Tritonian Slavic // [] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Morphological typology (Inflection) | Nouns | Fusional | |
Verbs | Fusional | ||
Morphosyntactic Alignment | Nominative-Accusative | ||
Dominant Word Order | SVO[Footnotes 1] | ||
Head Direction | Possessive Phrase | Head-initial | |
Adpositional Phrase | Head-initial | ||
Verb Phrase | Head-initial | ||
Adjective Phrase | Head-initial | ||
Dominant Marking | Possessive Phrase | Dependent-marking | |
Adpositional Phrase | Dependent-marking | ||
Verb Phrase | Dependent-marking | ||
Writing Direction | Primary | Left to right | |
Secondary | |||
Tertiary | |||
Script | Cyrillic | ||
A priori | A posteriori | ||
Genders | 3 | ||
Cases | 7 | ||
Tones | no | ||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person(SUBJ) | Person(OBJ) | ||
Tense | Aspect | ||
Volition | Number |
Tritonian Slavic is a direct descendant of Old Church Slavonic which is native to the moon Triton. It is one of the five official languages of the Empire of Perun, an intergalactic superpower which controlled the entire Virgo supercluster at its peak.
Classification and Dialects[]
Tritonian Slavic is a South Slavic language and thus shares certain features with the Earth-based South Slavic languages. However, the language is mutually unintelligible to speakers of other Slavic languages, as it has undergone a substantial amount of sound changes and retained features lost in other Slavic languages due to its relative isolation in the outer Solar System. Due to Triton's size and harsh conditions causing it to support a very low human population, Tritonian Slavic has very few semblances of dialectal variation.
Sound Changes from Old Church Slavonic[]
Due to its isolation, Tritonian Slavic has developed some sound changes independent of other Slavic languages.
- All tone distinctions in OCS disappear as Tritonian Slavic develops a predictable stress system.
- The nasal vowels /ɛ̃/ and /ɔ̃/ are raised to /i/ and /u/ respectively; e.g. OCS rǫka "hand" > TS roka "hand", OCS zętĭ "son-in-law" > TS zič "son-in-law". For the conditional change from /u/ to /o/ in the former example, see Tritonian Slavic#Vowels.
- Yers disappear unless their disappearance creates a syllabic consonant or illegal consonant cluster. In that case, yers are retained, but are shifted to /i/ and /u/; e.g. OCS skotŭ "cattle, animal" > TS skut "animal", OCS světĭlostĭ "light" > TS svyočlïsti "light," OCS sŭmrĭtĭ "death" > TS sprič "death." The disappearance of OCS ĭ causes the palatalizion of the proceeding consonant in TS, but ŭ disappears without a trace.
- OCS c and dz become /s/ and /z/ in Tritonian Slavic: e.g. OCS cĕsarǐstvo "empire" > TS šaserestva from earlier syaserestva, OCS bodzě "god (locative singular)" > TS boža "god (locative singular) from earlier bozya.
- OCS t' and d' become <št> and <žd> respectively as in the Bulgarian recession, which later shift to <šč> and <žj> via palatal harmony.
- The yat vowel merges with <e>,
TBA
Phonology[]
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Palatalized | Normal | Palatalized | Normal | |||
Nasal | m | /mʲ/ <m̌> | n | /ɲ/ <ň> | (ŋ) | ||
Plosive | Voiceless | p | /pʲ/ <py> | t | /t͡ɕ/ <č> | k | |
Voiced | b | /bʲ/ <by> | d | /d͡ʑ/ <j> | g | ||
Fricative | Voiceless | s | /ɕ/ <š> | x | |||
Voiced | v | /vʲ/ <vy> | z | /ʑ/ <ž> | |||
Approximant | /w/ <ł> | l | /j/ <y> | (w) | |||
Trill | r | /rʲ/ <ř> |
Vowels[]
Tritonian Slavic has three phonemic vowel sounds and an additional three allophones, making the language have 6 vowel sounds in total.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | (ɨ) <ï> | u |
Mid | (e) | (o) | |
Low | a |
There is significant allophony in Tritonian Slavic's vowel system. Vowels are required to harmonize with the following phonemic vowel. This vowel harmony is blocked by word boundaries and has no exceptions inside words, causing the final vowel of a word to be phonetically pronounced as [a], [i], or [u]. The vowel changes that occur are listed in the table below:
First vowel (phonemically) | Second vowel (phonemically) | First vowel (phonetically) |
---|---|---|
/a/ | /a/ | [a] |
/i/ | [e] | |
/u/ | [o] | |
/i/ | /a/ | [e] |
/i/ | [i] | |
/u/ | [ɨ] | |
/u/ | /a/ | [o] |
/i/ | [ɨ] | |
/u/ | [u] |
Phonotactics[]
Tritonian Slavic has a strict (C)C(C)V(C) syllable structure, with up to three consonants being permitted in the onset and only one consonant being permitted in the coda at a given time. Consonant clusters with more than three consonants are disallowed, and consonant clusters must follow a strict sonority hierarchy with any clusters violating it being disallowed.
In consonant clusters, a palatal harmony is required where every consonant must agree in palatalization with the proceeding consonant. However, palatal harmony is blocked by nasals of any place of articulation and labials and velars of any manner of articulation. The sole exception to the harmony blocking is <ł>, which is a soft variant of <l>.
Writing System[]
Tritonian Slavic utilizes a variant of the early Cyrillic alphabet. Due to its isolation, Tritonian Slavic's script is very conservative but innovative at the same time compared to other Slavic languages which use the Cyrillic script, and even retains the use of letters for numerical values even after Earth-based Cyrillic scripts switched to using the Hindu-Arabic numerals instead.
Like in the Early Cyrillic script, Tritonian Slavic's Cyrillic script has no distinction between uppercase or lowercase letters.
Letters: | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Letter | α | б | в | г | д | дь[Notes 1] | ж | ꙁ | и | ı | к | л |
Name | az (αз) |
buk (бок) |
vyaja (вьαдьα) |
glogïli (глαголи) |
dobra (добрα) |
Ø | ževyača (живьαчα) |
žamła (жαмльα) |
exa (ихα) |
exeyi (ихαıи) |
koka (кокα) |
łïdeya (льодиꙗ) |
Numerical value | 1 | Ø | 2 | 3 | 4 | Ø | 7 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 30 | |
Sound | /a/ | /b/ | /v/ | /g/ | /d/ | /d͡ʑ/ | /ʑ/ | /z/ | /i/ | /j/ | /k/ | /l/ |
Letter | ль[Notes 2] | м | н | нь[Notes 3] | п | р | с | т | о[Notes 4] | х | ч | ш |
Name | Ø | mïsleča (мосличα) |
naš (нαш) |
Ø | pukuy (покоı) |
risi (риси) |
slova (словα) |
tvyarda (твьαрдα) |
uk (ок) |
šar (шαр) |
xervli (хαрвли) |
ša (шα) |
Numerical value | 40 | 50 | 80 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 70 | 600 | Ø | |||
Sound | /w/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /p/ | /r/ | /s/ | /t/ | /u/ | /x/ | /t͡ɕ/ | /ɕ/ |
Letter | щ | ь | ю | ꙗ | ||||||||
Name | šča (щα) |
yař (ꙗрь) |
yun (юн) |
ya (ꙗ) | ||||||||
Numerical value | Ø | |||||||||||
Sound | /ɕt͡ɕ/ | /ʲ/ | /ju/ | /ja/ | ||||||||
Letters only used for their numerical value: | ||||||||||||
Letter | є | ѕ | ѳ | ѯ | ҁ | ѵ | ф | ѱ | ѡ | ѫ | ||
Numerical value | 5 | 6 | 9 | 60 | 90 | 400 | 500 | 700 | 800 | 900 | ||
Punctuation: | ||||||||||||
Punctuation mark | Function | |||||||||||
· | Separates words; equivalent to < > in the Latin script. | |||||||||||
։ | Separates sentences; equivalent to <.> in the Latin script. | |||||||||||
჻ | Separates paragraphs; equivalent to <¶> (the pilcrow) or indent in the Latin script. | |||||||||||
; | Marks interrogative sentences; equivalent to <?> in the Latin script. |
Notes:
- ↑ This is not counted as a separate letter in the alphabet, and is instead treated as a digraph between two separate letters.
- ↑ This is not counted as a separate letter in the alphabet, and is instead treated as a digraph between two separate letters.
- ↑ This is not counted as a separate letter in the alphabet, and is instead treated as a digraph between two separate letters.
- ↑ Descended from the <оу> digraph in OCS Cyrillic, which has since simplified to eliminate the <у> unlike in all Earth Cyrillic scripts. However, the letter retains the numerical value of <о> regardless of its descent from <оу>.
Grammar[]
Nominals[]
Tritonian Slavic has seven cases, three genders, and two numbers.
TBA
Noun declension[]
TBA
Adjectives[]
TBA
Numbers[]
The numeral system is initially a pretty straightforward decimal system in Tritonian Slavic, but numbers from 30-90 are expressed using vigesimal constructions. Cardinal numbers stop declining for gender once the number 4 is reached; however, ordinals never stop declining for gender as they are treated as adjectives and thus inflect like adjectives.
Number (written) | Number (spoken) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Arabic numeral | Cyrillic numeral | Cardinal | Ordinal |
1 | α | ꙗдин (yedin) (m.), ꙗдинα (yedena) ( f., n.) |
прови (prïvi) (m.), провαꙗ (provaya) (f.), |
2 | в | двα (dva) (m.), двьα (dvya) (f., n.) |
вотори (vutïri) (m.), воторαꙗ (vutoraya) (f.), |
3 | г | триıи (triyi) (m.), три (tri) (f., n.) |
трαти (treti) (m.), трαтиꙗꙗ (treteyaya) (f.), |
4 | д | хαтири (xetiri) | хαтвири (xetviri) (m.), хαтвирαꙗ (xetveraya) (f.), |
5 | є | пич (pič) | пити (piti) (m.), питαꙗ (petaya) (f.), |
6 | ѕ | хαсти (xesti) | хαсти (xesti) (m.), хαстαꙗ (xastaya) (f.), |
7 | ꙁ | шαдми (šedmi) | шαдми (šedmi) (m.), шαдмαꙗ (šadmaya) (f.), |
8 | и | осми (ïsmi) | осми (ïsmi) (m.), осмαꙗ (osmaya) (f.), |
9 | ѳ | дьαвич (jevič) | дьαвити (jeviti) (m.), дьαвитαꙗ (jevetaya) (f.), |
10 | ı | дьαсич (jesič) | дьαсити (jesiti) (m.), дьαситαꙗ (jesetaya) (f.), |
11 | αı | ꙗдинαн дьαсич (yedenan jesič) | провин дьαсич (prïvin jesič) (m.), провαꙗн дьαсич (provayan jesič) (f.), |
12 | вı | двαн дьαсич (dvan jesič) (m.), двьαн дьαсич (dvyan jesič) (f., n.) |
воторин дьαсич (vutïrin jesič) (m.), воторαꙗн дьαсич (vutorayan jesič) (f.), |
13 | гı | триıин дьαсич (triyin jesič) (m.), трин дьαсич (trin jesič) (f., n.) |
трαтин дьαсич (tretin jesič) (m.), трαтиꙗꙗн дьαсич (treteyayan jesič) (f.), |
14 | дı | хαтирин дьαсич (xetirin jesič) | хαтвирин дьαсич (xetvirin jesič) (m.), хαтвирαꙗн дьαсич (xetverayan jesič) (f.), |
15 | єı | пичαн дьαсич (pečan jesič) | питин дьαсич (pitin jesič) (m.), питαꙗн дьαсич (petayan jesič) (f.), |
16 | ѕı | хαстин дьαсич (xestin jesič) | хαстин дьαсич (xestin jesič) (m.), хαстαꙗн дьαсич (xastayan jesič) (f.), |
17 | ꙁı | шαдмин дьαсич (šedmin jesič) | шαдмин дьαсич (šedmin jesič) (m.), шαдмαꙗн дьαсич (šadmayan jesič) (f.), |
18 | иı | осмин дьαсич (ïsmin jesič) | осмин дьαсич (ïsmin jesič) (m.), осмαꙗн дьαсич (osmayan jesič) (f.), |
19 | ѳı | дьαвичαн дьαсич (jevečan jesič) | дьαситин дьαсич (jesitin jesič) (m.), дьαситαꙗн дьαсич (jesetayan jesič) (f.), |
20 | к | двαдьαсич (dvajesič) | двαдьαсични (dvajesični) (m.), двαдьαсичнαꙗ (dvajesičnaya) (f.), |
21 | кα | двαдьαсич и ꙗдин (dvajesič i yedin) (m.) двαдьαсич и ꙗдинα (dvajesič i yedina) (f., n.) |
двαдьαсични и прови (dvajesčtni i prïvi) (m.), двαдьαсичнαꙗ и провαꙗ (dvajesečnaya i provaya) (f.), |
22 | кв | двαдьαсич и двα (dvajesič i dva) (m.) двαдьαсич и двьα (dvajesič i dvya) (f., n.) |
двαдьαсични и вотори (dvajesični i vutïri) (m.), двαдьαсичнαꙗ и воторαꙗ (dvajesečnaya i vutoraya) (f.), |
30 | л | двαдьαсич и дьαсич | двαдьαсични и дьαсити (dvajesični i jesiti) (m.), двαдьαсичнαꙗ и дьαситαꙗ (dvajesečnaya i jesetaya) (f.), |
40 | м | двα двαдьαсич (dva dvajesič) | двα двαдьαсични (dva dvajesični) (m.), двα двαдьαсичнαꙗ (dva dvajesičnaya) (f.), |
50 | н | двα двαдьαсич и дьαсич (dva dvajesič) | двα двαдьαсични и дьαсити (dva dvajesični i jesiti) (m.), двα двαдьαсичнαꙗ и дьαситαꙗ (dva dvajesičnaya i jesetaya) (f.), |
60 | ѯ | триıи двαдьαсич (triyi dvajesič) | триıи двαдьαсични (triyi dvajesični) (m.), триıи двαдьαсичнαꙗ (triyi dvajesičnaya) (f.), |
TBA |
TBA
Verbs[]
TBA
Syntax[]
TBA
Lexicon[]
TBA
Example text[]
TBA
Footnotes[]
- ↑ The default word order is SVO; however, word order is generally free in Tritonian Slavic due to its pervasive case system and verb agreement.