Susjin

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Progress 69%
	Stats Nouns 69% Verbs 79% Adjectives 79% Syntax 58% Words 62 of 1500

Name: Susjin Type: Analytic Alignment: Nominative-Accusative Head Direction: Mixed Number of genders: 1 Declensions: No Conjugations: No Nouns declined according to Case Number Definitiveness Gender Verbs conjugated according to Voice Mood Person Number Tense Aspect

Susjin is a mostly-isolating analytic language. The name is a shortened perversion of the original official name, Su Sjin ta Djuan du Raum, which translates into English as The United Language of Earth. For a full lexicon, view the article "Susjin Lexicon."

Setting

Susjulin is spoken by the populace of the Terran Federation in the year 2317. The Terran Federation is the federal government of the planet Earth. It evolved from the United Nations until it was the higher government of every nation on the planet. When the language was first created, it was instated as the lingua franca of politics. Soon it was adopted as the lingua franca of business, as well. As the language grew in usage, many languages instated laws which forbid its use in certain contexts so as to preserve their native languages. However, because the majority of the planet's economies had become capitalist, the language of business became the most important, and soon all inhabitants of Earth were fluent. Within a century, the laws which had secured the life of the natural languages were relaxed, and the native languages of the world's nations became extinct. The name of the language, Susjin, is a shortened perversion of its original, official name, Su Sjin ta Djuan du Raum, which translates into English as The United Language of Earth.

Phonology

The International Phonetic Alphabet Chart for the Consonantal Phonemes

Place of Articulation →	Liabial		Coronal				Dorsal				Radical
Manner of Articulation ↓	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular		Pharyngeal		Epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m (m)		n (n)					ŋ (ň)
Plosive	p (p) b (b)		t (t) d (d)					k (k) g (g)
Frictive		f (f) v (v)	θ (ŧ) ð (đ)	s (s) z (z)	ʃ (š) ʒ (ž)		ç (h)	x (x) ɣ (q)							h (h)
Approximant			ɹ (r)				j (j)
Trill
Tap or Flap
Lateral Frictive
Lateral Approximant			l (l)
Lateral Flap

The letter [h] is used to represent three phonemes, depending on its preceding vowel. If it follows /i/, /e/, or /ɛ/, it is pronounced as /ç/. If it follows /a/, it is pronounced as /ħ̞/. If it follows /u/, it is pronounced as /ʍ/.

International Phonetic Alphabet Chart for Susjulin Vowels

	Front	Near-Front	Central	Near-Back	Back
Close	i (i)				u (u)
Near-Close
Close-Mid	e (i)				o (u)
Mid
Open-Mid	ɛ (i)
Near-Open
Open			ä (a)

There are only three written vowels, [i], [a], and [u], but they correspond to five different phonemes. [i] is normally pronounced /i/, but is pronounced /ɛ/ after a palatalized consonant, except at the end of a word when it is pronounced /e/. [u] is normally pronounced /u/, but is pronounced /o/ after a labialized consonant.

Two vowels can be legally placed proximally. If they are identical, this creates a geminated vowel unless it follows palatalization (in which case a double [ii] is pronounced as the diphthong /ei/) or labialization (in which case the double [uu] is pronounced as the diphthong /ou/). If they are not identical, this creates a diphthong. All Susjulin diphthongs are falling, including the opening diphthongs.

Because the Susjulin orthography is a semi-syllabary, sounds are organized into onsets and rimes. Every syllable consists of both an onset and a rime.

Susjulin Onsets

IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription
p	p	pr	pr	tx	tx	ʃr	šr
f	f	pʃ	pš	θp	ŧp	ʃk	šk
t	t	px	px	θt	ŧt	kf	kf
θ	ŧ	fp	fp	θl	ŧl	kθ	kŧ
s	s	ft	ft	θr	ŧr	ks	ks
l	l	fl	fl	θk	ŧk	kl	kl
r	r	fr	fr	sp	sp	kr	kr
ʃ	š	fk	fk	st	st	kʃ	kš
k	k	tf	tf	sl	sl	kx	kx
x	x	tθ	tŧ	sr	sr	xp	xp
pf	pf	ts	ts	sk	sk	xt	xt
pθ	pŧ	tl	tl	ʃp	šp	xl	xl
ps	ps	tr	tr	ʃt	št	xr	xr
pl	pl	tʃ	tš	ʃl	šl	xk	xk

There is additionally a null-onset, not shown in Latin transcription, which shows that the syllable begins with a vowel. Each onset can be palatalized or labialized, which adds a [j] or [w] respectively to the end of the onset (this includes the null-onset, which causes the syllable to begin with the [j] or [w]). Each (except for [l] and [r]) can also receive a diacritic which marks that a consonant or consonant cluster is voiced.

Susjulin Rimes

IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription	IPA	Latin Transcription
i/e/ɛ	i	im/ɛm	im	in/ɛn	in	iŋ/ɛŋ	iň	iç/ɛç	ih
i:/ei	ii	i:m/eim	iim	i:n/ein	iin	i:ŋ/eiŋ	iiň	i:ç/eiç	iih
ia/ea	ia	iam/eam	iam	ian/ean	ian	iaŋ/eaŋ	iaň	iaħ̞	iah
iu/eu	iu	ium/eum	ium	iun/eun	iun	iuŋ/euŋ	iuň	iuʍ	iuh
a	a	am	am	an	an	aŋ	aň	aħ̞	ah
a:	aa	a:m	aam	a:n	aan	a:ŋ	aaň	a:ħ̞	aah
ai	ai	aim	aim	ain	ain	aiŋ	aiň	aiç	aih
au	au	aum	aum	aun	aun	auŋ	auň	auʍ	auh
u/o	u	um/om	um	un/on	un	uŋ/oŋ	uň	uʍ/oʍ	uh
u:/ou	uu	u:m/oum	uum	u:n/oun	uun	u:ŋ/ouŋ	uuň	u:ʍ/ouʍ	uuh
ui/oi	ui	uim/oim	uim	uin/oin	uin	uiŋ/oiŋ	uiň	uiç/oiç	uih
ua/oa	ua	uam/oam	uam	uan/oan	uan	uaŋ/oaŋ	uaň	uaħ̞/oaħ̞	uah

The first syllable in a word always receives primary stress. Secondary stress falls on odd syllables, unless there is a geminated syllable. Geminated syllables receive secondary stress, unstressing the previous syllable if it is not geminated as well and would otherwise receive secondary stress.

Phonotactics

P = any plosive

F = any frictive

L = any liquid

S = any semivowel (shown by palatalization/labialization diacritic)

N = any nasal

V = any vowel

Onset = O = P+(F)+(S) / P+(L)+(S) / F+(P)+(S) / F+(L)+(S) / L+(S)

Rime = R = V+(V)+(N) / V+(V)+(h)

Syllable: O+R

The final syllable of any morpheme (other than some articles, determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, and other particles) will always end with a nasal or [h]. Therefore, all morphemes in a word (i.e. after derivation or compounding) will be separated by a nasal or [h].

Orthography

The Susjulin orthography is a semi-syllabary. This means that sounds are organized into onsets and rimes, both of which are used in every syllable in the language. When a word begins with a vowel, a null-onset grapheme is used. There are 57 onset graphemes which show all possible consonant and consonant cluster sounds. Up to two diacritics can be added to each onset, one to show palatalization or labialization, and the other to show voicing (except the graphemes for [l], [r], and the null-onset, which can not receive the voicing diacritic). There are 60 rimes, corresponding to the three vowels, their geminates, and the six diphthongs with the five possible codas, [m], [n], [ň], [h], and a null coda.

Grammar

Susjulin is completely analytical. This means that nouns are not declined and verbs are not conjugated. Instead, they are marked by the presence of particles.

Each part of speech is marked by specific endings.

Verb: -am/-an/-aň

Noun/Pronoun: -im/-in/-um/-un

Adjective/Adverb: -iň/-uň

Derivational Affixes: -ih/-ah/-uh

All else (articles, determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, particles): -ih/-ah/-uh/-i/-a/-u

Verbs

Verbs are not conjugated. Instead, they are preceded by modifying particles.

Tense/Mood

Tense/Mood	Particle
Present/Indicative	sa
Present/Conditional	sah
Present/Imperative	sja
Past/Indicative	tu
Past/Conditional	tuh
Future/Indicative	li
Future/Conditional	lih

Voice/Aspect

Voice/Aspect	Particle
Active/Imperfect	ka
Active/Perfect	kah
Active/Progressive	kwa
Passive/Imperfect	vu
Passive/Perfect	vuh
Passive/Progressive	vju
Middle/Imperfect	gži
Middle/Perfect	gžih
Middle/Progressive	gžwi

Participles

Participle	Particle	Example
Present/Active	ska	carrying
Present/Passive	zbu	being carried
Present/Middle	zgi	carrying
Past/Active	tsa	having carried
Past/Passive	dvu	having been carried
Past/Middle	dži	having carried
Present/Adjectival	ku	carrying
Past/Adjectival	ta	carried
Gerundive	uih	carrying

Pro-Verbs

Pro-verbs act on verbs in the same way that pronouns act on nouns.

Pro-Verb	Description
žgjam	"do," "do it," "can," "to," or any other pro-verb in English

Nouns

Nouns are preceded by articles. These show that a noun is definite, indefinite, partitive, or negative. These articles are always used, and are not changed by number or case.

Article	Particle	English Example
Definite	su	I want the steak.
Indefinite	lu	I want a steak.
Partitive	ru	I want (some) steak
Negative	fu	I want no steak.

Nouns are not declined. Instead, they are preceded and/or followed by modifying particles.

Case

Grammatical case is shown by the presence of a preceding particle.

Case	Particle
Nominative
Accusative	da
Dative	di
Genitive	du
Instrumental	xu
Benefactive	bi
Causal	lwuh
Comitative	ŧwah
Privative	twih
Illative	džji
Inessive	džja
Elative	džju
Allative	kšji
Adessive	kšja
Ablative	kšju
Translative	bvji
Essive	bvja
Exessive	bvju
Temporal	raih

Number

Grammatical number is shown by the presence of a following particle.

Number	Particle
Singular
Dual	ljah
Paucal	fjah
Plural	va

Pronouns

Pronouns are treated in the exact same way as nouns.

Personal Pronouns

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1st (Inclusive)	kin	šjin	kšin
1st (Exclusive)		žjin	gžin
2nd	tin	sjin	tsin
3rd (human)	pin	fjin	pfin
3rd (non-human)	bin	vjin	bvin

Reciprocal Pronouns

Pronoun	Description
qwim	"each other" or "one another"

Reflexive Pronouns

Pronoun	Description
pljum	"himself," "myself," or any other reflexive pronoun in English

Demonstrative Pronouns

	Pronoun	Description
Proximal	xain	"this (near me)"
Medial	đjain	"that (near you)"
Distal	pfain	"that (away from both of us)"

Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs use the exact same word. The meaning is derived based on its location in the sentence. If it immediately follows a noun, it is an adjective, if it immediately follows a verb, it is an adverb.

Adjectives and adverbs can be modified by a preceding particle to show comparativity.

Comparativity	Particle
Positive
Comparative	pih
Superlative	žjuh

Sample Translation

Narrative Translation

Schleicher's Fable

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Schleicher's Fable by August Schleicher

Laimgjuň du Šlaixjirim lwuh Augustum Šlaixjirim

English: On a hill, a sheep that had no wool saw horses, one of them pulling a heavy wagon, one carrying a big load, and one carrying a man quickly. The sheep said to the horses: "My heart pains me, seeing a man driving horses". The horses said: "Listen, sheep, our hearts pain us when we see this: a man, the master, makes the wool of the sheep into a warm garment for himself. And the sheep has no wool". Having heard this, the sheep fled into the plain.

Susjulin: Kšja lu twum, lu xwin twih žaim tu plam da lu kwuim fjah,

The North Wind and the Sun

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It will be done soon.

The North Wind and the Sun by Aesop

English: The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak. They agreed that the one who first succeeded in making the traveler take his cloak off should be considered stronger than the other. Then the North Wind blew as hard as he could, but the more he blew the more closely did the traveler fold his cloak around him; and at last the North Wind gave up the attempt. Then the Sun shined out warmly, and immediately the traveler took off his cloak. And so the North Wind was obliged to confess that the Sun was the stronger of the two.

Susjulin: