Sveg

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Progress 92%
	Stats Nouns 100% Verbs 100% Adjectives 100% Syntax 87% Words 42 of 1500

Sveg Svigeg
Type
Fusional
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
Yes
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case	Number
Definiteness	Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice	Mood
Person	Number
Tense	Aspect

Sveg is a descendant language of Exgotian Natraden and adopts several grammar rules from Natraden. The pronunciation has change and is the first Natrodian language not to naturally use the tapped R. It is also the first Natrodian language to not use the full Latin alphabet excluding loanwords and it is also the Natrodian language with the most digraphs. Finally, it is the only Natrodian language not to decline nouns to case.

Pronunciation

The pronunciation can vary quite a bit, especially in the digraph category.

Single Letters

Sveg	International Phonetic Alphabet
A	ɑ
Æ	ɛ
Å	ɔ
B	b / b̥
(C)	Depends on loanword
D	d / d̥
E	ɛ
Ë	ɛ
F	f
G	g / g̊
H	h
I	i
J	j
K	k
L	ʟ / l
M	m
N	n
O	ɒ
Œ	ɶ
P	p(ʰ)
(Q)	Depends on loanword
R	ʁ
S	s
T	t
U	u
Ů	ʌ
V	ʋ / v
(W)	v / w (Depends on loanword)
X	ks
Y	y
(Z)	Depends on loanword

Digraphs

Digraph	International Phonetic Alphabet
AG	ɛj
ÆG	e
EG	o
IG	j / i
NG	ŋ
OG	ɨ
ŒG	ø
UG	ʉ
DJ	d͡ʒ
EJ	aj
SJ	ʃ / ɕ
NK	ŋk
AR	ɑ:
ÆR	eɐ̯
ÅR	ɔɐ̯
ER	ɐ
	ʁ (before vowel)
IR	ɛɐ̯
OR	ɒɐ̯
ŒR	œɐ̯
YR	yɐ̯
ET	eˑ
ŒT	œ
UT	ʏ
ŮT	ɯ

Phonetic Rules

1. G is silent unless in the word-initial position
2. T is silent at the end of a word
   1. TT overrides this
3. Æ can only appear in the first syllable
4. Words cannot end in a vowel that isn't E or Ë
5. E is pronounced /e/ in the first syllable
   1. Æ is used in the same position for the sound /ɛ/
   2. /ə/ at the end of a word
      1. Ë can only be placed at the end of a word to prevent the schwa.
         1. Belige /'b̥ɛljə/ means Belgium
         2. beligë /'b̥ɛljɛ/ means  Joy
      2. Es are also pronounced as a schwa in the syllable after the one with stress (see the second example on rule 7.4 below)
         1. In the same position, A would be pronounced /a/ and I would be pronounced /ɪ/
6. Double consonants are lenthened:
   1. LL /l:/
   2. TT /t:/
      1. A the end of a word. this is pronounced /t͡ʔ/
   3. Double voiced stops cannot occur
   4. The elongation isn't needed at the end of a word
   5. Can only appear once in a root word.
   6. Es in the same syllable as a double letter are pronounced /ɛ/
      1. Overrides rule 5.0
      2. Likewise, A is pronounced /a/ and I is pronounced /ɪ/ when in the same syllable
7. Stress is semi-important: it does not affect the definition of words but contributes to how well you speak the language..
   1. Stressing more than once in a word will make you sound awkward
   2. Pronouns are always stressed
   3. Verbs are never stressed and often blend in with the subject and/or
      1. Jeg er: I am /'jo ɐ/
         1. Overrides rule 12
      2. Infinitives, gerundsand participles can be stressed
   4. The first syllable is mostly stressed unless a double consonant exists in the word where the syllable before the double consonant is stressed.
      1. krystell /kʁysˈtɛl(:)/ Crystal
      2. Krystel /ˈkʁystəl/ Christ
8. Only proper nouns and words beginning a sentence are capitalised unlike other Natrodian languages, which capitalise all (pro)nouns.
9. /ɐ̯/ becomes /:/ if the next sound is a vowel
   1. ​ir er /ˈɛ: ɐ/ he is
   2. boren /ˈb̥ɒ:ən/
10. There can only be one vowel letter in a syllable
11. There cannot be two vowel letters in a row in the same word
    1. This is one of the reasons why G is silent.
12. Similar vowel sounds that run into each other are separated with a glottal stop.
    1. låg eg /lɔʔo/ let them

Word Order

The word order is taken from Exgotian Natraden:

1. Subject
2. (Auxiliary) Verb
3. Indirect Object
4. Adverb
5. Object
6. Preposition
7. Locative Object
8. Other Information
9. Participle
10. Verb [when auxiliary verb is used]

The word order is strict unless rules specify otherwise. Inversion can also occur.

Verb Conjugation

Verb conjugation applies to the mood and tense (and aspect; continuous is merged with simple) and be and have are the only irregular verbs. All infinitive verbs must end in EN.

To Be

Tense, Mood and Aspect	Conjugated Form or Auxiliary Verb	Participle and/or infinitive if necessary
Infinitive	ogen
Imperative	oger
Gerund	ogn
Present Simple	er
Present Perfect	her	ogte
Past Simple	egle
Past Perfect	hal	ogte
Simple Future	veger	ogen
Simple Conditional	vegle	ogen
Future Perfect	veger	ogte haren
Conditional Perfect	vegle	ogte haren

To Have

Tense, Mood and Aspect	Conjugated Form or Auxiliary Verb	Participle and/or infinitive if necessary
Infinitive	haren
Imperative	hær
Gerund	harn
Present Simple	her
Present Perfect	her	hæfte
Past Simple	hal
Past Perfect	hal	hæfte
Simple Future	veger	haren
Simple Conditional	vegle	haren
Future Perfect	veger	hæfte haren
Conditional Perfect	vegle	hæfte haren

Normal Conjugation

The example: to like

Tense, Mood and Aspect	Conjugated Form or Auxiliary Verb	Participle and/or infinitive if necessary
Infinitive	logen
Imperative	log
Gerund	logn
Present Simple	loger
Present Perfect	her	logte
Past Simple	logle
Past Perfect	hal	logte
Simple Future	veger	logen
Simple Conditional	vegle	logen
Future Perfect	veger	logte haren
Conditional Perfect	vegle	logte haren

Doers

To make a verbinto a noun, you conjugate it with ere or era depending on the gender.

lagen - to love

lagere - lover [male/gender unknown or neuter; boyfriend/partner]

lagera - lover [female; girlfriend]

Negation

This is done by adding the particle ůn /ʌn/ before the verb:

jeg er

I am

jeg ůn er

I am not

Reflexive Verbs

These are formed with the same pronouns. There aren't reflexive pronouns like in other Natrodian languages.

jeg loger jeg

I like myself

Loger tog tog?

Do you like yourself?

Passive Verbs

These verbs are formed with the past participle and the auxiliary verb to get: fågen

jeg fåger borte

I am born

jeg veger borte fågen

I will have been born

Imperative Verbs

Imperative verbs are formed by removing the infinitive's en ending. When the subject is omitted, the 2nd person singular pronoun is implied. Otherwise, the subject is required.

Personal Pronouns

Since personal pronouns don't decline to case, they rely on the word order to determine their relation to a verb.

0th	1st		2nd		3rd
-	Sing.	Plural	Sing.	Plural	Sing.			Plural.
					M	F	N
on	jeg	og	tog	vœt	ir	ag	ig	eg
ˈɒn	ˈjo	ˈɨ	ˈtɨ	ˈvœ	ˈɛɐ̯	ˈɛj	ˈi	ˈo

Articles

The articles onlyexist as indefinite and definite. The negative article doesn't exist as verb negation is used instead. Articles decline the cases Nominative, Accusative, Dative and Locative (NOM, ACC, DAT & LOC)

Article	Nominative	Accusative	Dative & Locative
Definite	det	denn	deg
Indefinite	ett	en	ener

Possession

There are two ways to show possession:

Compounding

If the possessor isn't being modified and isn't a pronoun, you can create compound words:

ejskrystell

ice crystal

This can only happen with two words. The two are pronounced separately and the second word loses its stress but maintains the pronunciation as a result of the stress. This means the above is pronounced /ˈajs.kʁystɛl(:)/

Suffixing

If the conditions aren't met for compounding, then the possessor gains the suffix -s, -es if the root word ends in s:

ejses det krystell

the crystal of ice

This is just an example, as you can write det ejskrystell (the ice crystal). In this version, both words keep their stress and this version can have more than two nouns. The above is pronounced /ˈajsəs deˑ kʁysˈtɛl(:)/.

This is the only version that allows pronouns, as possessive adjectives don't exist:

jegs det ejskrystell

my ice crystal

When belonging to a pronoun, the definite article is required.

Adjectives

Adjectives also decline to case, like the articles.

Form	English	Dictionary Form	NOM	ACC	DAT & LOC
Normal	cold	kalt	kalter	kalten	kaltet
	good	leg	leger	legen	leget
	Svegian	svigeg	svigeger	svigegen	svigeget
Comparative	colder	kalter	kalterer	kalteren	kalteret
	better	leger	legerer	legeren	legeret
Superlative	coldest	kaltst	kaltster	kaltsten	kaltstet
	best	legst	legster	legsten	legstet

Adjectival Verbs

To make adjectival verbs, you take the present conjugation and take off the er or the past conjugation.

illumen /ˈil:umɛn/ - to illuminate

illum /ˈil:um/ - illuminating

illumle /ˈil:umlə/ - illuminated

Dictionary Form	NOM	ACC	DAT & LOC
illum	illumer	illumen	illumet
illumle	illumler	illumlen	illumlet

Supines

Supines are formed with the use of commas. Like it's Aunt language Xynder , every clause must be separated with punctuation.

Jeg loger, ogen kalt.

I like(,) to be cold

Interrogation

This is the first Natrodian language not to have a conjugation for interrogation. Sveg inverts the verb and subject's positions. Interrogative adverbs come first in the word order as opposed to the normal adverb position.

Låger tog legs?

Are you letting go?

Adverbs

English	Sveg
What are you letting go?	Vat låger tog legs?
Where are you letting go?	Vor låger tog legs?
When are you letting go?	Vyn låger tog legs?
Who are you letting go?	Vyr låger tog legs?
Why are you letting go?	Vy låger tog legs?
How are you letting go?	Vys låger tog legs?

Numerical System

Numeral	Natraden	Abbreviation [+3]
0	nůl
1	enn
2	tug
3	tere
4	fjåg
5	fen
6	ses
7	syt
8	œt
9	ing
10	tyn
11	el
12	tölv
13	teretyn
14	fjågtyn
15	fentyn
16	sestyn
17	syttyn
18	œttyn
19	ingtyn
20	tuger
21	enntuger
30	terer
40	fjåger
50	fener
60	seser
70	syter
80	œter
90	ingter
100	ett hynter
101	ett hynter lig enn
110	ett hynter lig tyn
113	ett hynter lig teretyn
200	dugter
300	tereter
400	fjågter
500	fenter
600	sester
700	synter
800	œnter
900	ingenter
1,000	tys	1t.
2,000	tug tyser	2t.
3,000	tere tyser	3t.
10,000	tyn tyser	10t.
20,000	duger tyser	20t.
30,000	terer tyser	30t.
100,000	ett hynter tyser	100t.
1 million	ett milligon	1mio.
10 million	tyn milligoner	10mio.
100 million	ett hynter milligoner	100mio.
1 billion	ett milligard	1mia.
1 trillion	ett billigon	1bio.
1 quadrillion	ett billigard	1bia.