Talamäskaski

Talamäskaski is a constructed language, classified by it's creator as a Bant-Talamaskan. It, like its mother language, Middle Ubell, draws influence from Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Galician, Italian, French), Slavic languages (Croatian, Russian, Polish, Czech), K'iche' (a Mayan language), and Finnish.

Writing System

Talamäskaski uses a modified Latin Script.

Orthography

Basics

Vowels

Letter	IPA	sound ex.	Talamäskaski ex.	IPA
a	[a]	father
e	[e]	mate
i	[i]	beet
o	[o]	doe
u	[u]	boot
y	[ʷi]
ä	[æ]	hat
ë	[ɛ]	bet
ï	[ɨ]	bit
ö	[ɔ]	long
ü	[ə]	uh

Consonants

Letter	IPA	Sound ex.	Talamäskaski ex	IPA
b	[b]
d	[d]
f	[f]
g	[g]
h	[x]
j	[j]
k	[k]
l	[l]
m	[m]
n	[n]
p	[p]
q	[t͡ɕ]
r	[r]
s	[s]
t	[t]
w	[v]
z	[z]
dzx	[dʒ]
gx	[ɣ]
sx	[ʂ]
tx	[ð], [θ]
wx	[w]
zx	[ʒ]

Grammar

Talamskaski grammar is the study of the rules governing the use of the Ubell language, a constructed Indo-European language. It is in the composite sub-family of Romano-slavic.

Morphology

Nouns

Number

All Ubell nouns are inflected to show one of three numbers, singular, dual or plural. There are two plurality systems to show the nouns number:

Singular to Plural

Vowel sys:

    Nouns ending with a, a -> e
    Nouns ending with e, e -> ena
    Nouns ending with i, i -> ena
    Nouns ending with o, o -> i
    Nouns ending with u, u -> a

Consonant sys:

    Nouns ending with consonants, +s or +es
    Nouns ending with vowels ä, ë, ï, ö, and ü, +s
    Nouns ending with y, +jes

NB - When a noun ending in /m/ is pluralized, /m/ => /n/

Singular to Dual

Vowel sys:

    Nouns ending with a, a -> owa
    Nouns ending with e, e -> owe
    Nouns ending with i, i -> owi
    Nouns ending with o, o -> ow
    Nouns ending with u, u -> owu
    Nouns ending with y, y -> owy
    Nouns ending with ä, ä -> owä
    Nouns ending with ë, ë -> owë
    Nouns ending with ï, ï -> owï
    Nouns ending with ö, ö -> owö
    Nouns ending with ü, ü -> owü

Consonant sys:

    Nouns ending with consonants, +ow

Gender

Talamäskaski nouns are not generally marked for gender. Gender is divided into 2 categories: Animate and Inanimate.

The Animate contains: masculine (m), feminine (f), and animate neuter (an). The Inanimate contains: inanimate neuter (in).

Nouns are generally IN, unless they are living. If the noun is male then it's M, the same goes for female.

AN is used normally for plants and animals, unless the sex of the plant or animal is known. It is also used in cases where sex of the noun is irrelevant or unknown.

Declension

(*) - indicates that the case has historically retained it's gender markers throughout the case's declension

- Also, nouns can be inflected for more than one case.

Talamäskaski cases
case	suffix	English prep.	example	translation
Grammatical
nominatskim		...	kazza	house
*akkusatskim	-og	...	kazzoge	house
datskim	-u	to, for, at	kazzu	for the house
dzxenatskim	-alla	of (possession)	kazzalla	of the house, the house's
Locative
lokkatskim 1	-tta	at, from, of	kazzatta	from the house
lokkatskim 2	-(ë)n	at, from, of	kazzan	from the house
Marginal
*instrumentaliqsxkim	-om	with, by	kazzome	with the house
Other
temporaliqsxkim	-t	at, in, on, time phrases	(kazzat)	(at house o'clock) - used with numbers, months, yrs, people
*wokatskim	-oj	exclamation	kazzej!	house!

Putting it all together: Declensions and Numbers

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
nominatskim	kazza	kazzowa	kazze
*akkusatskim	kazzoge	sxena	kazzogena
datskim	kazzu	sxalasx
dzxenatskim	kazzalla	erbe	kazzalle
lokkatskim 1	kazzatta	hamisx	kazzatte
lokkatskim 2	kazzan	sxisxsxu	kazzans
*instrumentaliqsxkim	kazzome	sebe	kazzomena
temporaliqsxkim	kazzat	samaane	kazzats
*wokatskim	kazzej	tisxe	kazzejes

Articles

Ubell does not utilize definite and indefinite articles.

There are four historical definite articles that represent article and gender, that are now used only for contractions with prepositions when needed.

    o - masculine
    a - feminine
    i - animate neuter
    e - inanimate neuter

Pronouns

Personal

Singular Personal Pronoun Declension

	1st Per	2nd Per		3rd Per
		You (inf)	You (for)	Masc	Fem	A.Neut.	I.Neut.
Nominatskim	Ja	Wos	Kos	Ong	Ang	Ing	Eng
Akkusatskim	Mene	Tebe	Hure	On	Ona	Oni	One
Datskim	Menja	Tebja	Hro	Jewo	Jewa	Jewi	Jewe
Dzxenatskim	Mne	Wje	Kje	Onge	Ange	Inge	Enge
Lokatskim-a	Meh	Teh	Krh	Pan	Pana	Panu	Pane
Lokatskim-b	Jan	Vosën	Kosën	Ongën	Angën	Ingën	Engën
Instrumentaliqsxkim	Jom / Joma	Wosom / Wosma	Kosom / Kosma	Ongom	Ongma	Ongmi	Ongme
Temporaliqsxkim	Jat	Wost	Kost	Ongët	Angët	Ingët	Engët
Wokatskim	Mnoj / Mnja	Toboj / Tobja	Koj / Koja	Onoj	Onja	Onji	Onje

Dual Personal Pronoun Declension

	1st Per	2nd Per		3rd Per
		You (inf)	You (for)	Masc	Fem	A.Neut.	I.Neut.
Nominatskim	Sandwa / Sandwe / Sandwije	Sxidwa / Sxidwe / Sxidwije	Qidwa / Qidwe / Qidwije	Ondwa	Andwe	Indwije	Endwije
Akkusatskim	Sendwa / Sendwe / Sendwije	Sxebdwa / Sxebdwe / Sxebdwije	Qendwa / Qendwe / Qebdwije	Tsudwa	Tswedwe	Mlondwije	Tsegdwije
Datskim	Snjadwa / Snjadwe / Snjadwije	Sxbadwa / Sxbadwe / Sxbadwije	Qbadwa / Qbadwe / Qbadwije	Tsuhdwa	Tswehdwe	Mlohdwije	Tsegodwije
Dzxenatskim	Namdwa / Namdwe / Namdwije	Bamdwa / Bamdwe / Bamdwije	Qamdwa / Qamdwe / Qamdwije	Mudwa	Jejdwe	Mlodwije	Wxodwije
Lokatskim-a	Nasxdwa / Nasxdwe / Nasxdwije	Bedwa / Bedwe / Bedwije	Qedwa / Qedwe / Qedwije	Nimdwa	Niejdwe	Nijodwije	Njedwije
Lokatskim-b	Snëndwa / Snëndwe / Snëndwije	Sxnidwa / Sxnidwe / Sxnidwije	Qnidwa / Qnidwe / Qnidwije	Ongsdwa	Angsdwe	Ingsdwije	Engsdwije
Instrumentaliqsxkim	Snomdwa / Snomdwe / Snomdwije	Sxomdwa / Sxomdwe / Sxomdwije	Qomdwa / Qomdwe / Qomdwije	Onmydwa	Anmydwe	Inmydwije	Enmydwije
Temporaliqsxkim	Santdwa / Santdwe / Santdwije	Sxatdwa / Sxatdwe / Sxatdwije	Qatdwa / Qatdwe / Qatdwije	Ongstdwa	Angstdwe	Ingstdwije	Engstdwije
Wokatskim	Nmojdwa / Nmojdwe / Nmojdwije	Sxmojdwa / Sxmojdwe / Sxmojdwije	Qmojdwa / Qmojdwe / Qmojdwije	Onsydwa	Ansydwe	Insydwije	Ensydwije

Plural Personal Pronoun Declension

	1st Per	2nd Per		3rd Per
		You (inf)	You (for)	Masc	Fem	A.Neut.	I.Neut.
Nominackim	San	Sxi	Qi	Ongs	Angs	Ings	Engs
Akkusatskim	Sene	Sxebe	Qebe	Tsu	Tswe	Mlonj	Tsego
Datskim	Senja	Sxbas	Qbas	Tsuh	Tsweh	Mloh	Tsegoh
Dzxenatskim	Nam	Bam	Qam	Mu	Jej	Mlo	Wxo
Lokatskim-a	Nasx	Beh	Qeh	Nim	Niej	Nijo	Njel
Lokatskim-b	Sanën	Sxin	Qiin	Ongsën	Angsën	Ingsën	Engsën
Instrumentaliqsxkim	Sanom / Sanma / Sanmi	Sxom / Sxma / Sxmi	Qom / Qma / Qmi	Ongsom	Ongsma	Ongsmi	Ongsme
Temporaliqsxkim	Sant	Sxat	Qat	Ongst	Angst	Ingst	Engst
Wokatskim	Namoj / Namja / Namji	Sxamoj / Sxamja / Sxamji	Qamoj / Qamja / Qamji	Ongsoj	Ongsja	Ongsji	Ongsje

Possessive

See Dzxenatskim above.

Demonstrative

Demonstrative pronouns
Ubell	English
Singular
taamaa	this
txuo	that
le	that (far away, over there)
Dual / Plural
naamaa	these
nguo	those
ljets	those (far away, over there)

Interrogative

English	Talamäskaski
How	Kako
What	Sxto
Why	Zasxto
When	Kana
Where	Gdje
Who	Kwa, Kto
Which	Qmale
How much/many	Tskolkö

Relative

English	Talamäskaski
How	Jak
What	Sxta
Why	Poqeemu
When	Kwxan
Where	Kudah
Who	Kem
Which	Itsam
How much/many	Kuingxa

Reciprocal

Reciprocal pronouns
Pronoun	Example	English
esi	" amajut s'esomi"	"they love each other" (plural)
odzxi	" amajut odzxogi"	"they love one another" (double singular)

Reflexive

Reflexive pronouns
Pronoun	Suffix	Example	English
itse	plus corresponding prepositional prefix and declensional suffix	"Prpare p'itsu teogi"	"(I) made myself some tea"

Passive

Reflexive pronouns
Pronoun	Suffix	Example	English
ipo		"Manzxu ipo kotsinalo"	"The food was cooked"

Indefinite

A large group that entails all of the pronouns that do not fall into any of the categories above. Notice that there are no negative pronouns, such as "nobody", but the positive pronoun has to be negated in the same manner as verbs, suffixed "-ma." It may also be preceded by "nö."

Indefinite pronouns
Talamäskaski	English
joka	every, each
jokpsoa	every, everyone
adnipsoa	some, someone (person)
-> nödnipsoa	nobody
jompkumi	either one
-> jompkum-ma	neither one
jokkozza(i)	some, something (animal, thing)
kuken	each one
ampk	both
ambul	both
kakerpsoa	anyone
-> kakerpsoa-ma	no one
kakerkozza(i)	anything -> nö-kakerkozza(i)-ma = nothing

Numerals

This chart is just an example of Talamäskaski numbers (0-10). For further details, please see Talamäskaski Numbers

Cardinal numbers and key inflected forms
Number	Cardinal	Ordinal	Adverbial	Temporal	Name
0	zro	jerzx	ser	zro	bado
1	mek	isxteen	bal	ena	and
2	jerkou	sxena	tel	doj	hulaat
3	jerek	sxalasx	kil	trej	sast
4	qors	erbe	fol	patru	arat
5	hing	hamisx	lul	qinq	ammüst
6	vets	sxisxsxu	maal	sxase	süddüst
7	jot	sebe	vel	sxapte	saabat
8	ut	samaane	jool	opt	sümmünt
9	inö	tisxe	zuul	nowü	zaataang
10	tahsz	esxer	deg	zeqe	asür

Adjectives

Types of Adjectives

Indefinite

Some indefinite adjectives are often perceived as indefinite pronouns. These include:

Indefinite adjectives
Talamäskaski	English
hano	only
eraas	some, certain, one
harwa	few
itseh (non-reflexive)	self
kajkij	all, everyone, everything
molemmat	both
moni	many
muu	other
muutama	some, a few
sama	same
tonenj (non-reciprocal, non-numeral use)	another

True

True adjectives are what Ubell considers to be natural adjectives. They (generally) do not evolve from other types of words.

ex. - fast, slow, weird, black, blue, purple

Verbal

Ubell, like many other languages, have special verb forms that act as adjectives. Though in structure, these are special verb forms, they ARE NOT considered as such. They are adjectives. There are two types of the adjective class: Infinitive, and Participle.

Infinitive

Infinitive phrases (as in English "pizza to die for"), are viewed in an adjectival light. To die for is formed by taking the infinitive of the verb and stripping it of its verb marker (leave the root vowel of the marker) (morirti => mori. Then add -smogij.

Morirti => Mori => Morismogij

Now that pesky preposition in our adj. to die for, add the appropriate prepositional prefix.

Pitsza bjetü premorismogij - The pizza is to die for

Participle

Many languages have special verbal forms called participles that can act as noun modifiers. In some languages, including English, there is a strong tendency for participles to evolve into adjectives. English examples of this include relieved (the past participle of the verb relieve, used as an adjective in sentences (such as "I am so relieved to see you"), spoken (as in "the spoken word"), and going (the present participle of the verb go, used as an adjective in sentences such as "Ten dollars per hour is the going rate").

To form this construction, take the consonant stem of the verb, and add -iwjasxij

Wadiwjasxi palaa - The spoken word

Comparative formation

When forming comparatives, add -alni

Blue => Bluer

Albastro => Albastralni

Superlative formation

When forming superaltives, add - ilan

Blue => Bluer => Bluest

Albastro => Albastralni => Albastrilan

Verbs

Ubell has 5 verb classes.

    (i) verbs end in -arti, Wadarti to speak
    (ii) verbs end in -erti, Komerti to eat
    (iii) verbs end in -irti, Wiwirti to live, exist
    (iv) verbs end in -[consonant]ti, Pisxti, to write
    (v) verbs are irregular verbs, Jesti to be
    (v.#) verbs that irregular, in the fact that they appear to be (iv),
          but conjugate in which ever class as determined by it's radical stem change,
          Muussenti(v.iii), to have to do (something)

Infinitive

The infinitive of a verb is its basic form. They are not inflected to agree with any subject, and their subject.

Personal

The personal infinitive, a non-finite form which does not show tense, but is inflected for person and number. Used with the subjunctive mood (see below) when the subject of the dependent is the same as the independent clause. This form is also used when auxiliary verbs are used.

Tense

Grammatical tense is a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs.

Tense is one of at least five qualities, along with mood, voice, aspect, and person, which verb forms may express.

Tenses cannot always be translated from one language to another. While verbs in all languages have typical forms by which they are identified and indexed in dictionaries, usually the most common present tense or an infinitive, their meanings vary among languages.

There are languages (such as isolating languages, like Chinese) in which tense is not used, but implied in temporal adverbs when needed, and some (such as Japanese) in which temporal information appears in the inflection of adjectives, lending them a verb-like quality. In some languages (such as Russian) a simple verb may indicate aspect and tense.

The number of tenses in a language may be controversial, since its verbs may indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, and even whether information derives from experience or hearsay.

Ubell has 5 tenses:

• Present
• Preterite (Simple Past)
• Imperfect (Complex Past)
• Future
• Conditional

Present

The present tense is the tense (that is, the form of the verb) that may be used to express:

   * action at the present
   * a state of being;
   * a habitual action;
   * an occurrence in the (very) near future; or
   * an action that occurred in the past and continues up to the present.

Preterite

The preterite (also praeterite, in American English also preterit, simple past, or past historic) is the grammatical tense expressing actions that took place in the past. It is similar to the aorist in languages such as Greek.

The preterite is a verb tense that indicates that an action taken once in the past was completed at a specific point in time in the past. Usually, a definite start time or end time for the action is stated. This is opposed to the imperfect tense, which refers to any repeated, continuous, or habitual past action. Thus, "I ran five miles yesterday" would use the first-person preterite form of ran, corrí, whereas "I ran five miles every morning" would use the first-person imperfect tense form, corría. This distinction is actually one of perfective vs. imperfective aspect.

Imperfect

The imperfect tense, in the classical grammar of several Indo-European languages, denotes a past tense with an imperfective aspect. In English, it is referred to as the past continuous tense.

The term originated with the Latin language because "imperfect" refers to an uncompleted or abandoned action.

the imperfect is generally a past tense. Its uses include representing:

   * An action that was happening, used to happen, or happened regularly in the past and ongoing
   * People, things, or conditions of the past
   * A time in the past
   * A situation that was in progress in the past when another isolated and important event occurred (the former using the imperfect, while the latter uses the preterite).
   * A physical or mental state or condition in progress in the past. Often used with verbs of being, emotion, capability, or conscience.

Future

In grammar, the future tense is a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future (in an absolute tense system), or to happen subsequent to some other event, whether that is past, present, or future (in a relative tense system).

Conditional

The conditional tense is the form of the verb used in conditional sentences to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs, or an uncertain event that is contingent on another set of circumstances. This tense is thus similar to the subjunctive mood, although languages that have distinct verb forms for the two use them in distinct ways.

Conditional verb forms can also have temporal uses, often for expressing "future in the past" tense.

Mood

Grammatical mood is one of a set of distinctive verb forms that are used to signal modality.[1] It is distinct from grammatical tense or grammatical aspect, although these concepts are conflated to some degree in many languages, including English and most other modern Indo-European languages, insofar as the same word patterns are used to express more than one of these concepts at the same time.

Ubell has 3 moods:

    *Indicative
    *Subjunctive
    *Imperative

Indicative

The indicative mood or evidential mood is used for factual statements and positive beliefs. All intentions that a particular language does not categorize as another mood are classified as indicative. In English, questions are considered indicative. It is the most commonly used mood and is found in all languages. Example: "Paul is eating an apple" or "John eats apples".

The indicative mood is for statements of actuality or strong probability: The spine-tailed swift flies faster than any other bird in the world.

The following Ubell verb tenses occur in the indicative mood:

    *Present
    *Preterite
    *Imperfect
    *Future
    *Conditional

Subjunctive

n grammar, the subjunctive mood (sometimes referred to as the conjunctive mood, as it often follows a conjunction) is a verb mood that exists in many languages. It is typically used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present. The details of subjunctive use vary from language to language.

The following Ubell verb tenses occur in the subjunctive mood:

    *Present
    *Imperfect
    *Future

Imperative

The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that expresses direct commands or requests. It is also used to signal a prohibition, permission or any other kind of exhortation.

The following Ubell verb tenses occur in the imperative mood:

    *Present
    *Future

The imperative mood in Ubell is also used as a vocative or exclamatory verb form, In this instance, the following verb tenses occur:

    *Present
    *Preterite
    *Imperfect
    *Future
    *Conditional

Voice

In grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice.

Active vs Passive

In grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis) of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice.

For example, in the sentence:

   The cat ate the mouse.

the verb "ate" is in the active voice, but in the sentence:

   The mouse was eaten by the cat.

the verbal phrase "was eaten" is passive.

Aspect: Verbal Pairs

Talamäskaski utilizes what appears to be two grammatical aspects: Normalewsk and Perfectlewsk.

Every Talamäskaski verb comes paired with another verb, essencially meaning the exact same thing. The first verb being classified as Normalewsk, and the other as Perfectlewsk. They are used in different situations, and are not necessarily in the same verb class.

Normalewsk

All of the verbs in the Conjugation section are Normalewsk verbs.

Perfectlewsk

Perfectlewsk verbs have a specific meaning and use. The Perfectlewsk verbs essencially mean To have done....

ex: Wadarti is a Normalewsk verb that means to speak. It is paired with the Perfectlewsk verb, Hitsti which means to have spoken

Top 20 Most Common Verb Pairs

English - Normalewsk - Perfektlewsk

    to walk - Tsaminarti - Ibilirti
    to learn - Aprenderti - Ikasirti
    to drink - Beberti - Edanti
    to look for - Busxkarti - Bilatuarti
    to sing - Kantarti - Ktarikti
    to run - Koherti - Lasterkarti
    to believe - Creerti - Sinetsirti
    to listen - Eskuqarti - Entzunti
    to talk - Göwörti - Parlerti
    to make - Aserti - Fairti
    to put - Ponerti - Errunti
    to want - Keerti - Nahirti
    to know - Znarti - Gauzeirti
    to be - Birti / Jesti - Izanti / Bajanti
    to have - Terti - Edukirti
    to bring - Traerti - Ekarrirti
    to come - Wenirti - Wendrerti
    to sell - Wenderti - Salduarti
    to dress - Westirti - Janzkerarti
    to live - Wiwirti - Bizirti

Conjugation

See Talamäskaski Verb Conjugation

Adverbs

Adverbs typically answer questions such as how?, when?, where?, why? and to what extent?. They often end in -ly.

fast/rapid + ly = rapidly

afet + mens = afetmens

or

afet + marü = afetmarü

Prepositions

Prepositions
Talamäskaski	English
t, et	and
k	to, toward
k-ma	away (from)
p, por	to, for, in order to/for, by
n, em	in, on
auf	out, off
z	of, from
s	with
s-ma	without
sobor	over, above
sobor-ma	under, beneath
w	if
ts	up
ts-ma	down
q	in addition to, near, by
tsem	upon
nu	but
anget	before
ftos	after
l, öl	even if
d, öd	although
b, öb	about, by
kolj	since
tolj	because (of)
tilj	until

Conjunctions

Preposition Article Conjuctions
	O	A	I	E
t, et	to	ta	ti	te
k	ko	ka	ki	ke
k-ma	ko-ma	ka-ma	ki-ma	ke-ma
p, por	pro	pra	pri	pre
n, em	no	na	ni	ne
auf	auf	auf	auf	auf
z	zo	za	zi	ze
s	so	sa	si	se
s-ma	so-ma	sa-ma	si-ma	se-ma
sobor	sobro	sobra	sobri	sobre
sobor-ma	sobro-ma	sobra-ma	sobri-ma	sobre-ma
w	wo	wa	wi	we
ts	tso	tsa	tsi	tse
ts-ma	tso-ma	tsa-ma	tsi-ma	tse-ma
q	qo	qa	qi	qe
tsem	tsno	tsna	tsni	tsne
nu	nuho	nuha	nuhi	nuhe
anget	angto	angta	angti	angte
ftos	ftso	ftsa	ftsi	ftse
l, öl	lo	la	li	le
d, öd	do	da	di	de
b, öb	bo	ba	bi	be
kolj	klo	kla	kli	kle
tolj	tlo	tla	tli	tle
tilj	ötlo	ötla	ötli	ötle

Syntax

Ubell syntax is very similar to that of the languages in both families of which it is comprised. It's word order is SVO/SOV. Generally speaking it is SVO (Subject Verb Object); with the exception of when object pronouns are being used in place of the noun, then it shifts to SOV. The indirect object pronoun always precedes the direct object pronoun. Adjectives can either go before or after the noun they modify.

Questions

English	Talamäskaski
How	Kako
What	Sxto
Why	Zasxto
When	Kana
Where	Gdje
Who	Kwa, Kto
Which	Qmale
How much/many	Tskolkö

Sample Vocabulary

(sing.,dual, pl - english) - (any text in red denotes spelling changes of all types)

1. ovisarj, ovisarjow, ovisarjes - sheep
2. qko, qkow, qki - boy
   1. qka, qkowa, qke - girl
   2. qki, qkowi, qkena - child
3. gru, growu, gra - group
4. animal, animalow, animals - animal
   1. gru z animalogena - flock (lit. group of animals)
5. vilja, viljowa, vilje - village
   1. viljajer, viljajerow, viljajers - villager
6. bromo, bromow, bromi - joke
   1. bromarti - to joke
   2. eqarti bromogena (z) [k] - to make fun (of) [at]...
7. prto - black
8. alb - white
9. garje - gray
10. rubica - red
11. albastro - blue
12. galben - yellow
13. virens - green
14. portokalj - orange
15. mov - purple
16. maro - brown

Example text

Mouth, Eyes and Ears Puqii, Wxaaqow, t Sxikinow

English

Two children asked an old man. "Old man, we all have two ears and two eyes, but how come we only have one mouth?" The old man answered, "my point of view is that we have two ears so we can better listen to other people's advices, and we have two eyes so we can better observe other people's respectable conduct. Having said that, it seems to me that we have only one mouth so we have less means of engaging in meaningless talk".

Talamäskaski

Dwije qkowi jewo wadebt k antig ombru. “Antig ombroj, toa san terjem dwije sxikinogowi ti dwije wxaaqow, nu zasxto hano terjem jedni puqiogi?” Antig ombre mlohdwije hrsponddïst, “bjetü mne pontuu z verti sxta terjem san dwije sxikinogowi p sxta possle san yraas eskuqarmo k adwisoge z muu psoans luqsxij, t san terjem dwije wxaaqogowi p sxta possle san yraas obserwirmo tsompoge hrspektef z muu psoans luqsxij. K reqtor muu, paretseje k mne sxta terjem san hano jedni puqiogi p sxta san yraas tejem nikkta manerogena k atraermo n göwöroge s-ma hrazënoge."

Excerpt Song Lyrics: Soular Flares, by The Ready Set

English	"so darling do you know how you got so lovely? was it self-taught, learned from life? you've got skills making boys go crazy, and i've been running down the stairs again, i think you're in my head girl, i think i'm freaking out girl. sometimes i wonder if you're even real, if not it's cool, i don't wanna go back to the way that it was, i don't wanna go back 'cause i think i may be (in love) "
Talamäskaski

Imperfektlevsk Verb Book

Talamäskaskin-Anglesku (Talamäskaski-English)

ex entry in order to read properly. The primary verbs listed are the imperfektlewsk verbs, and their pair is written with them.

true infinitive (imperfektlewsk) / true infinitive (perfektlewsk)

english meaning

differential meaning	differential meaning
verb class	verb class
radical vowel change	radical vowel change
radical stem change	radical stem change
translation of "I (verb)"	translation of "I (verb)"

Talamäskaski

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