Template:Tangua
| Tangua Tangua | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Flexive | ||||||||||||
| Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||||||||||||
| Head direction | |||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | No | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | Expression error: Unexpected < operator.% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | Josep Der | ||||||||||||
Classification and Dialects[]
Tangua, or "Speech" in English, is a conlang that reconstructs the hypothetical Gallic that was spoken in the north of Catalonia in ancient times.
It is, therefore, the southernmost dialect of the language of the Gauls, and would have been brought there by the Catalaunic tribe, who would have given the name to the whole country, Catalonia.
It is a Gallic dialect that would have survived to the present day.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
The consonant system is inherited from the Gallic language, but, due to its isolation from the rest of the Gallic dialects in the Late Roman period, it has evolved in its own way and often converges with Catalan, which has exerted its influence as adstrate.
Unlike the other Celtic languages that have survived, our language does not have such an evolved system of lenition as Welsh or Irish. It is limited to the softening of voiced intervocalic voiced consonants, the voicing of voiceless consonants or the dropping of intervocalic /s/. Indeed, the phenomenon has no morphophonological effects and is limited to a simple phonetic evolution along the lines of Romance languages.
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||
| Plosive | p-b | t-d | k-g | |||||||||
| Fricative | β | f | ð | s-z | ʃ-ʒ | ɣ | ||||||
| Affricate | ts-dz | tʃ | ||||||||||
| Approximant | ||||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Lateral fric. | ||||||||||||
| Lateral app. | l | ʎ | ||||||||||
| Lateral flap |
Vowels[]
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |||
| Near-high | e | o | |||
| High-mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ | ||
| Mid | a | ||||
| Low-mid | |||||
| Near-low | |||||
| Low |
Phonotactics[]
Writing System[]
| Letter | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | i | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | /a/ | /b/ | /k/ | /d/-/ð/ | /e/-/ɛ/ -/ə/ | /f/ | /g/-/ɣ/ | /i/-/j/ | ||||
| Letter | j | l | m | n | ny | o | p | r | ||||
| Sound | /j/ | /l/- /ɫ/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /o/-/ɔ/ | /p/ | /r/-/ɾ/ | ||||
| Letter | s | t | u | v | w | x | z | |||||
| Sound | /s/-/z/ | /t/ | /u/ | /β/ | /w/ | /ʃ/ | /z/ |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
The noun has only two inflections, gender (masculine and feminine) and number (singular and plural).
Despite oversimplifying the morphology of the language, it can be said that masculine nouns, which usually end in a consonant, -u, -e or -i, have the plural -u, -iu, -es or -a (remainder of the old neuter plural), depending on the old declension to which the word belongs. On the other hand, feminine words ending in -a or in a consonant have the plurals -e or -(e)s.
Ex: art 'bear', artu 'bears'.
anu 'name', anua 'names'.
agar 'call', agariu 'calls'.
boiat 'boy', boiats 'boys'.
banya 'horn', banye 'horns'.
Verbs[]
The verb has person (1, 2, 3), number (singular or plural), tense (present, imperfect, perfect, future), aspect (perfective or imperfective) and voice (active or passive) inflections. The verb admits two constructions inherited from Old Gaul. On the one hand, we find the root plus personal endings. Ex: Delgu 'I contain'. On the other hand, we see the root followed by direct or indirect object morphemes and finally closed by the subject marking. Ex: Delgaduc mi 'I contain that to you'.
Present tense of indicative
delgu, delgi, delget, delguas, delgets, delgent
Can be strengthened by lengthening the subject pronoun: delgu mi, delgi te, delget e/i/it, delguas ni, delgets sue, delgent si.
If the structure has clitics, the order of monemes is: stem ending in -a + indirect object + direct object + others + subject. Ex: delganec te, 'you hold it for us'.
Syntax[]
Lexicon[]
Example text[]
On ader sini es en se neues,
buetit noibāt to anu.
Monin to reiu.
Buetit avāt to sont
cot en se neues cot en se llar.
Dan sidiu se bara di pap diu.
Perdonan on pecadu
saual ma perdonani se doniu
sini goecian is.
Ac ne lleia bre on tuiet
en se tentadu,
et aneien ux se druc.
Essoc buetit avāt.