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| Tero-Konan Teroska/Kongasa | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||
| Fusional/Agglutinative | |||
| Alignment | |||
| Split Ergativity | |||
| Head direction | |||
| Tonal | |||
| No | |||
| Declensions | |||
| Yes | |||
| Conjugations | |||
| Yes | |||
| Genders | |||
| No | |||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||
| Case | Number | ||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
| Voice | Mood | ||
| Person | Number | ||
| Tense | Aspect | ||
General information[]
The term Tero-Konan refers to the two major dialects spoken on the eastern Caspian shore, Teroan and Konan. It is the language of two kingdoms, Tero in the south, & Kona in the north. The language is a direct descendant of Old Norse. It is largely influenced by the languages of the Silk Road, including Scythian, Khwarezmian, Middle Persian, & an early form of Turkic. Teroan is said to be more conservative than Konan.
Teroan: Teroska, Tonaska.
Konan: Kerosa, Konasa.
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
In old Tero-Konan, the sounds z, sh, c, & j are found only in loanwords.
| Early Tero-Konan | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | p/b | t/d | c/j | k/g | |
| Fricative | f | th | s/z | sh | h |
| Approximant | w | y | |||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
| Modern Teroan | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | |||
| Plosive | p/b | t/d | c | k/g | |
| Fricative | s/z | sh | kh/gh | ||
| Approximant | w | y | |||
| Trill | r | ||||
| Lateral Approximant | l |
| Modern Konan | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | ng | ||||
| Plosive | p/b | t/d | j | k/g | ||
| Fricative | f | s | sh | h | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral Approximant | l |
Sound shifts from Early Tero-Konan to modern Tero-Koanan
| Tero-Konan | Modern Teroan | Modern Konan |
|---|---|---|
| m | m | m |
| n | n | ng |
| p | p | p |
| b | b | b |
| t | t | k |
| d | d | g |
| c | c | t |
| j | c | d |
| k | k | gone |
| g | g | gone |
| f | w | f |
| th | s | s |
| s | s | s |
| z | z | s |
| sh | sh | sh |
| h | kh/gh | h |
| w | w | f |
| y | y | j |
| r | r | r |
| l | l | l |
Vowels[]
| Front Rounded | Front Unrounded | Central | Back Rounded | Back Unrounded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ii | i | u | uu | |
| Mid | ee | e | o | oo | |
| Open | a |
Konan does additionally distinguish length, but it is not marked in writting. The longer vowels are found where the sounds K & G where dropped.
Alphabet[]
Tero-Konan uses a varient of the Runic script, which here no longer looks Runic. Some borrowed simbles from Aramaic are used for unfamiliar sounds.
For righting in the Latin script, the leters are A, B, C, '1', D, E, '2', F, G, H, I, '3', J, K, L, M, N, O, '4', P, Q, R, S, '5', T, '6', U, '7', W, Y, Z
I does not have a dot lowercase.
'1' looks like a C with a tiny "5" beneath it. It makes the Kh sound used in Modern Teroan.
'2' is an E with an umlaut.
H is a velar fricative in Early Tero-Konan & a glottal fricative in Modern Konan
'3' is an I with a dot, both capital and lowercase.
N is a dental nasal in Early Tero-Konan & Modern Teroan, but it is a velar nasal in Modern Konan
'4' is an O with an umlaut.
Q makes a Gh sound used in Modern Teroan.
'5' is an S with a "comma" beneath it. It makes the Sh sound.
'6' is a T with a tiny "5" beneath it. it makes the Th sound used in Early Tero-Konan
'7' is a U with an umlaut.
Phonotactics[]
Consonant clusters are not very common.
| Initial | Middle | Final |
|---|---|---|
| m/n/ng | m/n/ng | m/n/ng |
| p/t/k/c | p/t/k/c | t/k |
| b/d/g/j | b/d/g/j | b/d/g |
| f/th/s/sh/h/kh | f/th/s/sh/h | f/s/sh |
| z | z/gh | rm/lm |
| w/y/r/l | w/y/r/l | r/l |
| sm/sn/sng/shm | sm/sn/sng/shm | |
| mp/nt/nc/ngk | ||
| mb/nd/nj/ngg | ||
| sp/st/sk/sht/shk | sp/st/sk/shp/sht/shk | |
| pr/pl/tw/tr/kw/ky/kr/kl/cw | pr/tw/kw/kr/kl/cw | |
| br/dw/dr/gw/gr/gl | br/dw/gw/gr/gl | |
| fr/fl/thr/thw/sy/sw/sr/sl/shr/shl | fr/fl/thr/sw/sl/shr/shl | |
| spr/str/skr/shtr/shkr/spl/skw | spr/str/skr/shtr/shkr/skw |
Diphthongs are rare.
Grammar[]
The grammer for Teroan & Konan are identical. Tero-Konan uses prefixing rather than sufixing.
| Gender | Cases | Numbers | Tenses | Persons | Moods | Voices | Aspects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verb | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Nouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adjectives | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Numbers | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Participles | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adverb | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Pronouns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Adpositions | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Article | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| Particle | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Nouns[]
Nouns have four cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, & dative), two numbers (singular & plual), & two gendres (masculine & feminine). The following shos the prefixes for Early Tero-Konan, Modern Teroan, & Modern Konan.
| Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | re-/re-/re- | le-/le-/le- | ra-/ra-/ra- | la-/la-/la- |
| Accusative | he-/khe-/he- | te-/ke-/te- | ha-/kha-/ha | ta-/ka-/ta- |
| Genitive | se-/se-/se- | fe-/we-/fe- | sa-/sa-/sa- | fa-/wa-/fa- |
| Dative | i-/i-/i- | we-/we-/fe- | mu-/mu-/mu- | wa-/wa-/fa- |
Verbs[]
Verbs have two numbers (singular & plural), two tenses (present & past), three persons (first, second, & third), & three moods (indicative, imperative, & subjunctive).
| First Person Singular | First Person Plural | Second Person Singular | Second Person Plural | Third Person Singular | Third Person Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Imperative | da-/da-/ga- | thu-/su-/su- | mu-/mu/mu-/mu- | ta-/ta-/ka- | ri-/r-/ri- | sta-/sta-/ska- |
| Past Indicative | mari-/mari-/mari | no-/no-/ngo- | yama-/yama-/jama- | ya-/ya-/ja- | andi-/andi-/anggi- | yari-/yari-/jari- |
| Past Subjunctive | dari-/dari-/gari- | dami-/dami-/gami- | thari-/sari-/sari- | yada-/yada/-jaga- |
dada-/dada-/gaga- |
dithi-/disi-/gisi- |
| Present Imperative | thimi-/simi-/simi- | tiri-/tiri-/kiri | tuma-/tuma-/kuma- | titha-/tisa-/kisa- | dama-/dama-/gama- | thama-/sama-/sama- |
| Present Indicative | yana-/yana-/jana- | mara-/mara-/mara- | dara-/dara-/gara- | thara-/sara-/sara- | datha-/dasa-/gasa- | tara-/tara-/kara- |
| Present Subjunctive | tama-/tama-/kama- | tatha-/tasa-/kasa- | na-/na-/nga- | ra-/ra-/ra- | ma-/ma-/ma | yanda-/yanda-/jangga- |
Adjectives[]
Adjectives uses the same prefixes as nouns.
Pronouns[]
Pronouns have four cases, two numbers, & two genders, just like nouns. Oddly, pronouns do not have person. Pronouns cannot be used in sentences with out a verb.
| Personal Pronouns | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | han/khan/hang | hon/khon/hong | der/der/ger | dara/dara/gara |
| Accusative | hen/khen/heng | hana/khana/hanga | da/da/ga | tara/tara/kar |
| Genitive | hansa/khansa/hangsa | henara/khenara/hengara | dera/dera/gera | fara/wara/fara |
| Dative | hanum/khanum/hangum | heni/kheni/hengi | dem/dem/gem | wara/wara/fara |
| Possessive Pronouns | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ren/ren/reng | le/le/le | ira/ira/ira | lara/lara/lara |
| Accusative | hane/khane/hange | ate/ate/ake | ha/kha/ha | lan/lan/lang |
| Genitive | se/se/se | ranara/ranara/rangara | rana/rana/ranga | las/las/las |
| Dative | umi/umi/umi | niri/niri/ngiri | umu/umu/umu | lam/lam/lam |
Articles[]
Articles have cases, numbers, & genders.
| Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Singular Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | rehin/reghin/rehing | lehin/leghin/lehing | hinira/khinira/hingira | lanara/lanara/langara |
| Accusative | halam/khalam/halam | tehin/teghin/kehing | hahin/khaghin/hahing | talam/talam/kalam |
| Genitive | hinsa/khinsa/hingsa | finara/winara/fingara | sahin/saghin/sahing | falam/walam/falam |
| Dative | inum/inum/ingum | wehin/weghin/fehing | himu/khimu/himu | ulam/ulam/ulam |
Numbers[]
Numbers have four cases & two genders.
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maculine | ri-/ri-/ri- | a-/a-/a-/ | igro-/igro-/iro- | mura-/mura-/mura- |
| Feminine | ra-/ra-/ra- | i-/i-/i- | ru-/ru-/ru- | ma-/ma-/ma- |
Early Tero-Knan: enta, tewera, tarigira, firara, fem, sekes, sigi, oti, nigi, tigi.
Teroan: enta, tewera, tarigira, wirara, wem, sekes, sigi, oti, nigi, tigi.
Konan: engka, kefera, karira, firara, fem, ses, si, oki, ni, ki.
Vocabulary[]
| No. | English | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | — |
| 2 | you (singular) | — |
| 3 | he | — |
| 4 | we | — |
| 5 | you (plural) | — |
| 6 | they | — |
| 7 | this | — |
| 8 | that | — |
| 9 | here | — |
| 10 | there | — |
| 11 | who | — |
| 12 | what | — |
| 13 | where | — |
| 14 | when | — |
| 15 | how | — |
| 16 | not | — |
| 17 | all | — |
| 18 | many | — |
| 19 | some | — |
| 20 | few | — |
| 21 | other | — |
| 22 | one | — |
| 23 | two | — |
| 24 | three | — |
| 25 | four | — |
| 26 | five | — |
| 27 | big | — |
| 28 | long | — |
| 29 | wide | — |
| 30 | thick | — |
| 31 | heavy | — |
| 32 | small | — |
| 33 | short | — |
| 34 | narrow | — |
| 35 | thin | — |
| 36 | woman | — |
| 37 | man (adult male) | — |
| 38 | man (human being) | — |
| 39 | child | — |
| 40 | wife | — |
| 41 | husband | — |
| 42 | mother | — |
| 43 | father | — |
| 44 | animal | — |
| 45 | fish | — |
| 46 | bird | — |
| 47 | dog | — |
| 48 | louse | — |
| 49 | snake | — |
| 50 | worm | — |
| 51 | tree | — |
| 52 | forest | — |
| 53 | stick | — |
| 54 | fruit | — |
| 55 | seed | — |
| 56 | leaf | — |
| 57 | root | — |
| 58 | bark | — |
| 59 | flower | — |
| 60 | grass | — |
| 61 | rope | — |
| 62 | skin | — |
| 63 | meat | — |
| 64 | blood | — |
| 65 | bone | — |
| 66 | fat | — |
| 67 | egg | — |
| 68 | horn | — |
| 69 | tail | — |
| 70 | feather | — |
| 71 | hair | — |
| 72 | head | — |
| 73 | ear | — |
| 74 | eye | — |
| 75 | nose | — |
| 76 | mouth | — |
| 77 | tooth | — |
| 78 | tongue | — |
| 79 | fingernail | — |
| 80 | foot | — |
| 81 | leg | — |
| 82 | knee | — |
| 83 | hand | — |
| 84 | wing | — |
| 85 | belly | — |
| 86 | guts | — |
| 87 | neck | — |
| 88 | back | — |
| 89 | breast | — |
| 90 | heart | — |
| 91 | liver | — |
| 92 | drink | — |
| 93 | eat | — |
| 94 | bite | — |
| 95 | suck | — |
| 96 | spit | — |
| 97 | vomit | — |
| 98 | blow | — |
| 99 | breathe | — |
| 100 | laugh | — |
| 101 | see | — |
| 102 | hear | — |
| 103 | know | — |
| 104 | think | — |
| 105 | smell | — |
| 106 | fear | — |
| 107 | sleep | — |
| 108 | live | — |
| 109 | die | — |
| 110 | kill | — |
| 111 | fight | — |
| 112 | hunt | — |
| 113 | hit | — |
| 114 | cut | — |
| 115 | split | — |
| 116 | stab | — |
| 117 | scratch | — |
| 118 | dig | — |
| 119 | swim | — |
| 120 | fly | — |
| 121 | walk | — |
| 122 | come | — |
| 123 | lie | — |
| 124 | sit | — |
| 125 | stand | — |
| 126 | turn | — |
| 127 | fall | — |
| 128 | give | — |
| 129 | hold | — |
| 130 | squeeze | — |
| 131 | rub | — |
| 132 | wash | — |
| 133 | wipe | — |
| 134 | pull | — |
| 135 | push | — |
| 136 | throw | — |
| 137 | tie | — |
| 138 | sew | — |
| 139 | count | — |
| 140 | say | — |
| 141 | sing | — |
| 142 | play | — |
| 143 | float | — |
| 144 | flow | — |
| 145 | freeze | — |
| 146 | swell | — |
| 147 | sun | — |
| 148 | moon | — |
| 149 | star | — |
| 150 | water | — |
| 151 | rain | — |
| 152 | river | — |
| 153 | lake | — |
| 154 | sea | — |
| 155 | salt | — |
| 156 | stone | — |
| 157 | sand | — |
| 158 | dust | — |
| 159 | earth | — |
| 160 | cloud | — |
| 161 | fog | — |
| 162 | sky | — |
| 163 | wind | — |
| 164 | snow | — |
| 165 | ice | — |
| 166 | smoke | — |
| 167 | fire | — |
| 168 | ash | — |
| 169 | burn | — |
| 170 | road | — |
| 171 | mountain | — |
| 172 | red | — |
| 173 | green | — |
| 174 | yellow | — |
| 175 | white | — |
| 176 | black | — |
| 177 | night | — |
| 178 | day | — |
| 179 | year | — |
| 180 | warm | — |
| 181 | cold | — |
| 182 | full | — |
| 183 | new | — |
| 184 | old | — |
| 185 | good | — |
| 186 | bad | — |
| 187 | rotten | — |
| 188 | dirty | — |
| 189 | straight | — |
| 190 | round | — |
| 191 | sharp | — |
| 192 | dull | — |
| 193 | smooth | — |
| 194 | wet | — |
| 195 | dry | — |
| 196 | correct | — |
| 197 | near | — |
| 198 | far | — |
| 199 | right | — |
| 200 | left | — |
| 201 | at | — |
| 202 | in | — |
| 203 | with | — |
| 204 | and | — |
| 205 | if | — |
| 206 | because | — |
| 207 | name | — |
