| Tharante Ћarante | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||||||||||||
| Alignment | |||||||||||||
| Head direction | |||||||||||||
| Tonal | No | ||||||||||||
| Declensions | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Conjugations | Yes | ||||||||||||
| Genders | No | ||||||||||||
| Nouns decline according to... | |||||||||||||
| Case | Number | ||||||||||||
| Definiteness | Gender | ||||||||||||
| Verbs conjugate according to... | |||||||||||||
| Voice | Mood | ||||||||||||
| Person | Number | ||||||||||||
| Tense | Aspect | ||||||||||||
| Meta-information | |||||||||||||
| Progress | 0% | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Creator | asfarer | ||||||||||||
Classification and Dialects[]
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||
| Fricative | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | ɕ | x | h | |
| Affricate | ts dz | tʃ dʒ | ||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
Vowels[]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| High-mid | e ø | o |
| Low-mid | ɛ | |
| Low | a |
Vowels can be short or long, long vowels will be written with an accent mark:
Short vowels: a - e - i - o - u - æ - ë - ę
Long vowels: á - é - í - ó - ú - ǽ
ï - ẅ[]
These are special diphtongues, they are pronounced [ji] and [wu] respectively
ę[]
This is a silent letter, it appears usually at the end of a word:
- senę [sen] - fire
- sotęr [sotr] - been
- iђęr [iθr] - said
ë[]
This letter is pronounced [ø], but when it appears at the end of a word it's pronounced [i]: darë (knife)
Writing System[]
| Letter | a | b | d | đ | e | f | g | ǧ | h | ȟ | i | k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound | a | b | d | ð | e | f | g | ʒ | h | x | i | k |
| Letter | l | m | n | ň | o | p | r | ř | s | š | ɯ | ϣ |
| Sound | l | m | n | ɲ | o | p | r / ɾ | rzʒ | s | ɕ | ʃ | sʃ |
| Letter | t | u | w | ẃ | æ | ë | z | ђ | ę | |||
| Sound | t | u | v | w | ɛ | ø | z | θ | ĭ |
Grammar[]
Nouns[]
Nouns have three cases: nominative, locative and partitive, with singular and plural forms.
1st declension - Monosyllabic nouns [Plural in -or][]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | duh | duhor |
| Loc. | duhu | duhur |
| Part. | duheẃ | - |
2nd declension - Polysyllabic nouns [Plural in -er][]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | telefon | telefoner |
| Loc. | telefonu | telefonur |
| Part. | telefoneẃ | - |
3rd declension - Nouns ending in: -e [Plural in -er][]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | arȟitekte | arȟitekter |
| Loc. | arȟitektiu | arȟitektur |
| Part. | arȟitekteẃ | - |
4th declension - Nouns ending in: -ę [Plural in -e][]
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | senę | sene |
| Loc. | seniu | seniur |
| Part. | seneẃ | - |
5th declension - Nouns ending in: ň / ř / ë [Plural in -ir][]
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | troň | tronir | seleř | seleǧir | darë | darir |
| Loc. | troňu | troňur | seleǧu | seleǧur | daru | darur |
| Part. | troniẃ | - | seleǧiẃ | - | dariẃ | - |
Verbs[]
Tenses
| Simple | Far | Previous | Recent | Routine | Circumst | Conditional | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | balan | - | - | - | - | - | balan-bę | bala |
| Past | balon | balonot | balonoϣ | balonei | balones | - | balon-bę | |
| Future | balaẃ | balaẃot | balaẃoϣ | balaẃei | - | balaẃen | balaẃ-bę | - |
Example of uses (in brackets there are indictaed the names of corresponding tenses in English grammar):
| English | Ћarante | |
|---|---|---|
| Present | He eats an apple | En eđan oẃ tese |
| Conditional present ("would") |
He would eat an apple (now) |
En eđan-bę oẃ tese |
| Imperative | Eat an apple! | Eđa oẃ tese |
| Past (Simple past or present perfect) |
He ate an apple He has eaten an apple |
En eđon oẃ tese |
| Far/Historical past (Simple past or present perfect) |
He ate an apple (longtime ago) |
En eđonot oẃ tese |
| Previous past (Past perfect) |
He had eaten an apple | En eđonoϣ oẃ tese |
| Recent past ("just" pres. perf.) |
He has just eaten an apple | En eđonei oẃ tese |
| Routine past ("used to") |
He used to eat apples | En eđones teseẃ |
| Conditional past | He would have eaten an apple (in the past) |
En eđon-bę oẃ tese |
| Future ("will") |
He will eat an apple | En eđaẃ oẃ tese |
| Far future ("will") |
He will eat an apple (prediction) |
En eđaẃot oẃ tese |
| Previous future (Future perfect) |
He will have eaten an apple | En eđaẃoϣ oẃ tese |
| Near future ("be going to") |
He is going to eat an apple (right now) |
En eđaẃei oẃ tese |
| Circumst. future ("will") |
He found an apple. He is going to eat it. |
En eđaẃen oẃ tese |
| Conditional future | He would eat an apple (in the future) |
En eđaẃ-bę oẃ tese |
Syntax[]
Lexicon[]
- house: n. ús
- tree: n. erem
- sky: n. lát
- bread: n. duh
- water: n. eke
- dog: n. sok
- wine: n. seẃe
- apple: n. tese
- chair: n. kalot
- table: n. tolet
- computer: n. ordinatër
- telephone: n. telefon
- fire: n. senę
- door: n. feze
- knife: n. darë
- architect: n. arȟitekte
- poet: n. poæt
- to eat: v. eđan
- to sleep: v. súlan
- to give: v. balan
- to drink: v. sëgan
- to see: v. tean
- to take: v. wosan
- to speak: v. ђaran
- to say: v. iђran
- to play: v. foϣan
- big: a. doš
- small: a. ler
- tall: a. dasat
- short: a. ïet / mẅes
- new: a. fok
- long: a. mént
- black: a. sořes
- white: a. taẃes
- modern: a. moderne
- sad: a. loȟer
- old: a. geђes
Example text[]
Our Father - Séite itreẃ
Séite itreẃ ut-erá sotran látu
áme utreẃ dansæntante-daies
tarptún utreẃ ba itor terægan-daies
ẃodade utreẃ dante-daies, fesí túnu aňí látu
duh oɯberes itreẃ, bala itres Kaite berú
ál baђona zalteker itreẃ taráz itor baђonan zaltekener itreẃ
da kađra itor ba taђan tentašiu
ál danleẃa itor ter ëmt-ok
Amen