Strennic

Orthography

Alphabet

The Strennic Alphabet is a version of the Latin Alphabet, modified with the addition of the accented letters á, é, í, ó and ú, the other letters with diacritics 'ọ' (o with dot below) and 'ŭ' (u with breve), as well as five digraphs ch, lh, ny, sh and zh, which are all treated as individual letters in their own right.

Letter	IPA Pronunciation	Equivalents in English	Notes
a	/a/	similar to car
á	/aː/	like 'a' but pronounced slightly longer
b	/b/	because
c	/ts/	mats
ch	/tʃ/	cheek
d	/d/	day
e	/ɛ/	get
é	/e/	hey
f	/f/	foot
g	/g/	give
h	/h/	hello	The character <h> is also used in the letters <ch>, <lh>, <sh> and <zh>.
i	/i/	beat
í	/iː/	like 'i' but longer
j	/j/	yellow
k	/k/	car
l	/l/	little
lh	/ɬ/	like the sound represented in Welsh by <ll>.
m	/m/	moat
n	/n/	nice
ny	/ɲ/	similar to onion
o	/ɒ/	bomb
ó	/ɔ/	raw
ọ	/ɞ/	like bird but rounded
p	/p/	pit
q	/x/	loch
r	/ɾ/	a tapped 'r'
s	/s/	stop
sh	/ʃ/	shop
t	/t/	bit
u	/ʊ/	foot
ú	/u/	loon
ŭ	/ʊ̯/	bow	represents non-syllabic 'u' in dipthongs
v	/v/	very
z	/z/	zebra
zh	/ʒ/	vision

Basic Grammar

Nouns

Case

Strennic nouns come in nine cases: the Nominative, Dative, Genitive, Accusative, Adessive, Apudessive, Inessive, Benefactive and Comitative. These cases all come in a singular and plural varieties.

Case	Singular Suffix	Plural Suffix	Example
Nominative	-	-	va mazan/vea mazanek (the house(s))
Dative	-nye	-nyea	va mazannye/vea mazannyea (to the house(s))
Genitive	-ushe	-ushea	va mazanushe/vea mazanushea (the house's/the houses')
Accusative	-í	-ich	va mazaní/vea mazanich
Adessive	-ashlhe	-ashlhuqe	va mazanashlhe/vea mazanashlhuqe (near the house/houses)
Apudessive	-ézeŭ	-ézeva	va mazanézeŭ/vea mazanézeva (next to the house/houses)
Inessive	-sheb	-shebv	va mazansheb/vea mazanshebv (in the house/houses)
Benefactive	-pugv	-pugvulí	va mazanpugv/vea mazanpugvulí (for the house(s))
Comitative	-shtú	-shtea	va mazanshtú/vea mazanshtea (with the house(s))

Number

All nouns in Strennic come in a singular and plural. With Nominative Nouns the plural is formed regularly by adding the suffix -n or -en, depending on whether the noun ends in a vowel or a consonant. Otherwise, each different noun case has it's own unique singular and plural suffix.

Articles

Articles are (as in English) placed as a preposition before a noun. The indefinate articlue (english: a/an) is represented by sutv, and is only found before singular nouns. The definate article (english "the") is represented by va before singular nouns and vea before plural nouns.

Example	Meaning
uvushtí	flower
uvushtin	flowers
sutv uvushtí	a flower
va uvushtí	the flower
vea uvushtin	the flowers

Adjectives

Adjectives come in several forms, using suffixes to indicate varying degrees of intensity. The following table shows these suffixes using the adjective kovoŭde meaning "cold".

Suffix	Result	Meaning
-	kovoŭde	cold
-lha	kovoŭdelha	colder
-lhakea	kovoŭdelhakea	coldest
-duqul	kovoŭdeduqul	very cold
-mnezhe	kovoŭdemnezhe	(is) not cold

Adjectives can be made into verbs by adding the suffix "-goroŭ". For example "nyéván" meaning "question" can be altered to nyévángoroŭ "to question".

For example:

• Stul ak kovoŭdemnezhe - That isn't cold
• Va klhematí ak kovoŭdegoroŭ uchí - The weather is making me cold

Verbs

Tenses

Strennic verbs come in five tenses: the Past, Past Participle, Present, Present Participle and Future. Take the word ómne meaning "to go":

Tense	Suffix	Result	Meaning
-	-	ómne	to go
Past	-dn	ómnedn	went
Past Participle	-aneb	ómneaneb	have gone
Present	-pr	ómnepr	go
Present Participle	-unyúd	ómneunyúd	am going
Future	-pé	ómnepé	will go

Agent

If the agent of a verb can be represented by a personal pronoun, then the agent is represented in the verb word itself, for example Ómneprnr means "I go". However otherwise the agent of the verb is placed before the verb, as in english. For example Sam ómnepr "Sam goes" and Va sulunzhlé omnepr means "The woman goes".

A list of the agent suffixes is as follows:

	Singular	Plural
First Person	-nr	-nrea
Second Person	-vọn	-vọnek
Third Person	-qr	-qroŭ

So for example ómnedn which means "went" becomes ómnednqr means "it went".

Patient

The patient is placed after the verb. For example the verb gvursht means "to like", becomes gvurshtnr "I like", which becomes gvurshtnr ví "I like you".

Example Text

Swadesh List for Strennic