Synapsis[]
Simpa was an Auxlang-Englang Cross language with inspiration of "Verbs" and Toki Pona. Now im reforming it to be a natural englang
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal/Velar | |
---|---|---|---|
Plosives | p | t | k |
Aproximants | w | r | j |
Nasals | n | ||
Fricatives | s |
j: [j, ʝ, ʒ]
r: [ɾ, ɺ, ɻ, ⱱ, ɹ̆, r̆, ʁ̆, ʀ̆]
n: normally alveolar, but any nasal besides [ɲ] can be used.
Vowels[]
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | u /u/ |
Mid | e /e̞/ | o /o̞/ |
Open | a /ä/ |
Phonotactics[]
(C)V(n)
4 consonants (p, n, r, s) have all vowels
3 Consonants (t, k, j) aren't able to combine with "i" ("ti" and "ki" become "pi", "ji" become "ri")
1 Consonant (w) isn't able to combine with "u" ("wu" becomes "u")
The "n" is optional for all the combination
(+n) | -a | -e | -i | -o | -u |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | a | e | i | o | u |
n- | na | ne | ni | no | nu |
p- | pa | pe | pi | po | pu |
r- | ra | re | ri | ro | ru |
s- | sa | se | si | so | su |
j- | ja | je | ri | jo | ju |
k- | ka | ke | pi | ko | ku |
t- | ta | te | pi | to | tu |
w- | wa | we | wi | wo | u |
Grammar[]
Pronouns[]
Person | Singular | Plural (-n) | |
---|---|---|---|
1st | noko: I | nokon: I+you
(We) |
nokono: I-you
(We) |
2nd | kenta: you | kentan: y'all
(you) |
|
3rd | rinsa: he, she | rinsan: they |
Also, "nanpi" can be used to make plural, however it has the meaning of "many..."
Verbs[]
All verbs derive from nouns, putting a Tense Adverb
Tense | Adverb |
---|---|
Present | won |
Future | jan |
Past | ren |
Participle | san |
Example: noko ajen won kenta (I see you), noko ajen jan kenta (I'll see you), noko ajen ren kenta (I saw you)
Imperfect Aspect[]
For the imperfect aspect: If the verb is only one word long, then it uses the same verb twice, reduplicating it.
But if it's two or more words long, "nuru" (again) is putted beetwen the verb root and the tense adverb.
For example: noko ajen ajen won (I'm watching), ajen aparun nuru won (I'm telling a story).
Converbs[]
To make new aspects, a one-word verb is used as an auxiliar verb, the main verb is putted in the participle form, using "san".
F.E.: ipen nitinsi won ipen san rukan onwaka (A fish needs to swim in water)
Compounds[]
Nouns and verbs can be compounded by simply putting both together, ABC is (A*B)*C and ABCD is ((A*B)*C)*D
FE: ajen eran (eye epoch) -> ajen eran "history, time machine..."
FE: ajen aparun (eye dialog) -> to tell a story/text
if its necesary to put a "*" anywhere, "un" is used, so "AB un CD" (A*B)*(C*D)
For style reasons, a hyphen can be used as "un", althought is still seaded as "un" when necesary
Descriptors[]
All descriptors come from nouns, putting "on", beetween the root and the "complementeer", F.E.: jero on entera (land of color yellow), kena on kopen (new goverment)
Sentence Structure[]
Simpa has a really strict SVO word order and a set of some rules
- Simple subjects are 1 word long and there are fine, but if the subject isnt complex, a is used to separate the Subject from the Verb.
- If the sentence is negative, non is placed before the verb. noko ajen won kenta (I see you) -> noko non ajen won kenta (I not see you, I can't see you).
- Interrogative sentences are exactly like afirmative or negative sentences, but after the sentence, "ata" is used. kenta ajen won noko ata? (You see me?/ Can you see me?).
- Answers use also ata for afirmative answer and non ata for negative ones, "(non) ata rowo" can be used for: I (don't) know.
Gramatical Particles[]
ata: interrogative particle, answer particle
in: and, conjuntion
jan: future time, later
non: negation particle
on: modifier particle
ren: past time, ago
san: participle
un: compound partticle
won: present time, now
Plural[]
The plural normally is expressed with nanpi if it is many or a pronoun if it's a subject or an object, a third form to indicate a plural, slighly paucal is using the particle "n". Example ipen n, "some fishes/fishes"
Number system[]
Integers[]
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | nante | iwan | tuwon | suro | teran |
5 | penta | penta iwan | penta tuwon | penta suro | penta teran |
10 | teka | teka iwan | teka tuwon | teka suro | teka teran |
15 | teka penta | teka penta iwan | teka penta tuwon | teka penta suro | teka penta teran |
20 | tuwon teka | tuwon teka iwan | tuwon teka tuwon | tuwon teka suro | tuwon teka teran |
25 | tuwon teka penta | tuwon teka penta iwan | tuwon teka penta tuwon | tuwon teka penta suro | tuwon teka penta teran |
30 | suro teka | suro teka iwan | suro teka tuwon | suro teka suro | suro teka teran |
35 | suro teka penta | suro teka penta iwan | suro teka penta tuwon | suro teka penta suro | suro teka penta teran |
40 | teran teka | teran teka iwan | teran teka tuwon | teran teka suro | teran teka teran |
45 | teran teka penta | teran teka penta iwan | teran teka penta tuwon | teran teka penta suro | teran teka penta teran |
"insenta" adds 50 and "enta" adds 100, The structure "N enta" adds N*100, 1000: teka enta, "nenka" makes the number negative, so nenka penta is (-5).
Numbers bigger than 10,000 (ten thousand) you have to say the excess digits as is own number. E: 23456789 is 2345 6789.
Racionals[]
There are two structrures to create racional numbers:
Fractionals / Mixted numbers[]
Using the word "pate", it creates the reciprocal of the number, F.E.: 1/2 is tuwon pate.
If you put an integer next to this construction, the reciprocal is multiplied by that integer, F.E.: 3/4 is (1/4)*3, so it's "teran pate suro"
To put mixed numbers, put the integer, and "in", that means and, to link both together. F.E.: 3 1/8 is 3+(1/8), so it's "suro in penta suro pate", and 2 4/5 (two and four fifths) is 2+(1/5)*4, so it's "tuwon in penta pate penta"
Coma / Decimals[]
Using the word "kopo", we separate the integer part from the decimal part, F.E.: 1.5 is "iwan kopo penta"
"kopo" alone can stand for zero. F.E.: 0.5 can be nante kopo penta, but normally is "kopo penta", like .5 (point five)
For small decimal parts, treating them as numbers is fine, but for larger ones, it sometimes divided into 2-digit parts that are said consecutively. F.E.: 3.141592 often is spitted like "teka teran, teka penta, insenta teka tera tuwon", which translates to "fourteen, fifteen, ninety-two"
For repeating units "nuru" its puted after the repeating part, F.E.: so 1/3=0.3..., "kopo suro nuru", like point three repeating, and 1/6=0.1-6..., so "kopo iwan, penta iwan nuru", like point one, six repeating.
Time and Date system[]
Hours[]
12h | 6 AM | 8 AM | 10 AM | 12 AM | 2 PM | 4 PM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24h | 06:00 | 08:00 | 10:00 | 12:00 | 14:00 | 16:00 |
6 2h | nante soro | iwan soro | tuwon soro | suro soro | teran soro | penta soro |
12h | 6 PM | 8 PM | 10 PM | 12 PM | 2 AM | 4 AP |
24h | 18:00 | 20:00 | 22:00 | 00:00 | 02:00 | 04:00 |
6 2h | nante runa | iwan runa | tuwon runa | suro runa | teran runa | penta runa |
The day begins at 6h, and it's composed in 12 double hours, divided in 2, 6 double hours, "suno" and "runa" or S and R.
To divide it into normal hours, use ipesi for initial hours and utara for finaler hours. So 21h is iwan runa utara and 14h is teran soro ipesi
Days, Months & Years[]
Basic Structure:
[0-28/29/30/31] entei, [1-12] raninson, [Number] anjo.
The order is Day/Month/Year
If the year number is negative, it's treated as Before Christ's year.
For example: 30/7/2021 8:57:
"suro teka entei, penta tuwon raninson, tuwon teka enta tuwon teka iwan anjo, iwan soro utara nenka suro ninuto" shortened sometimes to: "suro teka, penta tuwon, tuwon teka iwan, iwan soro utara"
Minutes & Seconds[]
Minutes are expresed using ninuto after a number.
For example: "noko ninuto ren tuwon teka ninuto", I've been waiting for 20 minutes (If the waiting has alredy stopped).
"noko ninuto won tuwon teka ninuto", I'm (still) waiting for 20 minutes (If the waiting hasn't stopped still).
"noko ninuto jan tuwon teka ninuto", I will (have to) wait for 20 minutes (If the waiting is now starting).
To express seconds, "sekuto" is used, F.E.: "enta tuwon-teka rowo san tuwon ninuto"
Kinship / Family system[]
Masculine | Both | Femenine | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-1 | panra | parenton | nanra | |||||
0 | erono | (noko) | nopina | nonpon | eron | nopino | (noko) | erona |
+1 | iro | iron | ira |
To say other family members, just compound them in the order of moves that you need to make in the family tree
Both is used as a plural for both and as a gender neutral word. Also you can use the neutral words while creating the
Also there is a distintion beetween blood and mary relationships (nopina/nopino/nonpon vs erono/erona/eron)
If there is a word N times, replaces those words with the number + the word. Paternal grandfather: tuwon-panra
To make family words for the husband/wife family, "nopina/nopino" is used firstly and the rest are created as if "nopina/nopino" was "noko". mother-in-law: "nopina-nanra" / "nopino-nanra" / "nonpon-nanra" (LIT: wife's mother, husband's mother, married's mother).
cousins: parenton-eron-iron.
nieces: eron-iron.
The honorifics can be used if you met a family member, first time (jeron / jenan / jewen)
Vocabulary[]
A[]
ajen: eye, to look
ajese: Ice, to cool
anjena: animal
anjo: year
aparun: dialogue, word, to tell
ata: sure?, interogative particle
E[]
eran: epoch, time interval
eron: siblings
erona: sister
erono: brother
enta: 100
entei: day
entera: earth, land, to land
entaje: empty. minimum, last, to empty.
epen: Event/Holiday, to organize an event/party
eranto: plant, to grow
esato: State, to be
I[]
ika: squid, to splat, to spill
insenta: 50
ira: daughter
iro: son
iron: offsprings
ipen: fish, to swim
ipesi: reciever, to catch / recieve
iwan: one
J[]
jawon: house, building
jero: yellow
jeron: Sir
jenan: Madame
jewen: Honorific for non gender binary people
K[]
kaka: female
kapenru: Hammer, to smash
karon: Hot, to heat
kena: extra, new, to innovate
kenta: you (singular)
kentan: you (plural)
kopo: coma
kopen: goverment, politics, to democratize
kurin: green
N[]
nanra: mother
nante: zero
nanpi: many, to overwhelm
nenka: negative
nensa: dream, to dream
ninuto: minute, to wait
nitinsi: needs, to need
niren: middle, to be in the middle
noko: I
nokon: We (clusive)
nokono: We (Exclusive)
nonpon: married person, to marry.
nopoten: monster, fear, -phobia, to scare
noro: gothic, obscure
nuru: again
O[]
oranke: orange
osu: Rythym, beat, to feel the beat
onranru: Online, Internet, to connect to the Internet
onta: food, to eat
onwaka: water, to revolve/spin.
P[]
panra: father
paranta: blood, to bleed or have injuries
parento: parents
pate: part, to split
pagon: bag, container, to store
penta: five
pisun: full, maximum, to fill
poron: felines, foxes, to sneak
purun: dark blue
R[]
raninson: month
rente: red
rinsa: he, she, it, they (singular)
rinsan: they (plural)
ron: Rock, to roll
roro: male
rowo: knowing, to know
rukan: Site, location, to go
runa: Moon, to obscure
S[]
sarepi: weird, to freak out
sete: head, to control
sekuto: second
sero: ligth blue
soro: Sun, to shine
suro: three
T[]
tajeni: small, to shrink
teka: ten
teran: four
tonko: dog
turu: tool, to use a tool
tuwon: two
U[]
urira: Purple
usaron: Person, to meet
urenpo: Time, to tell time
usun: usable, use, to use
utara: transmitor, to launch / transmit
W[]
wajen: Cute, to be cute
wajon: White
wenen: Black
winsa: Ancient, to rediscover
woran: scary, to be scary