happens over and over again
completed - one has done it
ongoing - one is doing it
beginning (inc about to begin) - about to happen
Moods:
emphatic - (ONE DOES IT)
indicative (assumed) -
conditional - (If one does it, then...)
imperative - (I order one to do it)
subjunctive - (it isn't certain whether one is doing it or not)
opiative - (one wants to do it)
debitive - (one must do it)
order of suffixes is tense, aspect then mood
Intransitive verbs conjugate for subject, with either optional pronoun, or noun in abs case
transitive verbs with no subject and a noun as object do not conjugate, and have the noun in the correct case
transitive verbs with no subject and a pronoun as object conjugate for object (same endings as for subject) with the suffix zai
Nouns:
end in -a
suffixes/inflect for cases
Cases: absolute (the dog does something, has something done to it)
ergative (the dog does something)
gen (possesive) (the cat belongs to the dog)
gen (partitive) (some of the dog)
dat (inc moving to) (it was given to the dog, the cat ran to the dog)
abl (true, not latin) (the cat ran from the dog)
loc (located at) (the cat ran around near/at the dog)
instr (the cat did it by [using] the dog)
vocative (O dog!)
equative (the cat ran to the fox, which was equal to the dog. (the dog's equal, the dog's equivalent, sometimes even doglike)
causative (the dog caused the cat to run)
All nouns belong to classes/declensions
i - women/female sentient
e - abstract nouns
a - real life objects
o - live objects (plants, animals)
u - men/male sentient
But sometimes endings can be changed to change meaning,
eg. ball - faxla
fāli - fat woman
fāle - sphere?
fālo - mushroom? pig?
fālu - fat man
Singular, dual/collective plural, plural
dual - a>e (last consonant voiced?)
plural - a>ēsh
endings:
a - definite object
ē - dual, collective plural, indefinite object
- - (a/the/doesn't matter) used more often than in english
esh - plural
adding n to the end of a word or affix indicates negation
Adjectives
Same as nouns but end in o rather than a, which is pluralised to osh. There is no dual/collective plural, so an adjective agreeing with a noun of this form will simply be in plural form.
Must agree in case, gender and number with the noun they describe
Possesive adjectives are based on the letters for pronouns, but with a difference between pertaining to, and owned by. One of them (to be determined at a later date) begins with a, eg my - mo, amo
Where confusion exists:
conjunctions end in
adverbs end in
Vocabulary[]
No. | English | Sileshanea |
---|---|---|
1 | I | -m- |
2 | you (singular) | -th- |
3 | he | -sh- |
4 | we | -f- (inc), -n- (exc) |
5 | you (plural) | -v- |
6 | they | -z- |
7 | this | — |
8 | that | — |
9 | here | — |
10 | there | — |
11 | who | -l- |
12 | what | — |
13 | where | — |
14 | when | — |
15 | how | — |
16 | not | -n |
17 | all | īle |
18 | many | — |
19 | some | — |
20 | few | līmo |
21 | other | — |
22 | one | — |
23 | two | — |
24 | three | — |
25 | four | — |
26 | five | — |
27 | big | — |
28 | long | — |
29 | wide | — |
30 | thick | — |
31 | heavy | — |
32 | small | — |
33 | short | — |
34 | narrow | — |
35 | thin | — |
36 | woman | — |
37 | man (adult male) | — |
38 | man (human being) | — |
39 | child | — |
40 | wife | — |
41 | husband | — |
42 | mother | āmi |
43 | father | fāthu |
44 | animal | — |
45 | fish | — |
46 | bird | — |
47 | dog | — |
48 | louse | — |
49 | snake | — |
50 | worm | — |
51 | tree | — |
52 | forest | — |
53 | stick | — |
54 | fruit | — |
55 | seed | — |
56 | leaf | — |
57 | root | — |
58 | bark | — |
59 | flower | — |
60 | grass | — |
61 | rope | — |
62 | skin | — |
63 | meat | — |
64 | blood | — |
65 | bone | — |
66 | fat | — |
67 | egg | — |
68 | horn | — |
69 | tail | — |
70 | feather | — |
71 | hair | — |
72 | head | — |
73 | ear | — |
74 | eye | — |
75 | nose | — |
76 | mouth | — |
77 | tooth | — |
78 | tongue | — |
79 | fingernail | — |
80 | foot | — |
81 | leg | — |
82 | knee | — |
83 | hand | — |
84 | wing | — |
85 | belly | — |
86 | guts | — |
87 | neck | — |
88 | back | — |
89 | breast | — |
90 | heart | — |
91 | liver | — |
92 | drink | — |
93 | eat | — |
94 | bite | — |
95 | suck | — |
96 | spit | — |
97 | vomit | — |
98 | blow | — |
99 | breathe | — |
100 | laugh | — |
101 | see | — |
102 | hear | — |
103 | know | — |
104 | think | — |
105 | smell | — |
106 | fear | — |
107 | sleep | — |
108 | live | — |
109 | die | — |
110 | kill | — |
111 | fight | — |
112 | hunt | — |
113 | hit | — |
114 | cut | — |
115 | split | — |
116 | stab | — |
117 | scratch | — |
118 | dig | — |
119 | swim | — |
120 | fly | — |
121 | walk | — |
122 | come | — |
123 | lie | — |
124 | sit | — |
125 | stand | — |
126 | turn | — |
127 | fall | — |
128 | give | — |
129 | hold | — |
130 | squeeze | — |
131 | rub | — |
132 | wash | — |
133 | wipe | — |
134 | pull | — |
135 | push | — |
136 | throw | — |
137 | tie | — |
138 | sew | — |
139 | count | — |
140 | say | — |
141 | sing | — |
142 | play | — |
143 | float | — |
144 | flow | — |
145 | freeze | — |
146 | swell | — |
147 | sun | — |
148 | moon | — |
149 | star | — |
150 | water | — |
151 | rain | — |
152 | river | — |
153 | lake | — |
154 | sea | — |
155 | salt | — |
156 | stone | — |
157 | sand | — |
158 | dust | — |
159 | earth | — |
160 | cloud | — |
161 | fog | — |
162 | sky | — |
163 | wind | — |
164 | snow | — |
165 | ice | — |
166 | smoke | — |
167 | fire | — |
168 | ash | — |
169 | burn | — |
170 | road | — |
171 | mountain | — |
172 | red | — |
173 | green | — |
174 | yellow | — |
175 | white | — |
176 | black | — |
177 | night | — |
178 | day | — |
179 | year | — |
180 | warm | — |
181 | cold | — |
182 | full | — |
183 | new | — |
184 | old | — |
185 | good | — |
186 | bad | — |
187 | rotten | — |
188 | dirty | — |
189 | straight | — |
190 | round | — |
191 | sharp | — |
192 | dull | — |
193 | smooth | — |
194 | wet | — |
195 | dry | — |
196 | correct | — |
197 | near | — |
198 | far | — |
199 | right | — |
200 | left | — |
201 | at | — |
202 | in | — |
203 | with | — |
204 | and | — |
205 | if | — |
206 | because | — |
207 | name | — |