Solar is an auxiliary language created by Zer Cio Mis. It is mostly based on Proto-Indo-European with traces of other proto-languages. Solar is used as the trade language of humans, and is often used alongside a place's main language in signs, menus or information centers.
| Solar Din Sol-os | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Analytic | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Nominative-Accusative | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Variable | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| No | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| No | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Occlusive | lax | b | d | d͡z | g |
| tense | p(h) | t(h) | t͡s(h) | k(h) | |
| Fricative | s | h | |||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||
| Tap | ɾ | ||||
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a | |
Phonotactics[]
The phonotactics are really strict and allow only a few types of syllables. There are a few basic rules.
- Any consonant except for /l/ may serve as onset. The onset might as well be absent.
- Any vowel can serve as the nucleus of a syllable.
- All vowels save for /i/ and /u/ may be followed by /i~j/ or /u~w/, /i/ and /u/ can be followed by /e/ or /o/ instead.
- All vowels that are not followed by /j/ or /w/ may be followed by /l/, /n/ or /s/.
| a | e | i | o | u | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -- | a | e | i | o | u |
| -i | ai | ei | ie | oi | ue |
| -u | au | eu | io | ou | uo |
| -l | al | el | il | ol | ul |
| -n | an | en | in | on | un |
| -s | as | es | is | os | us |
Allophonic variation[]
- Voiced occlusives /b, d, d͡z, g/ may lenite to voiced fricatives [β, ð, z, ɣ] intervocally.
- Voiceless obstruents might be aspirated.
- /h/ can be realized as [f~ɸ] before /u~w/, and [ç] before /i~j/.
- Sibilants /s, t͡s, d͡z/ may palatalize to [ɕ, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ] or [ʃ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ] before /i~j/.
- Nasal assimilation occurs whenever a syllable ends in /n/ and another starts in any consonant other than an alveolar one. It might turn into [m] before p, b or m, [ɲ] before /i~j/ and [ŋ] before k, g.
- The /ɾ/ may be realized as any rhotic, including but not limited to /r, ʁ, ɹ, ʀ, ɻ, ɺ, ɽ/.
Orthography[]
/t͡s/ and /d͡z/ are represented by <c> and <z>, respectively. /ɾ/ is represented by <r>. All other phonemes are spelled via their IPA equivalents.
| Letter | a | b | c | d | e | g | h | i | j | k | l |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | a | b | t͡s(h) | d | e | g | h | i~j | k(h) | l | |
| Letter | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | u | w | z | |
| Sound | m | n | o | p(h) | ɾ | s | t(h) | u~w | d͡z | ||
Morphology[]
Solar makes use of particles to convey syntactical meaning. Any part of speech is either a noun, an adjective, a verb, a pronoun or a particle.
Most particles follow their head, except for the negation particle and the future tense particle, which preceed it instead.
Syntax[]
Adjectives usually come before the noun, and the most common word order is SOV. That being said, however, the word order can techincally be SVO as well, because particles indicating subject and object allow for free word order.
Vocabulary[]
SOLAR SYSTEM NAMES[]
|
sis sol os = solar system sol (ri) = sun (Earth's sun) meu = Mercury wen = Venus zen = Earth -mon (jue) = moon (Earth's moon) mas = Mars *ces = Ceres jus = Jupiter -io, jul, gan, kal san = Saturn -mis, nes, cis, dio, rei, tan, jas wan = Uranus -mie, al, ul, tin, beu nun = Neptune -ton *puo = Pluto *-hon *hau = Haumea *mau = Makemake *ris = Eris |
|---|
PRONOUNS[]
|
me = 1SG te = 2SG es = 3SG ne = 1PL.INCL we = 1PL.EXCL je = 2PL en = 3PL |
|---|
PARTICLES AND ADPOSITIONS[]
|
non = not ka = and wa = or os = of en = in ei = to ha = with as = from un = object marker us = subject marker bau = topic marker |
|---|
NUMBERS[]
|
nul = zero joi = one duo = two tei = three kue = four pen = five ses = six sen = seven wos = eight neu = nine des = ten can = hundred mil = thousand |
|---|
VERBS[]
|
bu = future tense ul = past imperfective cul = past perfective hes = COP (to be) gau = to have weu = to say bal = to speak zan = to know hai = to go hue = to move, carry men = to think sau = to see reu = to want huo = to use sel = to hear pai = to trade hie = to eat sun = to sleep peu = to drink |
|---|
ADJECTIVES[]
|
rie = small mei = big, large pau = distant ron = long nou = new jun = young cen = old has = sharp mel = middle ban = warm gel = cold |
|---|
BASIC NOUNS[]
|
wol = water hun = earth jan = fire wen = air dou = wood hal = metal jel = plant pas = animal gos = alien tan = space wei = inhabited point nau = spaceship kol = planet tal = star nen = name wil = male zin = female kas = money wel = vehicle |
|---|
PERIODIC TABLE[]
|
hil = hydrogen hel = helium kal = carbon nil = nitrogen kos = oxygen gon = argon sil = silicium heu = iron kul = copper hos = gold |
|---|
Example text[]
Ne-us zon-ju-un kol zen-as hes. Ne-us pai je-ha reu.
"We are Humans from the planet Earth. We want to trade with you."
Miscellaneous[]
