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in: Languages, Umbrean, Admins Pick, Alien languages

Changes: Umbrean

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{{AdminPick}}
 +
{{private}}
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{{private}}
  
 
<!--{{construction}}-->
  
<!--{{construction}}-->
 
{{Progress
  
{{Progress
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:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  +
! Subject
−
! colspan=5 | Sentence
  
  +
! Postpositional
−
|-
  
  +
! Direct Object
−
| Subject<br />Noun Clause
  
  +
! Supine
−
| Direct Object<br />Noun Clause
  
  +
! Verb
−
| Postpositional
  
−
| Supine
  
−
| Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=5 | Transitive
  
−
|-
  
−
| Ergative
  
−
| Accusative
  
−
| Postpositional
  
−
| Supine
  
−
| Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=5 | Intransitive
  
−
|-
  
−
| colspan=2 | Intransitive
  
−
| Postpositional
  
−
| Supine
  
−
| Verb
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=6 | Noun Phrase
  
−
|-
  
−
| Relative Clause
  
−
| Postpositional Phrase
  
−
| Determiner
  
−
| Demonstrative
  
−
| Adjective
  
−
| Noun
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=2 | Relative Clause
  
−
|-
  
−
| Noun Phrase
  
−
| Verb Phrase<br />Participle
  
−
|}
  
−
:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=2 | Verb Phrase
  
−
|-
  
−
| Postpositional Phrase
  
−
| Verb
  
−
|}
  
−
:{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=2 | Postposition Phrase
  
−
|-
  
−
| Noun Phrase
  
−
| Postposition
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
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</nowiki>
  
</nowiki>
 
==== Consonants ====
  
==== Consonants ====
−
{|width="95%" class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=26 | Alphabet Diagraphs
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" |
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Bilabial
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Labiode.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Dental
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveol.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Postalve.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Retrofl.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Palatal
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Uvular
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Pharyn.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Epiglot.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Plosives
  
−
|colspan="1"|p<sup>j</sup> (pj)<br />p (p) p: (pp)
  
−
|colspan="1"|b (b) b: (bb)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="3"| (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)
  
−
|colspan="3"|d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|k (k) k: (kk)<br />k<sup>j</sup> (kj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|g<sup>j</sup> (gj)<br />g (g) g: (gg)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
 
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
 
−
|colspan="1"| t͡s (ts)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (tsj)
  
−
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz) d͡z
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j</sup>
  
−
|colspan="1"|ʃ (sh) ʃ: (shh)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (shj)--
  
−
|colspan="1"|ʒ (zh) ʒ: (zhh)<!--<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (zhj)-->
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|ç (sh) ç: (shh)<br>ç<sup>l</sup> (shl)<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (shj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|x (ch) x: (chh)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (chj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|h (h)
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Fric.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
 
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Nasals
  
−
|colspan="2"|m (m) m: (mm)<br>m<sup>j</sup> (mj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|ŋ (kn) ŋ (knn)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (knj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (knnj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Flaps / taps
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=3 | Glides
  
−
!scope="row"|Approxim.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row"|Lateral Appr.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|l<br>l<sup>j</sup> (lj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|}
  
−
{|width="95%" class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=26 | Alphabet Diatrics
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="col" colspan=2 width="100px" |
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Bilabial
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Labiode.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Dental
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Alveol.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Postalve.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Retrofl.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Palatal
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Velar
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Uvular
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Pharyn.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Epiglot.
  
−
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Glottal
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Plosives
  
−
|colspan="1"|p<sup>j</sup> (pj)<br />p (p) p: (pp)
  
−
|colspan="1"|b (b) b: (bb)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="3"|t (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)
  
−
|colspan="3"|d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|k (k) k: (kk)<br />k<sup>j</sup> (kj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|g<sup>j</sup> (gj)<br />g (g) g: (gg)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
 
−
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"| t͡s (Ş)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (Şj)
  
−
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz)
 
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Fricatives
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j
  
−
|colspan="1"|ʃ (Š) ʃ: (ŠŠ)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (Šj)-->
  
−
|colspan="1"|ʒ (Ž) ʒ: (ŽŽ)<!--<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (Žj)-->
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"|ç (Š) ç: (ŠŠ)<!--<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (Šj)-->
  
−
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"|x (Ğ) x: (ĞĞ)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (Ğj)
  
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ɣ (gs)-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="1"|h (h)
  
−
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Lateral Fric.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Nasals
  
−
|colspan="2"|m (m) m: (mm)<br>m<sup>j</sup> (mj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"| <!--ɲ (ñ) ɲ: (ññ)-->
  
−
|colspan="2"|ŋ (ŋ) ŋ (ŋŋ)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (ŋj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (ŋŋj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Trills
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row" colspan=2|Flaps / taps
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=3 | Glides
  
−
!scope="row"|Approxim.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|<!--j (j)-->
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row"|Lateral Appr.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="6"|<!--l (l)-->l<br>l<sup>j</sup> (lj)
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +velar-->
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +labiod-->
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|colspan="2"|
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
=====Palatalized homophones=====
  
−
Palatalized consonants are homophonic to consonants with an IPA j after them.
  
−
p<sup>j</sup>=pj
  
−  
−
<!--
  
 
{|width="95%" class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
{|width="95%" class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
 
! colspan=26 | Alphabet Diagraphs
  
! colspan=26 | Alphabet Diagraphs
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|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="3"|
  
|colspan="3"|
−
t<sup>l</sup> (tl)<br />t (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)<!--<br />t<sup>w</sup> (tw) t<sup>w</sup>: (ttw)
 +
t<sup>l</sup> (tl)<br />t (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)<!--<br />t<sup>w</sup> (tw) t<sup>w</sup>: (ttw)-->
−
|colspan="3"|d<sup>l</sup> (dl) d<sup>l</sup>: (ddl)<br />d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)<!--<br />d<sup>w</sup> (dw)
 +
|colspan="3"|d<sup>l</sup> (dl) d<sup>l</sup>: (ddl)<br />d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)<!--<br />d<sup>w</sup> (dw)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
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!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
  
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"| <!--b̪v (bv)
 +
|colspan="1"| <!--b̪v (bv)-->
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"| <!--t̪θ (tth) <br>t̪θ<sup>w</sup> (tthw)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 +
|colspan="1"| <!--t̪θ (tth) <br>t̪θ<sup>w</sup> (tthw)-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"| t͡s (ts)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (tsj)
  
|colspan="1"| t͡s (ts)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (tsj)
−
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz) d͡z<sup>l</sup> (dzl)
 +
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz)
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
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|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)<!--<br>f<sup>w</sup> (fw) f<sup>w</sup>: (ffw)
 +
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)<!--<br>f<sup>w</sup> (fw) f<sup>w</sup>: (ffw)-->
 
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)<br>v<sup>l</sup> (vl) v<sup>l</sup>: (vvl)
  
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)<br>v<sup>l</sup> (vl) v<sup>l</sup>: (vvl)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--θ (th)<br>θ<sup>j</sup> (thj)<br>θ<sup>w</sup> (thw)<br>θ<sup>l</sup> (thl)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--θ (th)<br>θ<sup>j</sup> (thj)<br>θ<sup>w</sup> (thw)<br>θ<sup>l</sup> (thl)-->
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ð (dh)<br>ð<sup>l</sup> (dhl)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ð (dh)<br>ð<sup>l</sup> (dhl)-->
−
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<!--<br>s<sup>w</sup> (sw) s<sup>w</sup>: (ssw)<br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)<br>s<sup>l</sup> (sl) s<sup>l</sup>: (ssl)
 +
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<!--<br>s<sup>w</sup> (sw) s<sup>w</sup>: (ssw)--><br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)<br>s<sup>l</sup> (sl) s<sup>l</sup>: (ssl)
 
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j</sup> (zl) z<sup>j</sup>: (zzl)
  
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j</sup> (zl) z<sup>j</sup>: (zzl)
−
|colspan="1"|ʃ (sh) ʃ: (shh)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>w</sup> (shw) ʃ<sup>w</sup>: (shhw) <br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (shj)
 +
|colspan="1"|ʃ (sh) ʃ: (shh)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>w</sup> (shw) ʃ<sup>w</sup>: (shhw) --><br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (shj)
 
|colspan="1"|ʒ (zh) ʒ: (zhh)<br>ʒ<sup>l</sup> (zhl)<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (zhj)
  
|colspan="1"|ʒ (zh) ʒ: (zhh)<br>ʒ<sup>l</sup> (zhl)<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (zhj)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ʂ (khs)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ʂ (khs)-->
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|ç (sh) ç: (shh)<br>ç<sup>l</sup> (shl)<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (shj)
  
|colspan="1"|ç (sh) ç: (shh)<br>ç<sup>l</sup> (shl)<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (shj)
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|x (ch) x: (chh)<br>x<sup>l</sup> (chl) x<sup>l</sup>: (chhl)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (chj)
  
|colspan="1"|x (ch) x: (chh)<br>x<sup>l</sup> (chl) x<sup>l</sup>: (chhl)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (chj)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ɣ (gs)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ɣ (gs)-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="1"|h (h)<!--<br>h<sup>w</sup> (wh)
 +
|colspan="1"|h (h)<!--<br>h<sup>w</sup> (wh)-->
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|-
  
|-
Line 587: Line 193:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="6"|l
+
|colspan="6"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 601: Line 207:
 
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)<br>n<sup>l</sup> (nl) n<sup>l</sup>: (nnl)
  
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)<br>n<sup>l</sup> (nl) n<sup>l</sup>: (nnl)
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"| <!--ɲ (ñ) ɲ: (ññ)
 +
|colspan="2"|ɲ (ñ) ɲ: (ññ)
 
|colspan="2"|ŋ (kn) ŋ (knn)<br>ŋ<sup>l</sup> (knl)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (knj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (knnj)
  
|colspan="2"|ŋ (kn) ŋ (knn)<br>ŋ<sup>l</sup> (knl)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (knj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (knnj)
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 638: Line 244:
 
|colspan="6"|
  
|colspan="6"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--j (j)
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--j (j)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 648: Line 254:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="6"|<!--l (l)l
+
|colspan="6"|<!--l (l)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 659: Line 265:
 
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
  
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +velar
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +velar-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 665: Line 271:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +labiod
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +labiod-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 693: Line 299:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="3"|
  
|colspan="3"|
−
t<sup>l</sup> (tl)<br />t (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)<!--<br />t<sup>w</sup> (tw) t<sup>w</sup>: (ttw)
 +
t<sup>l</sup> (tl)<br />t (t) t: (tt)<br />t<sup>j</sup> (tj) t<sup>j</sup>: (ttj)<!--<br />t<sup>w</sup> (tw) t<sup>w</sup>: (ttw)-->
−
|colspan="3"|d<sup>l</sup> (dl) d<sup>l</sup>: (ddl)<br />d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)<!--<br />d<sup>w</sup> (dw)
 +
|colspan="3"|d<sup>l</sup> (dl) d<sup>l</sup>: (ddl)<br />d (d) d: (dd)<br />d<sup>j</sup> (dj)<!--<br />d<sup>w</sup> (dw)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 707: Line 313:
 
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
  
!scope="row" colspan=2|Affricates
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"| <!--b̪v (bv)
 +
|colspan="1"| <!--b̪v (bv)-->
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"| <!--t̪θ (tth) <br>t̪θ<sup>w</sup> (tthw)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 +
|colspan="1"| <!--t̪θ (tth) <br>t̪θ<sup>w</sup> (tthw)-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"| t͡s (Ş)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (Şj)
  
|colspan="1"| t͡s (Ş)<br>t͡s<sup>j</sup> (Şj)
−
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz) d͡z<sup>l</sup> (dzl)
 +
|colspan="1"| d͡z (dz)
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
Line 734: Line 340:
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
−
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)<!--<br>f<sup>w</sup> (fw) f<sup>w</sup>: (ffw)
 +
|colspan="1"|f (f) f: (ff)<br>f<sup>j</sup> (fj) f<sup>j</sup>: (ffj)<!--<br>f<sup>w</sup> (fw) f<sup>w</sup>: (ffw)-->
 
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)<br>v<sup>l</sup> (vl) v<sup>l</sup>: (vvl)
  
|colspan="1"|v (v) v: (vv)<br>v<sup>j</sup> (vj)<br>v<sup>l</sup> (vl) v<sup>l</sup>: (vvl)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--θ (th)<br>θ<sup>j</sup> (thj)<br>θ<sup>w</sup> (thw)<br>θ<sup>l</sup> (thl)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--θ (th)<br>θ<sup>j</sup> (thj)<br>θ<sup>w</sup> (thw)<br>θ<sup>l</sup> (thl)-->
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ð (dh)<br>ð<sup>l</sup> (dhl)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ð (dh)<br>ð<sup>l</sup> (dhl)-->
−
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<!--<br>s<sup>w</sup> (sw) s<sup>w</sup>: (ssw)<br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)<br>s<sup>l</sup> (sl) s<sup>l</sup>: (ssl)
 +
|colspan="1"|s (s) s: (ss)<!--<br>s<sup>w</sup> (sw) s<sup>w</sup>: (ssw)--><br>s<sup>j</sup> (sj) s<sup>j</sup>: (ssj)<br>s<sup>l</sup> (sl) s<sup>l</sup>: (ssl)
 
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j</sup> (zl) z<sup>j</sup>: (zzl)
  
|colspan="1"|z (z) z: (zz)<br>z<sup>j</sup> (zl) z<sup>j</sup>: (zzl)
−
|colspan="1"|ʃ (Š) ʃ: (ŠŠ)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>w</sup> (shw) ʃ<sup>w</sup>: (shhw) <br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (Šj)
 +
|colspan="1"|ʃ (Š) ʃ: (ŠŠ)<!--<br>ʃ<sup>w</sup> (shw) ʃ<sup>w</sup>: (shhw) --><br>ʃ<sup>j</sup> (Šj)
 
|colspan="1"|ʒ (Ž) ʒ: (ŽŽ)<br>ʒ<sup>l</sup> (Žl)<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (Žj)
  
|colspan="1"|ʒ (Ž) ʒ: (ŽŽ)<br>ʒ<sup>l</sup> (Žl)<br>ʒ<sup>j</sup> (Žj)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ʂ (khs)
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ʂ (khs)-->
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|ç (Š) ç: (ŠŠ)<br>ç<sup>l</sup> (Šl)<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (Šj)
  
|colspan="1"|ç (Š) ç: (ŠŠ)<br>ç<sup>l</sup> (Šl)<br>ç<sup>j</sup> (Šj)
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|x (Ğ) x: (ĞĞ)<br>x<sup>l</sup> (Ğl) x<sup>l</sup>: (ĞĞl)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (Ğj)
  
|colspan="1"|x (Ğ) x: (ĞĞ)<br>x<sup>l</sup> (Ğl) x<sup>l</sup>: (ĞĞl)<br>x<sup>j</sup> (Ğj)
−
|colspan="1"|<!--ɣ (gs)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 +
|colspan="1"|<!--ɣ (gs)-->&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="1"|
  
|colspan="1"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="1"|h (h)<!--<br>h<sup>w</sup> (wh)
 +
|colspan="1"|h (h)<!--<br>h<sup>w</sup> (wh)-->
 
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  
|colspan="1"|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
|-
  
|-
Line 772: Line 378:
 
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)<br>n<sup>l</sup> (nl) n<sup>l</sup>: (nnl)
  
|colspan="6"|n (n) n: (nn)<br>n<sup>l</sup> (nl) n<sup>l</sup>: (nnl)
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"| <!--ɲ (ñ) ɲ: (ññ)
 +
|colspan="2"|ɲ (ñ) ɲ: (ññ)
 
|colspan="2"|ŋ (ŋ) ŋ (ŋŋ)<br>ŋ<sup>l</sup> (ŋl)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (ŋj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (ŋŋj)
  
|colspan="2"|ŋ (ŋ) ŋ (ŋŋ)<br>ŋ<sup>l</sup> (ŋl)<br>ŋ<sup>j</sup> (ŋj) ŋ<sup>j</sup>: (ŋŋj)
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 809: Line 415:
 
|colspan="6"|
  
|colspan="6"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--j (j)
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--j (j)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 819: Line 425:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="6"|<!--l (l)
 +
|colspan="6"|<!--l (l)-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 830: Line 436:
 
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
  
!scope="row"|Co-art. approx.
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +velar
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +velar-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 836: Line 442:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
−
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +labiod
 +
|colspan="2"|<!--w (w) +labiod-->
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
Line 842: Line 448:
 
|colspan="2"|
  
|colspan="2"|
 
|}
  
|}
−
-->
  
   
 
====Vowels====
  
====Vowels====
Line 917: Line 522:
 
Length: The length of a vowel is shown by the amount, two identical vowels next to each other indicate a long vowel unless colliding with diphthongs in which it takes presidence over the length
  
Length: The length of a vowel is shown by the amount, two identical vowels next to each other indicate a long vowel unless colliding with diphthongs in which it takes presidence over the length
   
−
=====Diphthongs=====
 +
===Diphthongs===
−
{|class=wikitable
 +
<!--{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:500px;"
  +
|+<big>'''Pronunciation of Umbrean Alphabet'''</big>
−
! Umbrean
  
  +
!letters
−
! Ipa
  
  +
!IPA
  +
!letters
  +
!IPA
  +
|-
  +
|aü
  +
|aw
  +
|üw
  +
|uw
 
|-
  
|-
−
|ëi
 +
|ei
  +
|ei
  +
|ëj/ëj
 
|ɛj
  
|ɛj
 
|-
  
|-
−
|io
 +
|ua
−
|jo
 +
|ʉa
−
|-
 +
|oj
−
|ia
 +
|ɔj
−
|ja
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
|aj
  +
|aj
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
  +
-->
  +
<!--
  +
===Mutations===
  +
These occur in order to keep the phonotactic correct for many endings on a natural basis.
  +
#Fricative: In case of a fricative ending in a word and voiceness is mismatched it changes to fit
  +
#Nasal: If it occurs near fricative or plosive due to suffix the fricative or plosive changes to be voiced
  +
#If its liquid the fricative or plosive becomes unvoiced
  +
#If the fricative does not have a voiced match it will either go to the nearest similar plosive or fricative that matches the requirement
  +
#Platalized stops getting near nasals become their normal counterpart
  +
#Labialized near fricatives becomes platalized counter part, exception being qw becoming q
  +
-->
   
 
==Phonotactics==
  
==Phonotactics==
−
Possible syllables, note that the consonants in front of the vowel and behind it, are independent. Palatalized consonants comes before a vowel.
 +
Possible syllables, note that the consonants in front of the vowel and behind it, are independent.
 
{| class=wikitable style="width: 200px;text-align: center;"
  
{| class=wikitable style="width: 200px;text-align: center;"
 
! colspan=5 | Syllable Structure
  
! colspan=5 | Syllable Structure
Line 979: Line 597:
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
 
| Affricative
  
| Affricative
−
| Nasal - n
 +
| Nasal
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Nasal
  
| Nasal
Line 994: Line 612:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Affricative
  
| Affricative
−
| Nasal - n
 +
| Nasal
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
 
| Fricative
  
| Fricative
Line 1,008: Line 626:
 
| Fricative
  
| Fricative
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
  +
|
−
|Fricative
  
  +
|
−
|Lateral
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Plosive
  
| Plosive
 
| Plosive
  
| Plosive
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
  +
|
−
|Lateral
  
  +
|
−
|Fricative
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Fricative
  
| Fricative
 
| Fricative
  
| Fricative
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
  +
|
−
|Latera
  
  +
|
−
|Affricative
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Fricative
  
| Fricative
 
| Plosive
  
| Plosive
−
| Vowel
  
−
|Voiced<br />Affricative
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
|-
  
−
|Plosive
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
| Vowel
  
−
|Nasal
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
|-
  
−
|Fricative
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
| Vowel
  
−
|Plosive
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
|-
  
−
| Voiced<br />Affricative
  
−
| Lateral
  
−
| Vowel
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Nasal
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
| Vowel
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
|Lateral
  
−
|Nasal
  
 
| Vowel
  
| Vowel
 
|
  
|
Line 1,070: Line 658:
 
'''<big>Notice, tables here and on [[w:c:conlangdictionary:category:umbrean|Contionary]] may differ and in such an event go by those on Contionary and please copy them over here as they are more frequently updated to changes than these are, spellings of words are the same.</big>'''
 
'''<big>Notice, tables here and on [[w:c:conlangdictionary:category:umbrean|Contionary]] may differ and in such an event go by those on Contionary and please copy them over here as they are more frequently updated to changes than these are, spellings of words are the same.</big>'''
   
  +
Verbal structure, bold isn't always present:
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
|Verb<!-- -'''Voice/Mood''' -'''Benificative'''-'''[[#Instrumental applicative|Instrumental]]'''--><!-- -'''Evidentiality'''-->-Tempus-Person<!-- |Tense/Aspect-'''[[Umbrean#Declension|Declension]]''' -->
  +
|}
   
   
Line 1,094: Line 686:
 
| -
  
| -
 
| -
  
| -
−
| Focus on the Agent<br>
 +
| Focus on the Agent
−
Deletes patient
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! Passive
  
! Passive
Line 1,101: Line 692:
 
| Intransitive
  
| Intransitive
 
| -
  
| -
−
| Focus on Patient<br>
 +
| Focus on Patient
−
Deletes Agent
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! Applicative Voice
  
! Applicative Voice
Line 1,118: Line 708:
 
*The true subject is unknown
  
*The true subject is unknown
 
|}
  
|}
  +
<!--
−  
  +
====Active-Passive====
−  
  +
Active and passive voice as dealt with by case changes, in passive the subject of the transitive verb takes on dative case and object takes on intransitive case
−
===Transitivity===
  
  +
====Middle Voice====
−  
  +
The verb is treated as intransitive but the noun is in reflexive case
−  
  +
*To indicate it was done to, by them/itself
−
===Verb Agreement===
  
  +
*That an event occures to the object for no reason or seemingly so.
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
  +
*The true subject is unknown
−
! colspan=11 | Magical
  
  +
-->
  +
<!--In Umbrean there are 3 voices and 7 moods decided a suffix placed right after the verb, to passivize it one simply put the object in subject case (ergative) and subject into indirect object case (dative).
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;float:left;"
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
  +
!colspan="3"|Voice
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
 +
!Active
  +
!Passive
  +
!Middle
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
!rowspan="6"|Mood
  +
!Indicative
  +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"| -
  +
| -dwe
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Imperative
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" |-böch
  +
| -aki
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Continuative
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Hypothetical
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
  +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"| -gnuu
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -nim
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üs
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üsn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üvz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amsü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmjü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -assjü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üdz
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Potensial<br />Optative
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"| -hañ
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ös
  
  +
| -wabf
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evvö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -almjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -elşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -özz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üşjö
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Dubitative
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
  +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"| -mi
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -segs
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üüv
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üss
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üş
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Conditional
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"| -khsy
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ö
  
  +
| -myl
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ön
  
  +
|}-->
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üvvö
  
  +
<!--in Umbrean voice and mood is combined into one word that is placed in front of the verb, the "Djiv' and "Xrë" can be excluded in many cases because if a verb usually occurs only in transitive form in which object is left out and dative form appears it is clear one is making it
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amöö
  
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;float:left;"
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üşö
  
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öz
  
  +
!colspan="3"|Voice
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üssö
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Active
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
  +
!Passive
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
!Middle
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üm
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ümŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üüvn
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amjü
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşnn
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üsn
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşm
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!rowspan="7"|Mood
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
!Indicative
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öm
  
  +
|(Djiv')
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömn
  
  +
|(Xrë)
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üvmjö
  
  +
|Dwe
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amöö
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -özm
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üsmö
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Imperative
−
! colspan=9 | '''Passive Voice'''
  
  +
|Bav
  +
|Qwök
  +
|Ak
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Hypothetical
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
|Can
  +
|Muual
  +
|Nim
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Potensial<br />Optative
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
  +
|Heñ
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
  +
|Xaj
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
  +
|Waf
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Continuative
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Dubitative
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
  +
|Mim
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|Z'yy
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üzl
  
  +
|Sér
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üzŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üzd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ümn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üşmiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üdzi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üdziz
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Interrogative
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
|Twej
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -özl
  
  +
|Tyq
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ozmjë
  
  +
|Ñac
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -özd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amzlöö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üşöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ödzi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -idzöz
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Conditional
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
  +
|Xryf
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|Gaz
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üvl
  
  +
|Myl
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üvvŋ
  
  +
|}-->
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üvd
  
  +
<!--
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amvlü
  
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;float:middle;"
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üşliv
  
  +
!colspan="1"|Mood
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üüvl
  
  +
!colspan="1"|Description
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üdziv
  
  +
!colspan="1"|Example
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Indicative
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
|It is factual.
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övl
  
  +
|"I walked to my job"
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -yft
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amvlöö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -yşlöv
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ölvv
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ysöv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Imperative
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
  +
|Statement, Demanding
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|"Lets go!"
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üžl
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üžŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üžd
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ažmjü
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşmež
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üdže
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üdziž
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Hypothetical
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
|It is hypothetical
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -özl
  
  +
|"You could have walked to your job"
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öžn
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ožd
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öžmjo
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmöž
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ödže
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -edzöž
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Potensial<br />Optative
−
! colspan=9 | '''Anti-Passive Voice'''
  
  +
|It is likely<br />Wish/Desire
  +
|"I will probably go there"<br />"I want to go there"
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Dubitative
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
|It is uncertain/doubtful
  +
|"I doubt you walked to your job"
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Interrogative
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
  +
|Its a question
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
  +
|"Did you walk to your job?"
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Continuative
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Conditional
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
  +
|Its a condition
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|"I would walk to your job....."
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ükl
  
  +
|}-->
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üǧŋ
  
  +
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ügvv
  
  +
<!--
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amglü
  
  +
===Evidentiality===
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -işmük
  
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üsk
  
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="1"|Evidence
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üşki
  
  +
!colspan="1"|Suffix
  +
!colspan="1"|Example
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|None-witness
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
!Second Hand
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -okl
  
  +
| -höj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öǧŋ
  
  +
|He did it, '''i heard it from the witness'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öfk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omgö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmgy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşki
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Others, quotation, saying
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
  +
| -ine
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|He did it, '''i heard it from the person who heard it from the witness'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ütl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üsn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üst
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amtlü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmmlü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üsti
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üdzly
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!rowspan="3"|Witness
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
!Visual
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ötl
  
  +
| -
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösn
  
  +
|He did it, '''i saw it myself'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -özzd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amjötl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmlö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osstlö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşli
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!None-Visual
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
  +
| -wóa
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
|He did it, '''i sensed it'''
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üpl
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üffm
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üfp
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amplü
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -afmü
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üsp
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşpi
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Inferential
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
| -gó
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öpl
  
  +
|He did it, '''all evidence points to it'''
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öfm
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övb
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omplö
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -afmjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösp
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşpi
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Applicative Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Continuative
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üfl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üfmjy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ifpü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ümfe
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -yşmüf
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eflüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üşjip
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öfl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öfmjy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ifpö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömfe
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -yşmöf
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -efljött
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşip
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üsl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üsny
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -istü
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ünsse
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -yşmüs
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eslüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üşjit
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösny
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -istjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -önsse
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -yşmös
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eslöt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşit
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üǧl
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üǧŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -iǧkü
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üŋǧe
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -yşmüǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eǧlüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üşjik
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öǧl
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öǧŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -iǧkö
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öŋǧe
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -yşmmöǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eǧljöt
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşig
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Imperative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Continuative
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Polite'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Order'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Demand'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
-->
 
<!--
  
<!--
  +
===Instrumental applicative===
−
====Magical====
  
  +
Verbs can be said how they are done between chaotic and orderly, forced or willingly
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
  +
{{Um-Instrumental
−
! colspan=11 | Magical
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşeg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avjegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amiig
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asseg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ateeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -annëg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avvëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amëzg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşjëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -assëgj
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amis
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -assji
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşi
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -annö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avvö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -asös
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -asjni
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avvis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amiiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -atii
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |atiis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -annës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avvlës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -assjë
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -asësj
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ameǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aneg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aveeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ameesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ameeşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -azjeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -adzeeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -anëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avvëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ammësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ammësǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -adzëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asözee
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ame
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -anle
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ave
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ames
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ameş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -azjëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -adzee
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -anlë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avvë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amës
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ammëş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -adzë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -asöze
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ammis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -anlesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ameşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -adjëës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -adzis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amiis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -anlëss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avvës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amëşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -adzës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -azzis
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Anti-Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmük
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asnedd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avükt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amügd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -assetj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -adzüg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amagj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asnag
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avadgg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üstög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşjög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asjet
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -döttk
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşmüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -asnüd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amüst
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -assjütj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -adzü
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amat
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -asna
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avatt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üstö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -asöt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -dött
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -asnüdz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amüsti
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -assjüşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -adzüs
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -asnas
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üzdöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müşjöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -asöş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -döstt
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Applicative Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |aşŋŋygj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avŋjyt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amiŋyp
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -assŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşŋyt
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşmŋögj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aŋŋög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -avŋit
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amöfŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -amŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -asŋigj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aşŋjift
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşmŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avŋjy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ammiŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -assŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşŋy
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşmŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aŋŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -avŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amöŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -amŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -assŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -aşŋjif
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amöŋyf
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amŋyss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -assŋyzd
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşŋys
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşmŋözj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aŋŋöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -avŋidz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amöŋyff
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -amŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -assŋist
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -aşŋjifss
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Imperative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Polite'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aft
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -aftö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Order'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Demand'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|}
  
   
  +
|word = -
  +
|orderly = yc
  +
|willing = o
  +
|normal = iñ
  +
|chaotic = am
  +
|neutral = ó
  +
|threethree = -
  +
|forceful = u
  +
}}
   
−
====Living====
 +
===Benificative===
  +
Is it to the subjects benifit or the very opposite?
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
−
! colspan=11 | Living
  
  +
! Benifitial
  +
| -ëbji
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Neutral
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
  
  +
| -
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Antibenifitial
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -dadja
  +
|}
  +
-->
  +
<!--
  +
===Comperative/Intensifier===
  +
One can use these to say one did a verb to a further extent
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!
  +
!Larger/Greater
  +
!Smaller/Lesser
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Base
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Comparative 1
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
  +
| -eró
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -api
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşeg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övjegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömiig
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -össeg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öteeg
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Comparative 2
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
| -éfá
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmëgj
  
  +
| -ufla
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -önnëg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övvëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömëzg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşjëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -össëgj
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Comparative 3
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
  +
| -akon
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -oly
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömis
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -össji
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşi
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Superlative
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
  +
| -onqi
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömö
  
  +
| -yla
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -önnö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övvö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösös
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösjni
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övvis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömiiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ötii
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ötiis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -önnës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övvlës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -össjë
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösësj
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öneg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öveeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömeesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömeeşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -özjeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ödzeeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -önëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övvëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömmësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömmësǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ödzëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösözee
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -önle
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öve
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömes
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömeş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -özjëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ödzee
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -önlë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övvë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömës
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömmëş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ödzë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösöze
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -önlesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömeşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ödjëës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ödzis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömiis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -önlëss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övvës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömëşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ödzës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -özzis
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Anti-Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmük
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösnedd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övükt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömügd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -össetj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ödzüg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömagj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösnag
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övadgg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üstög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşjög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösjet
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -döttk
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşmüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösnüd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömüst
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -össjütj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ödzü
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömat
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösna
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övatt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üstö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ösöt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -dött
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösnüdz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömüsti
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -össjüşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ödzüs
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösnas
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üzdöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müşjöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ösöş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -döstt
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Applicative Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |aşŋŋygj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övŋjyt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömiŋyp
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -össŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşŋyt
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşmŋögj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öŋŋög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -övŋit
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömöfŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ömŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ösŋigj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öşŋjift
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşmŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övŋjy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömmiŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -össŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşŋy
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşmŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öŋŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -övŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömöŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ömŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -össŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -öşŋjif
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömöŋyf
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömŋyss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -össŋyzd
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşŋys
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşmŋözj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öŋŋöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -övŋidz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömöŋyff
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ömŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -össŋist
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -öşŋjifss
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Imperative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Polite'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öft
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -öftö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Order'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Demand'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
-->
   
  +
===Transitivity===
  +
A verbs transitivity can be altered through suffixes prior to the tempus' suffix
   
  +
<!--
−  
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
−
====Artificial====
  
  +
! Transitivity
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
  +
! Suffix
−
! colspan=11 | Artificial
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| Intransitive
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
  
  +
| -öǧ
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| Transitive
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -až
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| Ditransitive
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
  +
| -udl
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşeg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evjegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emiig
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esseg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eteeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ennëg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evvëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emëzg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşjëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -essëgj
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evl
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emis
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -essji
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşi
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ennö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evvö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -esös
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -esjni
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evvis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emiiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -etii
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -etiis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ennës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evvlës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -essjë
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -esësj
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eneg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eveeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emeesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emeeşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ezjeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -edzeeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -enëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evvëǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emmësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emmësǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -edzëgj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esözee
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -enle
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eve
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emes
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emeş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ezjëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -edzee
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -enlë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evvë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emës
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emmëş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -edzë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -esöze
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -enlesj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emeşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -edjëës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -edzis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emiis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -enlëss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evvës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emësj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emëşi
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -edzës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ezzis
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Anti-Passive Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmük
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esnedd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evükt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emügd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -essetj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -edzüg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emagj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esnag
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evadgg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üstög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşjög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esjet
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -döttk
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -esnüd
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evüt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emüst
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müş
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -essjütj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -edzü
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emat
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -esna
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evatt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üstö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -esöt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -dött
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -esnüdz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evüş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emüsti
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -essjüşj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -edzüs
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -esnas
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evaş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üzdöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müşjöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -esöş
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -döstt
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Applicative Voice'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |aşŋŋygj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evŋjyt
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emiŋyp
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -essŋyk
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşŋyt
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşmŋögj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eŋŋög
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -evŋit
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emöfŋ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -emŋyg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -esŋigj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eşŋjift
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evŋjy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emmiŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -essŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşŋy
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşmŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eŋŋö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -evŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emöŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -emŋŋy
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -essŋi
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -eşŋjif
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evŋyz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emöŋyf
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emŋyss
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -essŋyzd
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşŋys
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşmŋözj
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eŋŋöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -evŋidz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emöŋyff
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -emŋŋys
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -essŋist
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -eşŋjifss
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | '''Imperative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Polite'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eft
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -eftö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Order'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Demand'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
-->
   
  +
===Verb Agreement===
  +
====Magical====
   
−  
−
====Non-Moving====
  
 
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
−
! colspan=11 | Non-Moving
 +
! colspan=11 | Magical (-av)
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
 +
! colspan=11 | Active Voice
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
! colspan=11 | '''Agent'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmegj
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşeg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovjegj
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omiig
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osseg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oteeg
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmëgj
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -onnëg
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovvëë
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omëzg
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmë
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşjëgj
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ossëgj
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivvas
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşm
  
  +
| -indzüş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşŋ
  
  +
| -avliş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovl
  
  +
| -müvves
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omis
  
  +
| -monnaş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmm
  
  +
| -omaiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ossji
  
  +
| -safiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşi
  
  +
| -esnat
  +
| -şaiş
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  +
| -efjoss
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omö
  
  +
| -idzësit
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -onnö
  
  +
| -ësjit
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovvö
  
  +
| -müvët
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omöz
  
  +
| -monnëz
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmö
  
  +
| -omësji
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşjö
  
  +
| -saviiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osös
  
  +
| -işneziş
  +
| -şediş
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  +
| -evžëës
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -indössiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmis
  
  +
| -aššuş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -osjni
  
  +
| -movžit
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovvis
  
  +
| -montës
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omiiz
  
  +
| -omašöş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmiz
  
  +
| -savëšiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -otii
  
  +
| -işnšëiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -otiis
  
  +
| -şafšëiş
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ifjǧyt
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omës
  
  +
| -andyǧs
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -onnës
  
  +
| -avyism
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovvlës
  
  +
| -müvmiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omëz
  
  +
| -monmiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmëz
  
  +
| -omyşm
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ossjë
  
  +
| -şavmë
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -osësj
  
  +
| -işnmy
  +
| -tasyme
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | '''Passive Voice'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivoşŋ
  +
| -inşnos
  +
| -avŋit
  +
| -müvŋiş
  +
| -monŋi
  +
| -omavŋ
  +
| -şavŋit
  +
| -isnoss
  +
| -şaŋif
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivdjaş
  +
| -idjas
  +
| -azdjas
  +
| -müvdjiş
  +
| -momdois
  +
| -omaaş
  +
| -şazdjat
  +
| -insadit
  +
| -tavviit
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivevşi
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
  +
| -inzuvs
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
  +
| -avevi
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
  +
| -myviss
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
  +
| -monëvi
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
  +
| -omave
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
  +
| -şavët
  +
| -isnevi
  +
| -şaviş
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -iviiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omeǧ
  
  +
| -inöitt
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oneg
  
  +
| -avöitt
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oveeǧ
  
  +
| -müvös
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omeesj
  
  +
| -monëş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omeeşj
  
  +
| -ömvëş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ozjeǧ
  
  +
| -šavëss
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -odzeeg
  
  +
| -aşmës
  +
| -şivës
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  +
| -ivdjiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omëǧ
  
  +
| -inëşm
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -onëgj
  
  +
| -avzjiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovvëǧ
  
  +
| -müvëş
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ommësj
  
  +
|
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ommësǧ
  
  +
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -odzëgj
  
  +
-monëdz
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osözee
  
  +
| -ömavëss
  +
| -šavözj
  +
| -adzëzzj
  +
| -şivëzz
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  +
| -ivëšši
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -inëëšis
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ome
  
  +
| -avëëşm
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -onle
  
  +
| -müvvžyş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ove
  
  +
| -monööş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omes
  
  +
| -omafšëi
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omeş
  
  +
| -šavëššy
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ozjëë
  
  +
| -aşmëss
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -odzee
  
  +
| -şivöšee
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ivëǧis
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omë
  
  +
| -inyǧys
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -onlë
  
  +
| -fyǧiss
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovvë
  
  +
| -mügviş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omës
  
  +
| -mongit
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ommëş
  
  +
| -omygvit
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -odzë
  
  +
| -aşmyymiş
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osöze
  
  +
| -aşmöǧmiş
  +
| -ivvymisš
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivöŋiiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -inŋoş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ommis
  
  +
| -avöŋŋiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -onlesj
  
  +
| -müvŋiş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovis
  
  +
| -monŋoş
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omis
  
  +
| -ömaǧoz
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omeşi
  
  +
| -šavöŋŋiz
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -odjëës
  
  +
| -amöŋiz
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -odzis
  
  +
| -şivgiş
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivattiid
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omiis
  
  +
| -iñödiid
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -onlëss
  
  +
| -avödiidz
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovvës
  
  +
| -müvbii
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omësj
  
  +
| -mondii
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omëşi
  
  +
| -ömaždii
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -odzës
  
  +
| -šavödlaz
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ozzis
  
  +
| -aşmödiz
  +
| -idzvödiiz
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | '''Anti-Passive Voice'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivëvvid
  +
| -innëvid
  +
| -avëvid
  +
| -müvviş
  +
| -monëëş
  +
| -ömvëvid
  +
| -savviss
  +
| -admëfis
  +
| -şiëviş
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmük
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osnedd
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovükt
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omügd
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşegj
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ossetj
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -odzüg
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omagj
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivla
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osnag
  
  +
| -indzü
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovadgg
  
  +
| -av
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -üstög
  
  +
| -müvva
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -müşjög
  
  +
| -monn
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osjet
  
  +
| -omav
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -döttk
  
  +
| -şavl
  +
| -işnna
  +
| -şaf
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
  +
| -efjës
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -indzës
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmüt
  
  +
| -ësj
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osnüd
  
  +
| -müvët
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovüt
  
  +
| -monnëz
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omüst
  
  +
| -omaësj
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müş
  
  +
| -savëz
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ossjütj
  
  +
| -işnësj
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -odzü
  
  +
| -şaëd
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
  +
| -evžë
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omat
  
  +
| -indösšë
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osna
  
  +
| -afšë
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovatt
  
  +
| -movvž
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -üstö
  
  +
| -monšë
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -müşjö
  
  +
| -omašë
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -osöt
  
  +
| -savëš
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -dött
  
  +
| -işnšë
  +
| -şafšë
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ivlyǧ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -andyǧ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmüş
  
  +
| -avyǧm
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -osnüdz
  
  +
| -müvvym
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovüş
  
  +
| -monym
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omüsti
  
  +
| -omym
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müss
  
  +
| -şavvym
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ossjüşj
  
  +
| -işnymm
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -odzüs
  
  +
| -tasym
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivoŋ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omaş
  
  +
| -inşno
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -osnas
  
  +
| -avŋo
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovaş
  
  +
| -müüvoŋ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -üzdöz
  
  +
| -monoŋ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -müşjöz
  
  +
| -omavoŋ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -osöş
  
  +
| -şavvoŋ
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -döstt
  
  +
| -isnoŋ
  +
| -şaoŋ
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | '''Applicative Voice'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivldja
  +
| -indja
  +
| -avdja
  +
| -müvadj
  +
| -mondjo
  +
| -omadja
  +
| -şavdja
  +
| -isnadj
  +
| -tavja
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivleef
  +
| -inzuef
  +
| -avef
  +
| -myvvef
  +
| -monev
  +
| -omave
  +
| -şavlë
  +
| -isnef
  +
| -şavvë
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivaö
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
  +
| -innö
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
  +
| -avö
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
  
  +
| -müvö
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
  +
| -monö
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
  +
| -ömav
  +
| -šavvö
  +
| -aşmö
  +
| -şivö
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
  +
| -iivëdj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -innës
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmŋyg
  
  +
| -avësj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |aşŋŋygj
  
  +
| -müvëë
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovŋjyt
  
  +
| -monëzj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omiŋyp
  
  +
| -ömavës
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omŋyk
  
  +
| -šavvösj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ossŋyk
  
  +
| -adzësj
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşŋyt
  
  +
| -şivëz
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
  +
| -ivöš
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşmŋögj
  
  +
| -inöš
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oŋŋög
  
  +
| -avëš
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -ovŋit
  
  +
| -müvvöšy
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omöfŋ
  
  +
| -moonöš
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -omŋyg
  
  +
| -omafšë
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -osŋigj
  
  +
| -šavëš
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oşŋjift
  
  +
| -aşmösse
  +
| -şivöšš
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ivëǧm
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -inyyǧ
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmŋy
  
  +
| -affyǧm
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşŋŋy
  
  +
| -müvögv
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovŋjy
  
  +
| -monyg
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ommiŋy
  
  +
| -omygv
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omŋy
  
  +
| -aşmyym
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ossŋy
  
  +
| -aşmöǧm
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşŋy
  
  +
| -şivvym
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivöŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşmŋö
  
  +
| -inŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oŋŋö
  
  +
| -avööŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ovŋi
  
  +
| -müvöŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omöŋy
  
  +
| -monöŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -omŋŋy
  
  +
| -ömaǧŋo
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -ossŋi
  
  +
| -šavöŋŋ
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | -oşŋjif
  
  +
| -aşmmöŋ
  +
| -şivög
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Fütüre'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivattja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
  +
| -iñödja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmŋyz
  
  +
| -avödja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşŋŋys
  
  +
| -müvbja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovŋyz
  
  +
| -mondja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omöŋyf
  
  +
| -ömaždja
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omŋyss
  
  +
| -šavödla
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ossŋyzd
  
  +
| -aşmödj
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşŋys
  
  +
| -idzvödja
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivëf
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşmŋözj
  
  +
| -innëv
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oŋŋöz
  
  +
| -avëf
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ovŋidz
  
  +
| -müvëv
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omöŋyff
  
  +
| -monë
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -omŋŋys
  
  +
| -ömavef
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -ossŋist
  
  +
| -saavëf
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | -oşŋjifss
  
  +
| -aşmëf
  +
| -şiivëf
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=9 | '''Imperative'''
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | ‘‘‘Continuative’’’
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
 +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Polite'''
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
 +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivjaöd
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oft
  
  +
| -andüüdl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -avjüdl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -müüdl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -omdla
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -omadl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -şabüd
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -işmü
  +
| -dzaš
 
|-
  
|-
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
 +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
  +
| -efjödl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | -oftö
  
  +
| -inzöd
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -ösjüdl
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
| -müvütü
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
  +
|
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Order'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Demand'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 |
  
−
|}
  
−
-->
  
   
  +
-mënöt
−
===Infinitive===
  
  +
| -omaësjüdl
−  
  +
| -saazüg
−
Denotes the action as a noun.
  
  +
| -işnësjüdl
−
{| class=wikitable
  
  +
| -şaëdüdl
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
  
−
! colspan=4 | Gender
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Magical
  
  +
| -evžës
−
! Living
  
  +
| -inöšöüd
−
! Artificial
  
  +
| -afšööt
−
! Non-moving
  
  +
| -movžüdl
  +
| -monšöt
  +
| -omažödl
  +
| -savëdl
  +
| -işnšödl
  +
| -şafšëdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Undefined
  
  +
| -ivlygü
−
! Erg
  
  +
| -andgaüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -afǧmüt
−
|
 
  +
| -müvüd
−
|
 
  +
| -monnüd
−
|
 
  +
| -immüdl
  +
| -şavmütl
  +
| -işymm
  +
| -tassmüz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
| -ivoŋüt
−
|
 
  +
| -inşnüüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -avoünd
−
|
 
  +
| -müüvoŋg
−
|
 
  +
| -moŋŋüd
  +
| -omavoŋk
  +
| -tavoŋüd
  +
| -issoŋüdl
  +
| -şooŋüdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| -ivdjaüd
−
|
 
  +
| -indjaüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -avdaadl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvvdjüü
−
|
 
  +
| -mondjood
  +
| -omadl
  +
| -şavdad
  +
| -isnadedl
  +
| -ttavadl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| -ivlüüd
−
|
 
  +
| -inzifüdl
−
|
 
−
|
+
| -avvidl
  +
| -myvvët
−
|
 
  +
| -monevüdl
  +
| -omög
  +
| -dzavlöd
  +
| -innevüdl
  +
| -şavvös
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
−
|
 
−
|
+
| -ivaadl
−
|
+
| -inödl
  +
| -avöüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvvüd
  +
| -münnüd
  +
| -ömavvüd
  +
| -šavööd
  +
| -aşmüdd
  +
| -ssivüdd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Defined
  
  +
| -iivdjüdl
−
! Erg
  
  +
| -innëdž
−
|
 
  +
| -avzzüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvëdl
−
|
 
  +
| -monzüdj
−
|
 
  +
| -ömvëzü
  +
| -šavzjüd
  +
| -adzëzjüd
  +
| -şivzü
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
| -ivžüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -inöžüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -avëžüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvvžydl
−
|
 
  +
| -monšüdl
  +
| -omfšëd
  +
| -šavžüd
  +
| -aşmözëdl
  +
| -şivöžžüd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| -ifǧmüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -inyygdl
−
|
 
  +
| -aǧmüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvgvüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -mongüdl
  +
| -omgvüdl
  +
| -aşmmüü
  +
| -aşmmüd
  +
| -şymüd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| -ivöŋodl
−
|
 
  +
| -inŋüd
−
|
 
  +
| -avöödzŋ
−
|
 
  +
| -müvŋödl
−
|
 
  +
| -monŋüdl
  +
| -öŋǧüdl
  +
| -šavŋüdl
  +
| -aşmŋüdl
  +
| -şivöd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| -ifttjadl
−
|
 
  +
| -iñgaüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -avdjüdl
−
|
 
  +
| -müvbjad
−
|
 
  +
| -mondjad
−
|}
  
  +
| -ömaždjaü
−  
  +
| -šavdaüd
−
===Gerund===
  
  +
| -aşnöüdl
−
Gerund form of a verb is used to form noun phrases and changes according to tense
  
  +
| -izvödaüdl
−  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=18 | Magical
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! colspan=3 rowspan=3 |
  
  +
| -ivëdv
−
! colspan=15 | Voice
  
  +
| -innüd
  +
| -avüdl
  +
| -müvvüdl
  +
| -monëdl
  +
| -ömvevüdl
  +
| -saavbüd
  +
| -aşnëdv
  +
| -şiivvüdl
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=5 | Passive
 +
! colspan=11 | Patient
−
! colspan=5 | Anti-<br />Passive
  
−
! colspan=5 | Applicative
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
−
! Erg
  
−
! Acc
  
−
! Int
  
−
! Dat
  
−
! Ref
  
−
! Erg
  
−
! Acc
  
−
! Int
  
−
! Dat
  
−
! Ref
  
−
! Erg
  
−
! Acc
  
−
! Int
  
−
! Dat
  
−
! Ref
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
−
! rowspan=21 |Pos
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
−
! rowspan=7 | Past
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
−
! Perfective
  
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
! Retrospective
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
|
 
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
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−  
−
===Participles===
  
−  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=38 | Magical Participle
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=4 |
  
−
! colspan=36 | Voices
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=12 | Anti-<br />Passive
  
−
! colspan=12 | Passive
  
−
! colspan=12 | Applicative
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | Past
  
−
! colspan=4 | Present
  
−
! colspan=4 | Future
  
−
! colspan=4 | Past
  
−
! colspan=4 | Present
  
−
! colspan=4 | Future
  
−
! colspan=4 | Past
  
−
! colspan=4 | Present
  
−
! colspan=4 | Future
  
−
|-
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
! Mag
  
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
−
|-
  
−
! Rowspan=7 | Pos
  
−
! Perfective
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ö
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,785: Line 1,496:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
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|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,794: Line 1,507:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
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|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,804: Line 1,519:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! Retrospective
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öl
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,823: Line 1,529:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,832: Line 1,540:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,842: Line 1,552:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
−
! Pausative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öps
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,861: Line 1,562:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,870: Line 1,574:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,880: Line 1,586:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Inceptive
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öös
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,899: Line 1,596:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,908: Line 1,607:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,918: Line 1,619:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Continuative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öss
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
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|
  
|
Line 3,937: Line 1,629:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,946: Line 1,640:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -epja
  +
| -imža
  +
| -pa
  +
| -mëpja
  +
| -miza
  +
| -mba
  +
| -isëpj
  +
| -ismza
  +
| -ispa
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,956: Line 1,680:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Terminative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ölş
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,975: Line 1,690:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,984: Line 1,701:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 3,994: Line 1,713:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Genericative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öst
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,013: Line 1,723:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,022: Line 1,734:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,032: Line 1,747:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
−
! Rowspan=7 | Neg
  
−
! Perfective
  
−  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -öm
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,053: Line 1,757:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,062: Line 1,768:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,072: Line 1,780:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! Retrospective
  
−  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ölm
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,092: Line 1,790:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,101: Line 1,801:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,111: Line 1,813:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
−
! Pausative
  
−
|
 +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
−
|
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
|
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
−
|
  
−
|
 +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
| -öp<span style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">š</span></span>ni
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
|
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
|
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
|
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,130: Line 1,840:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,139: Line 1,851:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,149: Line 1,863:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
! Inceptive
 +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ösmm
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,168: Line 1,873:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,177: Line 1,884:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,187: Line 1,896:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! Continuative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ösm
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,206: Line 1,906:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,215: Line 1,918:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,225: Line 1,930:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Terminative
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| -ölşjy
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,244: Line 1,940:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,253: Line 1,951:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,263: Line 1,963:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Genericative
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,269: Line 1,969:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| -ösmjy
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 4,283: Line 1,984:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -paivvas
  +
| -paindzüş
  +
| -paavliş
  +
| -pamüvves
  +
| -pamonnaş
  +
| -paomaiş
  +
| -pasafiş
  +
| -paesnat
  +
| -paşaiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -paefjoss
  +
| -paidzësit
  +
| -paësjit
  +
| -pamüvët
  +
| -pamonnëz
  +
| -paomësji
  +
| -pasaviiş
  +
| -paişneziş
  +
| -paşediş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| -paevžëës
  +
| -paindössiş
  +
| -paaššuş
  +
| -pamovžit
  +
| -pamontës
  +
| -paomašöş
  +
| -pasavëšiş
  +
| -paişnšëiş
  +
| -paşafšëiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -paifjǧyt
  +
| -paandyǧs
  +
| -paavyism
  +
| -pamüvmiş
  +
| -pamonmiş
  +
| -paomyşm
  +
| -paşavmë
  +
| -paişnmy
  +
| -patasyme
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -paivoşŋ
  +
| -painşnos
  +
| -paavŋit
  +
| -pamüvŋiş
  +
| -pamonŋi
  +
| -paomavŋ
  +
| -paşavŋit
  +
| -paisnoss
  +
| -paşaŋif
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -paivdjaş
  +
| -paidjas
  +
| -paazdjas
  +
| -pamüvdjiş
  +
| -pamomdois
  +
| -paomaaş
  +
| -paşazdjat
  +
| -painsadit
  +
| -patavviit
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -paivevşi
  +
| -painzuvs
  +
| -paavevi
  +
| -pamyviss
  +
| -pamonëvi
  +
| -paomave
  +
| -paşavët
  +
| -paisnevi
  +
| -paşaviş
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -paiviiş
  +
| -painöitt
  +
| -paavöitt
  +
| -pamüvös
  +
| -pamonëş
  +
| -paömvëş
  +
| -pašavëss
  +
| -paaşmës
  +
| -paşivës
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -paivdjiş
  +
| -painëşm
  +
| -paavzjiş
  +
| -pamüvëş
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|}
  
   
  +
-monëdz
−
===Supine===
  
  +
| -paömavëss
−
A supine is formed by adding ending which depends on the verb class and treat the nouns around as part of it, keeping SOV structure and so on.
  
  +
| -pašavözj
−  
  +
| -paadzëzzj
−
===Verb forms===
  
  +
| -paşivëzz
−
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=3 | Adjectival Modality
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! rowspan=1 |
  
  +
| -paivëšši
−
! colspan=1 | Passive
  
  +
| -painëëšis
−
! colspan=1 | Active
  
  +
| -paavëëşm
  +
| -pamüvvžyş
  +
| -pamonööş
  +
| -paomafšëi
  +
| -pašavëššy
  +
| -paaşmëss
  +
| -paşivöšee
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Gerundive
  
−
| -pi
 +
| -paivëǧis
−
| -psi
 +
| -painyǧys
  +
| -pafyǧiss
  +
| -pamügviş
  +
| -pamongit
  +
| -paomygvit
  +
| -paaşmyymiş
  +
| -paaşmöǧmiş
  +
| -paivvymisš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Supine
  
  +
| -paivöŋiiş
−
| -döti
  
−
| -dötši
 +
| -painŋoş
  +
| -paavöŋŋiş
  +
| -pamüvŋiş
  +
| -pamonŋoş
  +
| -paömaǧoz
  +
| -pašavöŋŋiz
  +
| -paamöŋiz
  +
| -paşivgiş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Abilitative
  
−
| -mŋi
 +
| -paivattiid
−
| -mma
 +
| -paiñödiid
  +
| -paavödiidz
  +
| -pamüvbii
  +
| -pamondii
  +
| -paömaždii
  +
| -pašavödlaz
  +
| -paaşmödiz
  +
| -paidzvödiiz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Permissative
  
−
| -do
 +
| -paivëvvid
−
| -dzoo
 +
| -painnëvid
  +
| -paavëvid
  +
| -pamüvviş
  +
| -pamonëëş
  +
| -paömvëvid
  +
| -pasavviss
  +
| -paadmëfis
  +
| -paşiëviş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
−
! Possabilitative
  
−
| -my
  
−
| -mǧy
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! Advisabilitative
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
| -ŋu
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
−
| -ŋtu
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
! Prohobitative
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| -tko
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| -tto
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
−
! Hypothetical
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -efu
  
−
| -effsu
 +
| -paivla
  +
| -paindzü
  +
| -paav
  +
| -pamüvva
  +
| -pamonn
  +
| -paomav
  +
| -paşavl
  +
| -paişnna
  +
| -paşaf
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Potensial<br />/Optative
  
−
| -amü
 +
| -paefjës
−
| -amtü
 +
| -paindzës
  +
| -paësj
  +
| -pamüvët
  +
| -pamonnëz
  +
| -paomaësj
  +
| -pasavëz
  +
| -paişnësj
  +
| -paşaëd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Dubative
  
−
| -ëǧǧa
 +
| -paevžë
  +
| -paindösšë
−
| -ëǧta
  
  +
| -paafšë
  +
| -pamovvž
  +
| -pamonšë
  +
| -paomašë
  +
| -pasavëš
  +
| -paişnšë
  +
| -paşafšë
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Conditional
  
  +
| -paivlyǧ
−
|
  
  +
| -paandyǧ
−
|
  
  +
| -paavyǧm
−
|}
  
  +
| -pamüvvym
−
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  
  +
| -pamonym
−
! colspan=3 | Verbal Modality
  
  +
| -paomym
  +
| -paşavvym
  +
| -paişnymm
  +
| -patasym
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! rowspan=1 |
  
  +
| -paivoŋ
−
! colspan=1 | Passive
  
  +
| -painşno
−
! colspan=1 | Active
  
  +
| -paavŋo
  +
| -pamüüvoŋ
  +
| -pamonoŋ
  +
| -paomavoŋ
  +
| -paşavvoŋ
  +
| -paisnoŋ
  +
| -paşaoŋ
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Gerundive
  
−
| -pim
 +
| -paivldja
−
| -psim
 +
| -paindja
  +
| -paavdja
  +
| -pamüvadj
  +
| -pamondjo
  +
| -paomadja
  +
| -paşavdja
  +
| -paisnadj
  +
| -patavja
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Supine
  
−
| -dösm
 +
| -paivleef
−
| -döşm
 +
| -painzuef
  +
| -paavef
  +
| -pamyvvef
  +
| -pamonev
  +
| -paomave
  +
| -paşavlë
  +
| -paisnef
  +
| -paşavvë
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! Abilitative
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -mim
  
−
| -mam
 +
| -paivaö
  +
| -painnö
  +
| -paavö
  +
| -pamüvö
  +
| -pamonö
  +
| -paömav
  +
| -pašavvö
  +
| -paaşmö
  +
| -paşivö
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Permissative
  
−
| -dom
 +
| -paiivëdj
−
| -dzüm
 +
| -painnës
  +
| -paavësj
  +
| -pamüvëë
  +
| -pamonëzj
  +
| -paömavës
  +
| -pašavvösj
  +
| -paadzësj
  +
| -paşivëz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Possabilitative
  
−
| -mym
 +
| -paivöš
−
| -mǧym
 +
| -painöš
  +
| -paavëš
  +
| -pamüvvöšy
  +
| -pamoonöš
  +
| -paomafšë
  +
| -pašavëš
  +
| -paaşmösse
  +
| -paşivöšš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Advisabilitative
  
−
| -ŋum
 +
| -paivëǧm
−
| -ŋtum
 +
| -painyyǧ
  +
| -paaffyǧm
  +
| -pamüvögv
  +
| -pamonyg
  +
| -paomygv
  +
| -paaşmyym
  +
| -paaşmöǧm
  +
| -paşivvym
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Prohobitative
  
−
| -tkom
 +
| -paivöŋo
−
| -ttom
 +
| -painŋo
  +
| -paavööŋo
  +
| -pamüvöŋo
  +
| -pamonöŋo
  +
| -paömaǧŋo
  +
| -pašavöŋŋ
  +
| -paaşmmöŋ
  +
| -paşivög
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Hypothetical
  
−
| -efum
 +
| -paivattja
−
| -effsum
 +
| -paiñödja
  +
| -paavödja
  +
| -pamüvbja
  +
| -pamondja
  +
| -paömaždja
  +
| -pašavödla
  +
| -paaşmödj
  +
| -paidzvödja
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Potensial<br />/Optative
  
−
| -amüm
 +
| -paivëf
−
| -amom
 +
| -painnëv
  +
| -paavëf
  +
| -pamüvëv
  +
| -pamonë
  +
| -paömavef
  +
| -pasaavëf
  +
| -paaşmëf
  +
| -paşiivëf
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
−
! Dubative
  
  +
|-
−
| -ëǧǧam
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
−
| -ëǧtam
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! Conditional
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -paivjaöd
  +
| -paandüüdl
  +
| -paavjüdl
  +
| -pamüüdl
  +
| -paomdla
  +
| -paomadl
  +
| -paşabüd
  +
| -paişmü
  +
| -padzaš
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -paefjödl
  +
| -painzöd
  +
| -paösjüdl
  +
| -pamüvütü
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|}
  
   
  +
-mënöt
−
All of these transforms the verb into an adjective like form which can also be used as nouns with copulas and is used for modality.
  
  +
| -paomaësjüdl
−
*'''Gerundive''': Marks that the noun it modifies is needs or ought to be the object of the verb
  
  +
| -pasaazüg
−
*'''Abilative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is can or is able to be the object of the verb
  
  +
| -paişnësjüdl
−
*'''Permissative''': Marks that the noun it modifies has the permission to be the object of the verb
  
  +
| -paşaëdüdl
−
*'''Possabilitative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is possibly the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Advisabilitative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is adviced to be the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Prohobative''': Marks that the noun it modifies forbidden to be the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Hypothetical''': Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Potensial/Optative''': Marks that the noun it modifies probably is or is wanted to be the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Dubative''': Marks that the noun it modifies doubtfully is the object of the verb
  
−
*'''Conditional''': Marks that the noun it modifies conditionally is the object of the verb
  
−  
−
===Auxiliary===
  
−
Umbrean uses some auxilary verbs for various purposes. It is placed behind the initial verb, takes the conjugations of tempus and person while the other is left in infinitive form.
  
−  
−
===Caternative===
  
−
Doesn't really exist since noun clauses are all of it.
  
−
===Nominalization===
  
−
To nominalize a verb one simply uses the infitive form along with adpositions for the subject and object
  
−  
−
==Nouns==
  
−
===Genders===
  
−
Umbrean genders include Non-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
!Gender
  
−
!Description
  
−
!Example
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
!Non-Moving
  
  +
| -paevžës
−
|Things that can't move in any way by their own force
  
  +
| -painöšöüd
−
|Stone, Wall, House
  
  +
| -paafšööt
  +
| -pamovžüdl
  +
| -pamonšöt
  +
| -paomažödl
  +
| -pasavëdl
  +
| -paişnšödl
  +
| -paşafšëdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
!Living
  
  +
| -paivlygü
−
|Objects that are alive
  
  +
| -paandgaüdl
−
|Animal, Fish, Human
  
  +
| -paafǧmüt
  +
| -pamüvüd
  +
| -pamonnüd
  +
| -paimmüdl
  +
| -paşavmütl
  +
| -paişymm
  +
| -patassmüz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!Mechanical
  
  +
| -paivoŋüt
−
|Machines, electronics etc
  
  +
| -painşnüüdl
−
|Steam engine, Train
  
  +
| -paavoünd
  +
| -pamüüvoŋg
  +
| -pamoŋŋüd
  +
| -paomavoŋk
  +
| -patavoŋüd
  +
| -paissoŋüdl
  +
| -paşooŋüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -paivdjaüd
  +
| -paindjaüdl
  +
| -paavdaadl
  +
| -pamüvvdjüü
  +
| -pamondjood
  +
| -paomadl
  +
| -paşavdad
  +
| -paisnadedl
  +
| -pattavadl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -paivlüüd
  +
| -painzifüdl
  +
| -paavvidl
  +
| -pamyvvët
  +
| -pamonevüdl
  +
| -paomög
  +
| -padzavlöd
  +
| -painnevüdl
  +
| -paşavvös
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -paivaadl
  +
| -painödl
  +
| -paavöüdl
  +
| -pamüvvüd
  +
| -pamünnüd
  +
| -paömavvüd
  +
| -pašavööd
  +
| -paaşmüdd
  +
| -passivüdd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -paiivdjüdl
  +
| -painnëdž
  +
| -paavzzüdl
  +
| -pamüvëdl
  +
| -pamonzüdj
  +
| -paömvëzü
  +
| -pašavzjüd
  +
| -paadzëzjüd
  +
| -paşivzü
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
!Magical
  
  +
| -paivžüdl
−
|Things that move seemignly without a cause
  
  +
| -painöžüdl
−
|Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun
  
  +
| -paavëžüdl
−
|}
  
  +
| -pamüvvžydl
  +
| -pamonšüdl
  +
| -paomfšëd
  +
| -pašavžüd
  +
| -paaşmözëdl
  +
| -paşivöžžüd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -paifǧmüdl
  +
| -painyygdl
  +
| -paaǧmüdl
  +
| -pamüvgvüdl
  +
| -pamongüdl
  +
| -paomgvüdl
  +
| -paaşmmüü
  +
| -paaşmmüd
  +
| -paşymüd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -paivöŋodl
  +
| -painŋüd
  +
| -paavöödzŋ
  +
| -pamüvŋödl
  +
| -pamonŋüdl
  +
| -paöŋǧüdl
  +
| -pašavŋüdl
  +
| -paaşmŋüdl
  +
| -paşivöd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -paifttjadl
  +
| -paiñgaüdl
  +
| -paavdjüdl
  +
| -pamüvbjad
  +
| -pamondjad
  +
| -paömaždjaü
  +
| -pašavdaüd
  +
| -paaşnöüdl
  +
| -paizvödaüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -paivëdv
  +
| -painnüd
  +
| -paavüdl
  +
| -pamüvvüdl
  +
| -pamonëdl
  +
| -paömvevüdl
  +
| -pasaavbüd
  +
| -paaşnëdv
  +
| -paşiivvüdl
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Anti-Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -žëivvas
  +
| -žëindzüş
  +
| -žëavliş
  +
| -žëmüvves
  +
| -žëmonnaş
  +
| -žëomaiş
  +
| -žësafiş
  +
| -žëesnat
  +
| -žëşaiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -žëefjoss
  +
| -žëidzësit
  +
| -žëësjit
  +
| -žëmüvët
  +
| -žëmonnëz
  +
| -žëomësji
  +
| -žësaviiş
  +
| -žëişneziş
  +
| -žëşediş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| -žëevžëës
  +
| -žëindössiş
  +
| -žëaššuş
  +
| -žëmovžit
  +
| -žëmontës
  +
| -žëomašöş
  +
| -žësavëšiş
  +
| -žëişnšëiş
  +
| -žëşafšëiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -žëifjǧyt
  +
| -žëandyǧs
  +
| -žëavyism
  +
| -žëmüvmiş
  +
| -žëmonmiş
  +
| -žëomyşm
  +
| -žëşavmë
  +
| -žëişnmy
  +
| -žëtasyme
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -žëivoşŋ
  +
| -žëinşnos
  +
| -žëavŋit
  +
| -žëmüvŋiş
  +
| -žëmonŋi
  +
| -žëomavŋ
  +
| -žëşavŋit
  +
| -žëisnoss
  +
| -žëşaŋif
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -žëivdjaş
  +
| -žëidjas
  +
| -žëazdjas
  +
| -žëmüvdjiş
  +
| -žëmomdois
  +
| -žëomaaş
  +
| -žëşazdjat
  +
| -žëinsadit
  +
| -žëtavviit
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -žëivevşi
  +
| -žëinzuvs
  +
| -žëavevi
  +
| -žëmyviss
  +
| -žëmonëvi
  +
| -žëomave
  +
| -žëşavët
  +
| -žëisnevi
  +
| -žëşaviş
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -žëiviiş
  +
| -žëinöitt
  +
| -žëavöitt
  +
| -žëmüvös
  +
| -žëmonëş
  +
| -žëömvëş
  +
| -žëšavëss
  +
| -žëaşmës
  +
| -žëşivës
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -žëivdjiş
  +
| -žëinëşm
  +
| -žëavzjiş
  +
| -žëmüvëş
  +
|
   
  +
-monëdz
−
===Noun Declension===
  
  +
| -žëömavëss
−
====Cases====
  
  +
| -žëšavözj
−
Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative and Reflexive
  
  +
| -žëadzëzzj
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
| -žëşivëzz
−
! colspan=2| Case
  
−
!Desription:
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
−
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case Ergative]
  
  +
| -žëivëšši
−
! Ref
  
  +
| -žëinëëšis
−
|The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative-absolutive_language ergative-absolutive languages]
  
  +
| -žëavëëşm
  +
| -žëmüvvžyş
  +
| -žëmonööş
  +
| -žëomafšëi
  +
| -žëšavëššy
  +
| -žëaşmëss
  +
| -žëşivöšee
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case Accusative]
  
  +
| -žëivëǧis
−
! Acc
  
  +
| -žëinyǧys
−
|The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
  
  +
| -žëfyǧiss
  +
| -žëmügviş
  +
| -žëmongit
  +
| -žëomygvit
  +
| -žëaşmyymiş
  +
| -žëaşmöǧmiş
  +
| -žëivvymisš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
−
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_case Intransitive]
  
  +
| -žëivöŋiiş
−
! Int
  
  +
| -žëinŋoş
−
|The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
  
  +
| -žëavöŋŋiş
  +
| -žëmüvŋiş
  +
| -žëmonŋoş
  +
| -žëömaǧoz
  +
| -žëšavöŋŋiz
  +
| -žëamöŋiz
  +
| -žëşivgiş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
−
!Dative
  
  +
| -žëivattiid
−
!Dat
  
  +
| -žëiñödiid
−
|The grammatical case used to define the indirect object of a bitransitive verb<br />and used for postpositional phrases
  
  +
| -žëavödiidz
  +
| -žëmüvbii
  +
| -žëmondii
  +
| -žëömaždii
  +
| -žëšavödlaz
  +
| -žëaşmödiz
  +
| -žëidzvödiiz
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -žëivëvvid
  +
| -žëinnëvid
  +
| -žëavëvid
  +
| -žëmüvviş
  +
| -žëmonëëş
  +
| -žëömvëvid
  +
| -žësavviss
  +
| -žëadmëfis
  +
| -žëşiëviş
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
−
!Reflexive
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
−
!Ref
  
  +
| -žëëvl
−
|The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and<br />hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice
  
  +
| -žindü
−
|}
  
  +
| -žëvv
  +
| -žëmmav
  +
| -mžonn
  +
| -žömav
  +
| -žëzvl
  +
| -žişna
  +
| -žëşav
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -žëefjës
  +
| -žëindzës
  +
| -žëësj
  +
| -žëmüvët
  +
| -žëmonnëz
  +
| -žëomaësj
  +
| -žësavëz
  +
| -žëişnësj
  +
| -žëşaëd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| -žëevžë
  +
| -žëindösšë
  +
| -žëafšë
  +
| -žëmovvž
  +
| -žëmonšë
  +
| -žëomašë
  +
| -žësavëš
  +
| -žëişnšë
  +
| -žëşafšë
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -žëivlyǧ
  +
| -žëandyǧ
  +
| -žëavyǧm
  +
| -žëmüvvym
  +
| -žëmonym
  +
| -žëomym
  +
| -žëşavvym
  +
| -žëişnymm
  +
| -žëtasym
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -žëivoŋ
  +
| -žëinşno
  +
| -žëavŋo
  +
| -žëmüüvoŋ
  +
| -žëmonoŋ
  +
| -žëomavoŋ
  +
| -žëşavvoŋ
  +
| -žëisnoŋ
  +
| -žëşaoŋ
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -žëivldja
  +
| -žëindja
  +
| -žëavdja
  +
| -žëmüvadj
  +
| -žëmondjo
  +
| -žëomadja
  +
| -žëşavdja
  +
| -žëisnadj
  +
| -žëtavja
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -žëivleef
  +
| -žëinzuef
  +
| -žëavef
  +
| -žëmyvvef
  +
| -žëmonev
  +
| -žëomave
  +
| -žëşavlë
  +
| -žëisnef
  +
| -žëşavvë
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -žëivaö
  +
| -žëinnö
  +
| -žëavö
  +
| -žëmüvö
  +
| -žëmonö
  +
| -žëömav
  +
| -žëšavvö
  +
| -žëaşmö
  +
| -žëşivö
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -žëiivëdj
  +
| -žëinnës
  +
| -žëavësj
  +
| -žëmüvëë
  +
| -žëmonëzj
  +
| -žëömavës
  +
| -žëšavvösj
  +
| -žëadzësj
  +
| -žëşivëz
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| -žëivöš
  +
| -žëinöš
  +
| -žëavëš
  +
| -žëmüvvöšy
  +
| -žëmoonöš
  +
| -žëomafšë
  +
| -žëšavëš
  +
| -žëaşmösse
  +
| -žëşivöšš
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -žëivëǧm
  +
| -žëinyyǧ
  +
| -žëaffyǧm
  +
| -žëmüvögv
  +
| -žëmonyg
  +
| -žëomygv
  +
| -žëaşmyym
  +
| -žëaşmöǧm
  +
| -žëşivvym
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -žëivöŋo
  +
| -žëinŋo
  +
| -žëavööŋo
  +
| -žëmüvöŋo
  +
| -žëmonöŋo
  +
| -žëömaǧŋo
  +
| -žëšavöŋŋ
  +
| -žëaşmmöŋ
  +
| -žëşivög
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -žëivattja
  +
| -žëiñödja
  +
| -žëavödja
  +
| -žëmüvbja
  +
| -žëmondja
  +
| -žëömaždja
  +
| -žëšavödla
  +
| -žëaşmödj
  +
| -žëidzvödja
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -žëivëf
  +
| -žëinnëv
  +
| -žëavëf
  +
| -žëmüvëv
  +
| -žëmonë
  +
| -žëömavef
  +
| -žësaavëf
  +
| -žëaşmëf
  +
| -žëşiivëf
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -žëivjaöd
  +
| -žëandüüdl
  +
| -žëavjüdl
  +
| -žëmüüdl
  +
| -žëomdla
  +
| -žëomadl
  +
| -žëşabüd
  +
| -žëişmü
  +
| -žëdzaš
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -žëefjödl
  +
| -žëinzöd
  +
| -žëösjüdl
  +
| -žëmüvütü
  +
|
   
  +
-mënöt
−
====Declension table====
  
  +
| -žëomaësjüdl
−
Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular
  
  +
| -žësaazüg
−  
  +
| -žëişnësjüdl
−  
  +
| -žëşaëdüdl
−  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
!Name
  
−
!Amount
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
!Singular
  
  +
| -žëevžës
−
|1
  
  +
| -žëinöšöüd
  +
| -žëafšööt
  +
| -žëmovžüdl
  +
| -žëmonšöt
  +
| -žëomažödl
  +
| -žësavëdl
  +
| -žëişnšödl
  +
| -žëşafšëdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
!Paucal
  
  +
| -žëivlygü
−
|2-6
  
  +
| -žëandgaüdl
  +
| -žëafǧmüt
  +
| -žëmüvüd
  +
| -žëmonnüd
  +
| -žëimmüdl
  +
| -žëşavmütl
  +
| -žëişymm
  +
| -žëtassmüz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!Plural
  
  +
| -žëivoŋüt
−
|6&lt;
  
  +
| -žëinşnüüdl
−
|}
  
  +
| -žëavoünd
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
| -žëmüüvoŋg
−
! colspan=13 |Case Declension
  
  +
| -žëmoŋŋüd
  +
| -žëomavoŋk
  +
| -žëtavoŋüd
  +
| -žëissoŋüdl
  +
| -žëşooŋüdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=1 |
  
  +
| -žëivdjaüd
−
! colspan=4 | First
  
  +
| -žëindjaüdl
−
! colspan=4 | Second
  
  +
| -žëavdaadl
−
! colspan=4 | Third
  
  +
| -žëmüvvdjüü
  +
| -žëmondjood
  +
| -žëomadl
  +
| -žëşavdad
  +
| -žëisnadedl
  +
| -žëttavadl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -žëivlüüd
−
! Liv
  
  +
| -žëinzifüdl
−
! Art
  
  +
| -žëavvidl
−
! Non
  
  +
| -žëmyvvët
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -žëmonevüdl
−
! Liv
  
  +
| -žëomög
−
! Art
  
  +
| -žëdzavlöd
−
! Non
  
  +
| -žëinnevüdl
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -žëşavvös
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! colspan=13 |Singular
  
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -žëivaadl
  +
| -žëinödl
  +
| -žëavöüdl
  +
| -žëmüvvüd
  +
| -žëmünnüd
  +
| -žëömavvüd
  +
| -žëšavööd
  +
| -žëaşmüdd
  +
| -žëssivüdd
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Erg
  
  +
| -žëiivdjüdl
−
| -as
  
  +
| -žëinnëdž
−
| -ös
  
  +
| -žëavzzüdl
−
| -y
  
  +
| -žëmüvëdl
−
| -üf
  
  +
| -žëmonzüdj
−
| -ia
  
  +
| -žëömvëzü
−
| -aö
  
  +
| -žëšavzjüd
−
| -yn
  
  +
| -žëadzëzjüd
−
| -ios
  
−
| -az
 +
| -žëşivzü
−
| -ös
  
−
| -iz
  
−
| -üv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
| -žëivžüdl
−
| -am
  
  +
| -žëinöžüdl
−
| -aöm
  
  +
| -žëavëžüdl
−
| -ymm
  
  +
| -žëmüvvžydl
−
| -öm
  
  +
| -žëmonšüdl
−
| -amii
  
  +
| -žëomfšëd
−
| -aöm
  
  +
| -žëšavžüd
−
| -ymn
  
  +
| -žëaşmözëdl
−
| -om
  
  +
| -žëşivöžžüd
−
| -adzm
  
−
| -ödz
  
−
| -ižž
  
−
| -üvz
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| -žëifǧmüdl
−
| -aë
  
−
| -öë
 +
| -žëinyygdl
  +
| -žëaǧmüdl
−
| -aë
  
  +
| -žëmüvgvüdl
−
| -aü
  
  +
| -žëmongüdl
−
| -ëi
  
  +
| -žëomgvüdl
−
| -aö
  
  +
| -žëaşmmüü
−
| -ë
  
  +
| -žëaşmmüd
−
| -oë
  
−
| -am
 +
| -žëşymüd
−
| -özm
  
−
| -yzzm
  
−
| -üfm
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| -žëivöŋodl
−
| -an
  
−
| -öön
 +
| -žëinŋüd
  +
| -žëavöödzŋ
−
| -yn
  
  +
| -žëmüvŋödl
−
| -ün
  
  +
| -žëmonŋüdl
−
| -imja
  
  +
| -žëöŋǧüdl
−
| -amjö
  
  +
| -žëšavŋüdl
−
| -ëmm
  
  +
| -žëaşmŋüdl
−
| -imjo
  
−
| -aǧ
 +
| -žëşivöd
−
| -öǧs
  
−
| -yǧz
  
−
| -üǧv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| -žëifttjadl
−
| -ap
  
  +
| -žëiñgaüdl
−
| -ub
  
  +
| -žëavdjüdl
−
| -yyp
  
  +
| -žëmüvbjad
−
| -op
  
−
| -ap
 +
| -žëmondjad
  +
| -žëömaždjaü
−
| -ab
  
  +
| -žëšavdaüd
−
| -yp
  
  +
| -žëaşnöüdl
−
| -op
  
  +
| -žëizvödaüdl
−
| -ag
  
−
| -ök
  
−
| -ygb
  
−
| -üǧm
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! colspan=13 |Paucal
  
  +
| -žëivëdv
  +
| -žëinnüd
  +
| -žëavüdl
  +
| -žëmüvvüdl
  +
| -žëmonëdl
  +
| -žëömvevüdl
  +
| -žësaavbüd
  +
| -žëaşnëdv
  +
| -žëşiivvüdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Applicative Voice
−
! Erg
  
−
| -iss
  
−
| -uz
  
−
| -ös
  
−
| -if
  
−
| -asji
  
−
| -ö<span style="font-family: monospace;">š</span>
  
−
| -en
  
−
| -iso
  
−
| -iž
  
−
| -uz
  
−
| -iv
  
−
| -üv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -amji
  
−
| -ömji
  
−
| -ym
  
−
| -ëmjü
  
−
| -immi
  
−
| -amji
  
−
| -ym
  
−
| -iom
  
−
| -azmi
  
−
| -özmi
  
−
| -imji
  
−
| -üvmi
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
−
| -in
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
−
| -ön
  
−
| -enëë
  
−
| -ünl
  
−
| -in
  
−
| -anö
  
−
| -unë
  
−
| -ion
  
−
| -azn
  
−
| -öss
  
−
| -izn
  
−
| -ünl
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -aŋŋ
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -iiŋ
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| -ënn
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -üŋ
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -iiŋ
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| -iiŋ
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -ëni
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -iŋjo
  
−
| -azŋ
  
−
| -uzŋ
  
−
| -ivŋ
  
−
| -oŋjüü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -opja
  
−
| -opja
 +
| -dzoivvas
−
| -ope
 +
| -dzoindzüş
−
| -obü
 +
| -dzoavliş
−
| -opë
 +
| -dzomüvves
−
| -öp
 +
| -dzomonnaş
−
| -up
 +
| -dzoomaiş
−
| -opjo
 +
| -dzosafiş
−
| -obla
 +
| -dzoesnat
−
| -opjös
 +
| -dzoşaiş
−
| -obez
  
−
| -opav
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! colspan=13 |Plural
  
  +
| -dzoefjoss
  +
| -dzoidzësit
  +
| -dzoësjit
  +
| -dzomüvët
  +
| -dzomonnëz
  +
| -dzoomësji
  +
| -dzosaviiş
  +
| -dzoişneziş
  +
| -dzoşediş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Erg
  
  +
| -dzoevžëës
−
| -im
  
  +
| -dzoindössiş
−
| -öfm
  
−
| -im
 +
| -dzoaššuş
−
| -üm
 +
| -dzomovžit
−
| -iasm
 +
| -dzomontës
  +
| -dzoomašöş
−
| -ösm
  
  +
| -dzosavëšiş
−
| -in
  
  +
| -dzoişnšëiş
−
| -üfm
  
  +
| -dzoşafšëiş
−
| -umja
  
−
| -umjö
  
−
| -umji
  
−
| -umjü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -ömm
 +
| -dzoifjǧyt
−
| -umni
 +
| -dzoandyǧs
−
| -ymii
 +
| -dzoavyism
−
| -ëmjn
 +
| -dzomüvmiş
−
| -inn
 +
| -dzomonmiş
−
| -amn
 +
| -dzoomyşm
−
| -ymii
 +
| -dzoşavmë
−
| -omn
 +
| -dzoişnmy
−
| -ënaz
 +
| -dzotasyme
−
| -ënöz
  
−
| -ëmiz
  
−
| -eŋüv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Int
  
−
| -avl
 +
| -dzoivoşŋ
−
| -övv
 +
| -dzoinşnos
−
| -ivli
 +
| -dzoavŋit
  +
| -dzomüvŋiş
−
| -üff
  
−
| -av
 +
| -dzomonŋi
−
| -ivli
 +
| -dzoomavŋ
−
| -nvi
 +
| -dzoşavŋit
−
| -iof
 +
| -dzoisnoss
−
| -azz
 +
| -dzoşaŋif
−
| -öšš
  
−
| -izz
  
−
| -üüv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Dat
  
−
| -aa
 +
| -dzoivdjaş
−
| -öşjaa
 +
| -dzoidjas
−
| -yş
 +
| -dzoazdjas
  +
| -dzomüvdjiş
−
| -üşi
  
−
| -aa
 +
| -dzomomdois
−
| -öşaa
 +
| -dzoomaaş
−
| -iş
 +
| -dzoşazdjat
−
| -oşi
 +
| -dzoinsadit
−
| -adz
 +
| -dzotavviit
−
| -ydzös
 +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
−
| -üdziz
  
−
| -üşjü
 +
| -dzoivevşi
  +
| -dzoinzuvs
  +
| -dzoavevi
  +
| -dzomyviss
  +
| -dzomonëvi
  +
| -dzoomave
  +
| -dzoşavët
  +
| -dzoisnevi
  +
| -dzoşaviş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -ia
  
−
| -öǧin
 +
| -dzoiviiş
−
| -iǧǧi
 +
| -dzoinöitt
−
| -üüž
 +
| -dzoavöitt
−
| -iǧa
 +
| -dzomüvös
−
| -öin
 +
| -dzomonëş
−
| -iǧǧ
 +
| -dzoömvëş
−
| -iǧ
 +
| -dzošavëss
−
| -aǧ
 +
| -dzoaşmës
−
| -öǧs
 +
| -dzoşivës
−
| -ǧiz
 +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
| -üǧ
  
  +
| -dzoivdjiş
−
|}
  
  +
| -dzoinëşm
−
<!--
  
  +
| -dzoavzjiş
  +
| -dzomüvëş
  +
|
   
  +
-monëdz
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
| -dzoömavëss
−
!Name
  
  +
| -dzošavözj
−
!Amount
  
  +
| -dzoadzëzzj
  +
| -dzoşivëzz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
−
!Singular
  
  +
| -dzoivëšši
−
|1
  
  +
| -dzoinëëšis
  +
| -dzoavëëşm
  +
| -dzomüvvžyş
  +
| -dzomonööş
  +
| -dzoomafšëi
  +
| -dzošavëššy
  +
| -dzoaşmëss
  +
| -dzoşivöšee
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
!Paucal
  
  +
| -dzoivëǧis
−
|2-6
  
  +
| -dzoinyǧys
  +
| -dzofyǧiss
  +
| -dzomügviş
  +
| -dzomongit
  +
| -dzoomygvit
  +
| -dzoaşmyymiş
  +
| -dzoaşmöǧmiş
  +
| -dzoivvymisš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!Plural
  
  +
| -dzoivöŋiiş
−
|6&lt;
  
  +
| -dzoinŋoş
−
|}
  
  +
| -dzoavöŋŋiş
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
| -dzomüvŋiş
−
! colspan=13 |Case Declension
  
  +
| -dzomonŋoş
  +
| -dzoömaǧoz
  +
| -dzošavöŋŋiz
  +
| -dzoamöŋiz
  +
| -dzoşivgiş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=1 |
  
  +
| -dzoivattiid
−
! colspan=4 | First
  
  +
| -dzoiñödiid
−
! colspan=4 | Second
  
  +
| -dzoavödiidz
−
! colspan=4 | Third
  
  +
| -dzomüvbii
  +
| -dzomondii
  +
| -dzoömaždii
  +
| -dzošavödlaz
  +
| -dzoaşmödiz
  +
| -dzoidzvödiiz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -dzoivëvvid
−
! Liv
  
  +
| -dzoinnëvid
−
! Art
  
  +
| -dzoavëvid
−
! Non
  
  +
| -dzomüvviş
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -dzomonëëş
−
! Liv
  
  +
| -dzoömvëvid
−
! Art
  
  +
| -dzosavviss
−
! Non
  
  +
| -dzoadmëfis
−
! Mag
  
  +
| -dzoşiëviş
−
! Liv
  
−
! Art
  
−
! Non
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=13 |Singular
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! Erg
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
| -asj
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
−
| -ösj
  
−
| -y
  
−
| -üfj
  
−
| -ia
  
−
| -aö
  
−
| -ny
  
−
| -ios
  
−
| -az
  
−
| -ösj
  
−
| -iz
  
−
| -üv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| -amj
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| -aöm
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
| -ymm
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| -ömj
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| -amii
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
| -aömj
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
| -nymj
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
−
| -om
  
−
| -adzmj
  
−
| -ödz
  
−
| -ižž
  
−
| -üvz
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -aë
  
−
| -öë
 +
| -dzoivla
−
| -aë
 +
| -dzoindzü
−
| -aü
 +
| -dzoav
−
| -ëi
 +
| -dzomüvva
−
| -aö
 +
| -dzomonn
−
| -ë
 +
| -dzoomav
−
| -oë
 +
| -dzoşavl
−
| -am
 +
| -dzoişnna
−
| -özm
 +
| -dzoşaf
−
| -yzzm
  
−
| -üfjm
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Dat
  
−
| -na
 +
| -dzoefjës
−
| -njöö
 +
| -dzoindzës
−
| -ny
 +
| -dzoësj
−
| -nü
 +
| -dzomüvët
−
| -ina
 +
| -dzomonnëz
−
| -naö
 +
| -dzoomaësj
−
| -nnë
 +
| -dzosavëz
−
| -nio
 +
| -dzoişnësj
−
| -ǧa
 +
| -dzoşaëd
−
| -ǧös
  
−
| -ǧyz
  
−
| -ǧüv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Ref
  
−
| -ap
 +
| -dzoevžë
  +
| -dzoindösšë
−
| -ub
  
−
| -yyp
 +
| -dzoafšë
−
| -op
 +
| -dzomovvž
−
| -apj
 +
| -dzomonšë
−
| -ab
 +
| -dzoomašë
−
| -nyp
 +
| -dzosavëš
−
| -op
 +
| -dzoişnšë
−
| -ag
 +
| -dzoşafšë
−
| -ök
  
−
| -ygb
  
−
| -ǧüm
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! colspan=13 |Paucal
  
  +
| -dzoivlyǧ
  +
| -dzoandyǧ
  +
| -dzoavyǧm
  +
| -dzomüvvym
  +
| -dzomonym
  +
| -dzoomym
  +
| -dzoşavvym
  +
| -dzoişnymm
  +
| -dzotasym
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Erg
  
−
| -ssi
 +
| -dzoivoŋ
−
| -zu
 +
| -dzoinşno
−
| -ös
 +
| -dzoavŋo
  +
| -dzomüüvoŋ
−
| -fji
  
−
| -asi
 +
| -dzomonoŋ
  +
| -dzoomavoŋ
−
| -ö<span style="font-family: monospace;">š</span>
  
−
| -en
 +
| -dzoşavvoŋ
−
| -sio
 +
| -dzoisnoŋ
−
| -ži
 +
| -dzoşaoŋ
−
| -uz
  
−
| -iv
  
−
| -üv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -amji
 +
| -dzoivldja
−
| -ömji
 +
| -dzoindja
−
| -ym
 +
| -dzoavdja
−
| -ëmjü
 +
| -dzomüvadj
−
| -immi
 +
| -dzomondjo
−
| -amji
 +
| -dzoomadja
−
| -ym
 +
| -dzoşavdja
−
| -iomj
 +
| -dzoisnadj
−
| -azmi
 +
| -dzotavja
−
| -özmi
  
−
| -imji
  
−
| -üvmi
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Int
  
−
| -ni
 +
| -dzoivleef
−
| -ön
 +
| -dzoinzuef
−
| -enëë
 +
| -dzoavef
−
| -nlü
 +
| -dzomyvvef
−
| -ni
 +
| -dzomonev
−
| -anö
 +
| -dzoomave
−
| -unë
 +
| -dzoşavlë
−
| -ion
 +
| -dzoisnef
−
| -naz
 +
| -dzoşavvë
−
| -ösj
  
−
| -niz
  
−
| -nlü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
−
| -ŋŋa
  
−
| -ŋii
 +
| -dzoivaö
−
| -ënn
 +
| -dzoinnö
−
| -ŋü
 +
| -dzoavö
−
| -ŋii
 +
| -dzomüvö
−
| -ŋii
 +
| -dzomonö
−
| -ëni
 +
| -dzoömav
−
| -ŋjo
 +
| -dzošavvö
−
| -ŋaz
 +
| -dzoaşmö
−
| -ŋuz
 +
| -dzoşivö
−
| -ŋiv
  
−
|ŋjüü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Ref
  
−
| -pja
 +
| -dzoiivëdj
−
| -pja
 +
| -dzoinnës
−
| -pe
 +
| -dzoavësj
−
| -bü
 +
| -dzomüvëë
−
| -pë
 +
| -dzomonëzj
−
| -öp
 +
| -dzoömavës
  +
| -dzošavvösj
−
| -up
  
−
| -pjo
 +
| -dzoadzësj
−
| -bla
 +
| -dzoşivëz
−
| -pjösj
  
−
| -bez
  
−
| -pav
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! colspan=13 |Plural
  
  +
| -dzoivöš
  +
| -dzoinöš
  +
| -dzoavëš
  +
| -dzomüvvöšy
  +
| -dzomoonöš
  +
| -dzoomafšë
  +
| -dzošavëš
  +
| -dzoaşmösse
  +
| -dzoşivöšš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Erg
  
−
| -im
 +
| -dzoivëǧm
−
| -öfm
 +
| -dzoinyyǧ
−
| -im
 +
| -dzoaffyǧm
−
| -üm
 +
| -dzomüvögv
−
| -iasm
 +
| -dzomonyg
−
| -ösm
 +
| -dzoomygv
−
| -in
 +
| -dzoaşmyym
  +
| -dzoaşmöǧm
−
| -üfm
  
−
| -mja
 +
| -dzoşivvym
−
| -mö
  
−
| -mji
  
−
| -mjü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -ömm
 +
| -dzoivöŋo
−
| -umni
 +
| -dzoinŋo
  +
| -dzoavööŋo
−
| -ymii
  
  +
| -dzomüvöŋo
−
| -ëmjn
  
−
| -inn
 +
| -dzomonöŋo
  +
| -dzoömaǧŋo
−
| -amn
  
  +
| -dzošavöŋŋ
−
| -ymii
  
  +
| -dzoaşmmöŋ
−
| -omn
  
−
| -ënaz
 +
| -dzoşivög
−
| -ënöz
  
−
| -ëmiz
  
−
| -eŋüv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
! Int
  
−
| -avl
 +
| -dzoivattja
−
| -övv
 +
| -dzoiñödja
−
| -ivli
 +
| -dzoavödja
−
| -üffj
 +
| -dzomüvbja
−
| -avj
 +
| -dzomondja
  +
| -dzoömaždja
−
| -ivli
  
  +
| -dzošavödla
−
| -nvi
  
−
| -iof
 +
| -dzoaşmödj
  +
| -dzoidzvödja
−
| -azz
  
−
| -öšš
  
−
| -izz
  
−
| -üüv
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
! Dat
  
−
| -aa
 +
| -dzoivëf
−
| -öşaa
 +
| -dzoinnëv
−
| -yş
 +
| -dzoavëf
−
| -üşi
 +
| -dzomüvëv
−
| -aa
 +
| -dzomonë
−
| -öşaa
 +
| -dzoömavef
−
| -nşi
 +
| -dzosaavëf
−
| -oşi
 +
| -dzoaşmëf
−
| -dza
 +
| -dzoşiivëf
−
| -dzösj
  
−
| -dziz
  
−
| -şjü
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
−
! Ref
  
−
| -ia
  
−
| -öǧin
  
−
| -iǧǧi
  
−
| -üüž
  
−
| -iǧa
  
−
| -öin
  
−
| -iǧǧ
  
−
| -iǧ
  
−
| -aǧ
  
−
| -ǧös
  
−
| -ǧiz
  
−
| -ǧü
  
−
|}
  
−
-->
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=14 |Defintiveness Suffix
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
  
−
! colspan=3 | First
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
! colspan=3 | Second
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
−
! colspan=3 | Third
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! Sg
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
! Pc
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
! Pl
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! Sg
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
! Pc
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
! Pl
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
−
! Sg
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
−
! Pc
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
−
! Pl
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! rowspan=5 | Proximal<br />Definite
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
−
! Erg
  
−
| -t
 +
| -dzoivjaöd
  +
| -dzoandüüdl
−
| -k
  
−
| -ut
 +
| -dzoavjüdl
−
| -m
 +
| -dzomüüdl
−
| -m
 +
| -dzoomdla
−
| -en
 +
| -dzoomadl
−
| -m
 +
| -dzoşabüd
−
| -m
 +
| -dzoişmü
−
| -g
 +
| -dzodzaš
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -n
 +
| -dzoefjödl
−
| -p
 +
| -dzoinzöd
−
| -ni
 +
| -dzoösjüdl
  +
| -dzomüvütü
−
| -iv
  
−
| -n
 +
|
  +
−
| -es
  
  +
-mënöt
−
| -iŋ
  
  +
| -dzoomaësjüdl
−
| -iŋ
  
−
| -g
 +
| -dzosaazüg
  +
| -dzoişnësjüdl
  +
| -dzoşaëdüdl
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! Int
  
−
| -ss
 +
| -dzoevžës
  +
| -dzoinöšöüd
−
| -if
  
  +
| -dzoafšööt
−
| -ži
  
  +
| -dzomovžüdl
−
| -ss
  
−
| -m
 +
| -dzomonšöt
  +
| -dzoomažödl
−
| -z
  
−
| -iǧ
 +
| -dzosavëdl
  +
| -dzoişnšödl
−
| -o
  
  +
| -dzoşafšëdl
−
| -oo
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! Dat
  
−
| -m
 +
| -dzoivlygü
  +
| -dzoandgaüdl
−
| -m
  
−
| -m
 +
| -dzoafǧmüt
−
| -n
 +
| -dzomüvüd
−
| -n
 +
| -dzomonnüd
−
| -n
 +
| -dzoimmüdl
  +
| -dzoşavmütl
−
| -m
  
−
| -is
 +
| -dzoişymm
−
| -n
 +
| -dzotassmüz
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! Ref
  
−
| -t
 +
| -dzoivoŋüt
  +
| -dzoinşnüüdl
−
| -s
  
−
| -z
 +
| -dzoavoünd
  +
| -dzomüüvoŋg
−
| -s
  
  +
| -dzomoŋŋüd
−
| -s
  
−
| -s
 +
| -dzoomavoŋk
  +
| -dzotavoŋüd
−
| -u
  
  +
| -dzoissoŋüdl
−
| -<span style="font-family: monospace;">š</span>
  
  +
| -dzoşooŋüdl
−
| -<span style="font-family: monospace;">š</span>
  
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -dzoivdjaüd
  +
| -dzoindjaüdl
  +
| -dzoavdaadl
  +
| -dzomüvvdjüü
  +
| -dzomondjood
  +
| -dzoomadl
  +
| -dzoşavdad
  +
| -dzoisnadedl
  +
| -dzottavadl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -dzoivlüüd
  +
| -dzoinzifüdl
  +
| -dzoavvidl
  +
| -dzomyvvët
  +
| -dzomonevüdl
  +
| -dzoomög
  +
| -dzodzavlöd
  +
| -dzoinnevüdl
  +
| -dzoşavvös
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| -dzoivaadl
  +
| -dzoinödl
  +
| -dzoavöüdl
  +
| -dzomüvvüd
  +
| -dzomünnüd
  +
| -dzoömavvüd
  +
| -dzošavööd
  +
| -dzoaşmüdd
  +
| -dzossivüdd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| -dzoiivdjüdl
  +
| -dzoinnëdž
  +
| -dzoavzzüdl
  +
| -dzomüvëdl
  +
| -dzomonzüdj
  +
| -dzoömvëzü
  +
| -dzošavzjüd
  +
| -dzoadzëzjüd
  +
| -dzoşivzü
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Medial
  
  +
| -dzoivžüdl
−
! Erg
  
  +
| -dzoinöžüdl
  +
| -dzoavëžüdl
  +
| -dzomüvvžydl
  +
| -dzomonšüdl
  +
| -dzoomfšëd
  +
| -dzošavžüd
  +
| -dzoaşmözëdl
  +
| -dzoşivöžžüd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| -dzoifǧmüdl
  +
| -dzoinyygdl
  +
| -dzoaǧmüdl
  +
| -dzomüvgvüdl
  +
| -dzomongüdl
  +
| -dzoomgvüdl
  +
| -dzoaşmmüü
  +
| -dzoaşmmüd
  +
| -dzoşymüd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| -dzoivöŋodl
  +
| -dzoinŋüd
  +
| -dzoavöödzŋ
  +
| -dzomüvŋödl
  +
| -dzomonŋüdl
  +
| -dzoöŋǧüdl
  +
| -dzošavŋüdl
  +
| -dzoaşmŋüdl
  +
| -dzoşivöd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| -dzoifttjadl
  +
| -dzoiñgaüdl
  +
| -dzoavdjüdl
  +
| -dzomüvbjad
  +
| -dzomondjad
  +
| -dzoömaždjaü
  +
| -dzošavdaüd
  +
| -dzoaşnöüdl
  +
| -dzoizvödaüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| -dzoivëdv
  +
| -dzoinnüd
  +
| -dzoavüdl
  +
| -dzomüvvüdl
  +
| -dzomonëdl
  +
| -dzoömvevüdl
  +
| -dzosaavbüd
  +
| -dzoaşnëdv
  +
| -dzoşiivvüdl
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Imperative
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -epja
  +
| -imža
  +
| -pa
  +
| -mëpja
  +
| -miza
  +
| -mba
  +
| -isëpj
  +
| -ismza
  +
| -ispa
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,076: Line 3,593:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,087: Line 3,604:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,098: Line 3,615:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,109: Line 3,626:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,120: Line 3,637:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Distal
  
−
! Erg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,132: Line 3,648:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,143: Line 3,660:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Retrospective'''
−
! Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,154: Line 3,671:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,165: Line 3,682:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,175: Line 3,692:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|}
  
−
<!--
  
−  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=14 |Defintiveness Suffix
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=3 | First
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=3 | Second
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=3 | Third
  
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Sg
  
  +
|
−
! Pc
  
  +
|
−
! Pl
  
  +
|
−
! Sg
  
  +
|
−
! Pc
  
  +
|
−
! Pl
  
  +
|
−
! Sg
  
  +
|
−
! Pc
  
  +
|
−
! Pl
  
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Proximal<br />Definite
  
  +
|
−
! Erg
  
−
| -t
 +
|
−
| -t
 +
|
  +
|
−
| -eet
  
−
| -t
 +
|
  +
|
−
| -ttu
  
  +
|
−
| -yyt
  
−
| -d
 +
|
−
| -d
 +
|
−
| -d
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
−
! Acc
  
−
| -n
  
−
| -nn
  
−
| -n
  
−
| -n
  
−
| -n
  
−
| -n
  
−
| -gu
  
−
| -gg
  
−
| -g
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! Int
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
| -kt
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
−
| -ük
  
−
| -ük
  
−
| -tk
  
−
| -tu
  
−
| -ta
  
−
| -i
  
−
| -ti
  
−
| -d
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
−
! Dat
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
−
| -m
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
−
| -m
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
−
| -um
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
−
| -mm
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
−
| -m
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
−
| -m
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
−
| -dd
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
−
| -dd
  
−
| -dd
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
−
| -s
  
  +
|
−
| -ş
  
  +
|
−
| -şyy
  
−
| -s
 +
|
  +
|
−
| -ss
  
  +
|
−
| -sa
  
  +
|
−
| -sja
  
−
| -d
 +
|
−
| -t
 +
|
  +
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
−
! rowspan=5 | Medial
  
  +
|
−
! Erg
  
  +
|
−
| -tly
  
  +
|
−
| -tly
  
  +
|
−
| -otta
  
  +
|
−
| -taa
  
  +
|
−
| -tta
  
  +
|
−
| -yta
  
  +
|
−
| -dy
  
  +
|
−
| -dy
  
−
| -dy
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Acc
  
  +
|
−
| -nu
  
  +
|
−
| -nnü
  
  +
|
−
| -nu
  
  +
|
−
| -nu
  
  +
|
−
| -nu
  
  +
|
−
| -nu
  
  +
|
−
| -gu
  
  +
|
−
| -ggy
  
  +
|
−
| -gyy
  
−
|-
  
−
! Int
  
−
| -kttjë
  
−
| -kttë
  
−
| -kttjë
  
−
| -tkö
  
−
| -tkö
  
−
| -tkö
  
−
| -isj
  
−
| -isj
  
−
| -izj
  
−
|-
  
−
! Dat
  
−
| -mu
  
−
| -mu
  
−
| -mu
  
−
| -mmu
  
−
| -muu
  
−
| -muu
  
−
| -dii
  
−
| -dii
  
−
| -dii
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! Ref
  
  +
|
−
| -şy
  
  +
|
−
| -şy
  
  +
|
−
| -şyy
  
  +
|
−
| -sa
  
  +
|
−
| -ssa
  
  +
|
−
| -sa
  
  +
|
−
| -şy
  
  +
|
−
| -şy
  
  +
|
−
| -şy
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 | Distal
  
−
! Erg
  
−
| -töf
  
−
| -töf
  
−
| -ötëf
  
−
| -şja
  
−
| -şja
  
−
| -yşja
  
−
| -dzy
  
−
| -dzy
  
−
| -dzy
  
−
|-
  
−
! Acc
  
−
| -nutt
  
−
| -nnüt
  
−
| -nutt
  
−
| -nutt
  
−
| -nutt
  
−
| -nutt
  
−
| -gus
  
−
| -ggys
  
−
| -gyys
  
−
|-
  
−
! Int
  
−
| -ktës
  
−
| -ktës
  
−
| -ktës
  
−
| -tkjöǧ
  
−
| -tkjöǧ
  
−
| -tköǧ
  
−
| -iss
  
−
| -iss
  
−
| -izz
  
−
|-
  
−
! Dat
  
−
| -mup
  
−
| -mup
  
−
| -mmup
  
−
| -mup
  
−
| -mup
  
−
| -mup
  
−
| -iidz
  
−
| -iidz
  
−
| -iidz
  
−
|-
  
−
! Ref
  
−
| -şyfj
  
−
| -şyf
  
−
| -şyf
  
−
| -şyfj
  
−
| -şyf
  
−
| -şyf
  
−
| -şyfj
  
−
| -şyfj
  
−
| -şyf
  
−
|}
  
−
-->
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=14 |Possessive Suffix
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
  
−
! colspan=3 | First Decl
  
−
! colspan=3 | Second Decl
  
−
! colspan=3 | Third Decl
  
−
|-
  
−
! Sg
  
−
! Pc
  
−
! Pl
  
−
! Sg
  
−
! Pc
  
−
! Pl
  
−
! Sg
  
−
! Pc
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! rowspan=3 | First Person
  
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,395: Line 3,798:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,406: Line 3,809:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,417: Line 3,820:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
! rowspan=3 | Second Person
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Perfective'''
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,429: Line 3,832:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Retrospective'''
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,440: Line 3,843:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Pausative'''
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,451: Line 3,854:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Inceptive'''
−
! rowspan=3 | Third Person
  
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,463: Line 3,865:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Continuative'''
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,474: Line 3,876:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Terminative'''
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,484: Line 3,886:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|}
  
−  
−
==Adjective==
  
−  
−
Adjectives are genderless in their original form as a rule and acquire a gender to agree with the noun they modify. They also agree with the number while person is irrelevant. The adjectives are strict on always needing a noun after them,if one wishes to express "being X"one uses the predicate endings and treat it as a verb.
  
−  
−  
−  
−
In both cases the Positive form in comparative, there is no superlative form, means in the sense of more of the adjective, while negative means less so.
  
−  
−  
−  
−
Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=17| Predicate
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Genericative'''
−
! rowspan=2 |
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=2 | Temporative
  
  +
|
−
! colspan=2 | Permanent
  
−
|-
 +
|
  +
|
−
! P
  
  +
|
−
! N
  
  +
|
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
|-
  
−
! Base
  
−
| colspan=2 |
  
−
| colspan=2 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! Comparative
  
−
| -
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
  +
−
<!--
  
  +
====Living====
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
−
! colspan=17| Predicate
  
  +
! colspan=11 | Living (-öv)
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Active Voice
−
! rowspan=3 |
  
−
! colspan=8 | Temporative
  
−
! colspan=8 | Permanent
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 | Mag
 +
! colspan=11 | '''Agent'''
−
! colspan=2 | Liv
  
−
! colspan=2 | Art
  
−
! colspan=2 | Non
  
−
! colspan=2 | Mag
  
−
! colspan=2 | Liv
  
−
! colspan=2 | Art
  
−
! colspan=2 | Non
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
−
! P
  
−
! N
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
−
! Base
  
−
| colspan=2 | -m
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
−
| colspan=2 | -m
 +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
−
| colspan=2 | -m
  
−
| colspan=2 | -m
  
−
| colspan=2 | -z
  
−
| colspan=2 | -z
  
−
| colspan=2 | -z
  
−
| colspan=2 | -z
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
! Comparative
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -mam
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -nam
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| -möm
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -num
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -mym
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
−
| -mem
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
−
| -müm
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
−
| -mom
  
−
| -maz
  
−
| -naz
  
−
| -möz
  
−
| -nöz
  
−
| -nez
  
−
| -mez
  
−
| -om
  
−
| -noz
  
−
|}
  
−
-->
  
−
:{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan = 7 | Base Declension
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! rowspan=1 |Gender
 +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
−
! colspan=1 | Singular
  
  +
| -ivvas
−
! colspan=1 | Puacal
  
  +
| -indzüş
−
! colspan=1 | Plural
  
  +
| -övliş
  +
| -müvves
  +
| -monnaş
  +
| -omaiş
  +
| -safiş
  +
| -esnat
  +
| -şaiş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
! style="background: #8282de;" | None-Moving
  
  +
| -efjoss
−
| style="background: #8282de;" | -o
  
  +
| -idzësit
−
| style="background: #8282de;" | -ot
  
  +
| -ësjit
−
| style="background: #8282de;" | -otje
  
  +
| -müvët
  +
| -monnëz
  +
| -omësji
  +
| -saviiş
  +
| -işneziş
  +
| -şediş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
−
! style="background: #82de82;" | Living
  
  +
| -evžëës
−
| style="background: #82de82;" | -ö
  
  +
| -indössiş
−
| style="background: #82de82;" | -uş
  
  +
| -aššuş
−
| style="background: #82de82;" | -öşë
  
  +
| -movžit
  +
| -montës
  +
| -omašöş
  +
| -savëšiş
  +
| -işnšëiş
  +
| -şafšëiş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
−
! style="background: #de82de;" | Artificial
  
  +
| -ifjǧyt
−
| style="background: #de82de;" | -y
  
  +
| -andyǧs
−
| style="background: #de82de;" | -yn
  
  +
| -övyism
−
| style="background: #de82de;" | -ymjii
  
  +
| -müvmiş
  +
| -monmiş
  +
| -omyşm
  +
| -şavmë
  +
| -işnmy
  +
| -tasyme
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
−
! style="background: #de8282;" | Magical
  
  +
| -ivoşŋ
−
| style="background: #de8282;" | -a
  
  +
| -inşnos
−
| style="background: #de8282;" | -as
  
  +
| -övŋit
−
| style="background: #de8282;" | -asma
  
  +
| -müvŋiş
−
|}
  
  +
| -monŋi
−  
  +
| -omavŋ
−
:{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
  
  +
| -şavŋit
−
! colspan = 7 | Comperative<br />Superlative Declension
  
  +
| -isnoss
  +
| -şaŋif
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=2 |Gender
  
  +
| -ivdjaş
−
! colspan=2 | Singular
  
  +
| -idjas
−
! colspan=2 | Puacal
  
  +
| -azdjas
−
! colspan=2 | Plural
  
  +
| -müvdjiş
  +
| -momdois
  +
| -omaaş
  +
| -şazdjat
  +
| -insadit
  +
| -tavviit
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
−
! Positive
  
  +
| -ivevşi
−
! Negative
  
  +
| -inzuvs
−
! Positive
  
  +
| -övevi
−
! Negative
  
  +
| -myviss
−
! Positive
  
  +
| -monëvi
−
! Negative
  
  +
| -omave
  +
| -şavët
  +
| -isnevi
  +
| -şaviş
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
−
! style="background: #8282de;" | None-Moving
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -ivvös
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -enşö
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -evlös
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -mövöš
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -monasö
−
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  
  +
| -ümaöt
  +
| -saaşö
  +
| -esnaöt
  +
| -siişö
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
! style="background: #82de82;" | Living
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  
−
|-
  
−
! style="background: #de82de;" | Artificial
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  
−
|-
  
−
! style="background: #de8282;" | Magical
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
===Order===
  
−
#quality
  
−
#quantity
  
−
#size
  
−
#age
  
−
#opinion
  
−
#shape
  
−
#color
  
−
#proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
  
−
#purpose or qualifier
  
−  
−
==Adverbs==
  
−
Adverbs are non-existent and postpositional phrases takes care of their job
  
−  
−  
−
==Pronouns==
  
−  
−  
−
===Personal Pronouns===
  
−
Umbrean have many personal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
!rowspan="3" colspan="3"|Case
  
−
!colspan="5"|Ergative
  
−
!colspan="5"|Accusative
  
−
!colspan="5"|Intransitive
  
−
!colspan="5"|Dative
  
−
!colspan="5"|Reflexive
  
−
|-
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|sg.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pc.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pl.
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|sg.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pc.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pl.
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|sg.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pc.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pl.
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|sg.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pc.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pl.
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="1"|sg.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pc.
  
−
!colspan="2"|pl.
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
! colspan="1"| coll.
  
−
! colspan="1"| distr.
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan="2" rowspan=2|1st
  
−
! inc.
  
−
| rowspan=2 |mşë
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| rowspan=2 |
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| rowspan=2 |
  
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
| rowspan=2 |
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| rowspan=2 |
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,752: Line 4,035:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
−
! exc.
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,762: Line 4,045:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,771: Line 4,056:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|2nd
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Common
  
−
|öǧm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,784: Line 4,067:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,792: Line 4,077:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -evlö
  +
| -indzö
  +
| -öv
  +
| -mëvvö
  +
| -monn
  +
| -omöv
  +
| -şövl
  +
| -işnö
  +
| -şöv
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
  +
| -efjës
  +
| -indzës
  +
| -ësj
  +
| -müvët
  +
| -monnëz
  +
| -omaësj
  +
| -savëz
  +
| -işnësj
  +
| -şaëd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
  +
| -evžë
  +
| -indösšë
  +
| -afšë
  +
| -movvž
  +
| -monšë
  +
| -omašë
  +
| -savëš
  +
| -işnšë
  +
| -şafšë
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ivlyǧ
  +
| -andyǧ
  +
| -övyǧm
  +
| -müvvym
  +
| -monym
  +
| -omym
  +
| -şavvym
  +
| -işnymm
  +
| -tasym
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivoŋ
  +
| -inşno
  +
| -övŋo
  +
| -müüvoŋ
  +
| -monoŋ
  +
| -omavoŋ
  +
| -şavvoŋ
  +
| -isnoŋ
  +
| -şaoŋ
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivldja
  +
| -indja
  +
| -övdja
  +
| -müvadj
  +
| -mondjo
  +
| -omadja
  +
| -şavdja
  +
| -isnadj
  +
| -tavja
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivleef
  +
| -inzuef
  +
| -övef
  +
| -myvvef
  +
| -monev
  +
| -omave
  +
| -şavlë
  +
| -isnef
  +
| -şavvë
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivaö
  +
| -innö
  +
| -övö
  +
| -müvö
  +
| -monö
  +
| -ömav
  +
| -šavvö
  +
| -aşmö
  +
| -şivö
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,802: Line 4,196:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Respect
  
−
|möǧm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,813: Line 4,206:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,822: Line 4,217:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,828: Line 4,225:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!rowspan="8"|3rd
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
  
−
|Dëšt
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,845: Line 4,239:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,854: Line 4,250:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivjaöd
  +
| -andüüdl
  +
| -övjüdl
  +
| -müüdl
  +
| -omdla
  +
| -omadl
  +
| -şabüd
  +
| -işmü
  +
| -dzaš
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
  +
| -efjödl
  +
| -inzöd
  +
| -ösjüdl
  +
| -müvütü
 
|
  
|
  +
  +
-mënöt
  +
| -omaësjüdl
  +
| -saazüg
  +
| -işnësjüdl
  +
| -şaëdüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
  +
| -evžës
  +
| -inöšöüd
  +
| -afšööt
  +
| -movžüdl
  +
| -monšöt
  +
| -omažödl
  +
| -savëdl
  +
| -işnšödl
  +
| -şafšëdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
  +
| -ivlygü
  +
| -andgaüdl
  +
| -afǧmüt
  +
| -müvüd
  +
| -monnüd
  +
| -immüdl
  +
| -şavmütl
  +
| -işymm
  +
| -tassmüz
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
  +
| -ivoŋüt
  +
| -inşnüüdl
  +
| -övoünd
  +
| -müüvoŋg
  +
| -moŋŋüd
  +
| -omavoŋk
  +
| -tavoŋüd
  +
| -issoŋüdl
  +
| -şooŋüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
  +
| -ivdjaüd
  +
| -indjaüdl
  +
| -övdaadl
  +
| -müvvdjüü
  +
| -mondjood
  +
| -omadl
  +
| -şavdad
  +
| -isnadedl
  +
| -ttavadl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
  +
| -ivlüüd
  +
| -inzifüdl
  +
| -övvidl
  +
| -myvvët
  +
| -monevüdl
  +
| -omög
  +
| -dzavlöd
  +
| -innevüdl
  +
| -şavvös
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivvedöüdl
  +
| -annööüdl
  +
| -aftlöüdl
  +
| -mëdlöüdl
  +
| -ontlöüdl
  +
| -omadlöüdl
  +
| -zabböüdl
  +
| -ažmöüdl
  +
| -dzažöüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Living
  
−
|Döst
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,867: Line 4,369:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,875: Line 4,379:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,885: Line 4,392:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Artificial
  
−
|Deş
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,896: Line 4,402:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,905: Line 4,413:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,911: Line 4,421:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Non-Move
  
−
|Dom
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Patient
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,926: Line 4,454:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,935: Line 4,465:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1 rowspan=3|Person
  
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,948: Line 4,476:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,957: Line 4,487:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,967: Line 4,499:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Male
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,977: Line 4,509:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,984: Line 4,518:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 5,994: Line 4,533:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|Female
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,004: Line 4,543:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,011: Line 4,552:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,021: Line 4,566:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
−
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
  
−
|Von
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,032: Line 4,576:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,038: Line 4,584:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,047: Line 4,598:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|}
  
−  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=3 rowspan=3 |
  
−
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |1st
  
−
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |2nd
  
−
! colspan=6 |3rd
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=3 | Person
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
−
! colspan=3 | Object
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
−
! rowspan=1 | Sg
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
−
! rowspan=1 | Pc
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
−
! rowspan=1 | Pl
  
−
! rowspan=1 | Sg
  
−
! rowspan=1 | Pc
  
−
! rowspan=1 | Pl
  
−
! Sg
  
−
! Pc
  
−
! Pl
  
−
! Sg
  
−
! Pc
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
−
! rowspan=3 colspan=2| 1st
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
−
! Sg
  
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -epja
  +
| -imža
  +
| -pa
  +
| -mëpja
  +
| -miza
  +
| -mba
  +
| -isëpj
  +
| -ismza
  +
| -ispa
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,083: Line 4,638:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,094: Line 4,649:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,099: Line 4,656:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,114: Line 4,672:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=3 colspan=2| 2nd
  
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,125: Line 4,682:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,136: Line 4,693:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,142: Line 4,702:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,157: Line 4,717:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
! rowspan=6| 3rd
  
−
! rowspan=3| Person
  
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,169: Line 4,727:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,180: Line 4,738:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,186: Line 4,746:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,201: Line 4,761:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
−
! rowspan=3| Object
  
−
! Sg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,212: Line 4,771:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,223: Line 4,799:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,229: Line 4,807:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! Pl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,243: Line 4,821:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|}
  
−  
−  
−
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö
  
−  
−
==Obviative==
  
−
Obviative is used to mark the less important thing in an sentence.
  
−  
−
For example if one speaks of two men, Josef and Carl. Wishing to say for "Josef pushed Carl, after that he punched him" the later sentence lacks specification as both pronouns may apply to either Josef of carl, One would add or have the part representing Carl obviative as he is the least important of the two as josef is the one doing the actions.
  
−  
−
Obviative is marked with the suffix "adj(G)" where (G) represent the gender vowel of the noun and is placed onto the stem
  
−  
−
==Reflexive==
  
−
Reflexive is achived by using reflexive case [[Umbrean Lessons/26 Reflexive]]
  
−  
−
==Genitive==
  
−
Umbrean does not have a genitive case, a postposition is used instead. It is done in a manner similar to Spanish, which says like "House of Jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind Jacob and becomes "Jacob of House" translated of course. And it should be noticed not everything in Umbrean we consider possessed is possessed there, and they have alien and inalienable possession.
  
−  
−
==Correlatives==
  
−  
−  
−
{{fixup}}
  
−  
−  
−  
−
Correlatives are declined like the type they belong to.
  
−  
−
Pro-forms have a couple of additional cases
  
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=2| Case
  
−
! Desription
  
−
! Exampel
  
−
|-
  
−
! Vialis
  
−
! Via
  
−
| Through or by
  
−
| by the way of the house<br />Through the house
  
−
|-
  
−
! Lative
  
−
! Lat
  
−
| motion to location
  
−
| To the house
  
−
|-
  
−
! Ablative
  
−
! Abl
  
−
| motion away from location
  
−
| away from the house
  
−
|-
  
−
! Locative
  
−
! Loc
  
−
| Location of
  
−
| at the house
  
−
|-
  
−
! Temporative
  
−
! Tmp
  
−
| At the time of
  
−
| at the time of now
  
−
|-
  
−
! Antessative
  
−
! Ant
  
−
| Before
  
−
| before now
  
−
|-
  
−
! Postive
  
−
! Pst
  
−
| After
  
−
| after now/Later
  
−
|-
  
−
! Casual
  
−
! Csl
  
−
| Due to, because of, by method of, by manner of
  
−
| How
  
−
|-
  
−
! Instrumental
  
−
! Ins
  
−
| By means of
  
−
| With a hammer
  
−
|}
  
−  
−  
−
:
  
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;float:left;"
  
−
!colspan="4" rowspan="4"|
  
−
!rowspan="3" colspan=3|Interrogative
  
−
!colspan="18"|Demonstrative
  
−
!colspan="25" rowspan="2"|Quantifier
  
−
|-
  
−
!colspan="9"|Determiner
  
−
!colspan="9"|Pronoun
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=3|Proximal
  
−
! colspan=3|Semi-distal
  
−
! colspan=3|Distal
  
−
! colspan=3|Proximal
  
−
! colspan=3|Semi-distal
  
−
! colspan=3|Distal
  
−
! colspan=3|Existential
  
−
! colspan=3|Elective
  
−
! colspan=3|Universal
  
−
! colspan=3|Most
  
−
! colspan=3|Negative
  
−
! colspan=3|Collective
  
−
! colspan=3|Distributive
  
−
|-
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
−
!sg.
  
−
!pc.
  
−
!pl.
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
−
!colspan="2" rowspan="20"|Determinal
  
−
!rowspan=5 |Living
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttus
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|öşm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,404: Line 4,832:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,413: Line 4,843:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,420: Line 4,852:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|Omn
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,432: Line 4,865:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,443: Line 4,877:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,452: Line 4,888:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,461: Line 4,899:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,470: Line 4,910:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,480: Line 4,922:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,490: Line 4,932:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,499: Line 4,943:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,508: Line 4,973:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,517: Line 4,984:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,523: Line 4,992:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,537: Line 5,006:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,546: Line 5,017:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,555: Line 5,028:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,564: Line 5,039:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,575: Line 5,051:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,584: Line 5,062:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,593: Line 5,073:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,602: Line 5,084:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,612: Line 5,096:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=5 |Magical
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttas
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|aşm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,625: Line 5,106:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,634: Line 5,117:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivla
  +
| -indzü
  +
| -öv
  +
| -müvva
  +
| -monn
  +
| -omav
  +
| -şavl
  +
| -işnna
  +
| -şaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,643: Line 5,156:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,652: Line 5,167:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,664: Line 5,178:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,673: Line 5,189:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,682: Line 5,200:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,691: Line 5,211:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,701: Line 5,224:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,711: Line 5,234:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,720: Line 5,245:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,729: Line 5,256:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,738: Line 5,267:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,744: Line 5,275:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,758: Line 5,289:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,767: Line 5,317:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,776: Line 5,328:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,785: Line 5,339:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,796: Line 5,350:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,805: Line 5,361:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,814: Line 5,372:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,823: Line 5,383:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,833: Line 5,396:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
! rowspan=5 |Non-Moving
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttüf
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|üşm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,846: Line 5,406:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,855: Line 5,417:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,864: Line 5,428:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,873: Line 5,439:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,885: Line 5,450:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,894: Line 5,461:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Anti-Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,903: Line 5,491:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,912: Line 5,502:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,922: Line 5,514:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,932: Line 5,524:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,941: Line 5,535:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,950: Line 5,546:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,956: Line 5,554:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,966: Line 5,570:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,976: Line 5,580:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,985: Line 5,591:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 6,994: Line 5,602:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,000: Line 5,610:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,010: Line 5,625:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,020: Line 5,635:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| -žezö
  +
| -žendzü
  +
| -žöv
  +
| -žmüm
  +
| -žmo
  +
| -žëmmö
  +
| -dzövl
  +
| -žinnö
  +
| -ždöf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,029: Line 5,674:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,038: Line 5,685:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,047: Line 5,696:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,052: Line 5,703:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 |Mechanical
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|kötty
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|yşm
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,070: Line 5,718:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,079: Line 5,729:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,088: Line 5,741:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,098: Line 5,753:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,108: Line 5,763:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,117: Line 5,774:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,126: Line 5,785:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,135: Line 5,796:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,141: Line 5,804:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,155: Line 5,835:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,164: Line 5,846:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,173: Line 5,857:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,182: Line 5,868:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,193: Line 5,879:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,202: Line 5,890:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,211: Line 5,901:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,220: Line 5,913:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,230: Line 5,925:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,240: Line 5,935:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,249: Line 5,946:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,258: Line 5,957:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,263: Line 5,964:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,273: Line 5,980:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Applicative Voice
−
!rowspan="41"|
  
−
Pronoun
  
−
!rowspan="31"|
  
−
One of
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! rowspan=5 |Sapient
 +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
−
!Erg
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
−
|köşu
  
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,290: Line 6,009:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,299: Line 6,020:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,308: Line 6,031:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,317: Line 6,042:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,322: Line 6,049:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,337: Line 6,064:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,346: Line 6,075:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,355: Line 6,087:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,364: Line 6,098:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,375: Line 6,109:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,384: Line 6,120:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,393: Line 6,131:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,401: Line 6,141:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,411: Line 6,154:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
−
!Dat
  
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -ivla
  +
| -indzü
  +
| -öv
  +
| -müvva
  +
| -monn
  +
| -omav
  +
| -şavl
  +
| -işnna
  +
| -şaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,421: Line 6,192:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,430: Line 6,203:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,439: Line 6,214:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,445: Line 6,222:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,455: Line 6,237:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,465: Line 6,247:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,474: Line 6,259:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,483: Line 6,270:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,488: Line 6,277:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,498: Line 6,293:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
−
! rowspan=5 |Living
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttu
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,510: Line 6,303:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,519: Line 6,314:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,528: Line 6,325:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,533: Line 6,349:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,543: Line 6,365:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
!Acc
  
−
|köttu
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,554: Line 6,375:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,563: Line 6,386:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,572: Line 6,397:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,577: Line 6,404:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,587: Line 6,420:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
−
!Int
  
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
−
|köttu
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,598: Line 6,431:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,607: Line 6,442:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,616: Line 6,453:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,621: Line 6,460:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,631: Line 6,476:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
−
!Dat
  
−
|köttu
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,642: Line 6,486:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,651: Line 6,497:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=11 | Imperative
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Middle'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,660: Line 6,527:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,665: Line 6,534:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,675: Line 6,550:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
−
!Ref
  
−
|köttu
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,686: Line 6,560:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,695: Line 6,571:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,704: Line 6,582:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,709: Line 6,589:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,719: Line 6,606:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Retrospective'''
−
! rowspan=5 |Magical
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|kötta
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,731: Line 6,616:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,740: Line 6,627:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,749: Line 6,638:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,758: Line 6,649:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,763: Line 6,656:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
−
|kötta
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,779: Line 6,671:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
  +
| -epja
  +
| -imža
  +
| -pa
  +
| -mëpja
  +
| -miza
  +
| -mba
  +
| -isëpj
  +
| -ismza
  +
| -ispa
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,789: Line 6,711:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,798: Line 6,722:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,808: Line 6,734:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
−
!Int
  
−
|kötta
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,819: Line 6,744:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,828: Line 6,755:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,837: Line 6,766:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,842: Line 6,774:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,852: Line 6,790:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Pausative'''
−
!Dat
  
−
|kötta
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,863: Line 6,800:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,872: Line 6,811:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,881: Line 6,822:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,890: Line 6,833:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,895: Line 6,840:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Anti-<br />Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Passive'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Middle'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
−
!Ref
  
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
−
|kötta
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,907: Line 6,872:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,916: Line 6,883:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,925: Line 6,894:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,930: Line 6,901:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,940: Line 6,917:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
−
! rowspan=5 |Non-Moving
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,952: Line 6,927:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,961: Line 6,938:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,970: Line 6,950:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,979: Line 6,961:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 7,984: Line 6,968:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,000: Line 6,983:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,009: Line 6,994:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,018: Line 7,005:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | *'''Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,027: Line 7,016:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
  +
====Artificial====
  +
Artificial (-ev)
  +
====Non-Moving====
  +
Non-Moving (-ov)
  +
  +
<!--
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Agent
 
|-
  
|-
−
!Int
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Patient
  +
|-
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
Living (-öv)
  +
Mechanical (-ev)
  +
Non-Moving (-ov)
  +
  +
<!--
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Agent
  +
|-
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Patient
  +
|-
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
Living (-öv)
  +
Mechanical (-ev)
  +
Non-Moving (-ov)
  +
  +
<!--
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  +
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Agent
 
|-
  
|-
−
!Dat
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=4 | Patient
  +
|-
 
|
  
|
  +
| Singular
  +
| Paucal
  +
| Plural
  +
|-
  +
| First
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Second
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| Third
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
-->
  +
  +
<!--
  +
Umbrean verbs agrees according to the person and number in subject, direct object and indirect object by adding an ending which has its meaning.
  +
  +
['''Intransitive'''/'''Ergative-Accusative''']-'''Dative'''
  +
  +
{{Um-Conj}}
  +
-->
  +
<!--
  +
===Tempus===
  +
Tense aspect and negation is combined into a suffix which comes right before the person conjugation
  +
{{Um-Verb/Tempus|root=-}}
  +
  +
Obs:
  +
  +
Continuative may be used as progressive and genericative as habitual
  +
-->
  +
  +
===tInfinitive===
  +
  +
Denotes the action as a noun.
  +
{| class=wikitable
  +
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 |
  +
! colspan=4 | Gender
  +
|-
  +
! Magical
  +
! Living
  +
! Artificial
  +
! Non-moving
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=5 | Case
  +
! Erg
  +
| -as
  +
| -öšš
  +
| -ŋy
  +
| -ios
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
  +
| -miin
  +
| -amöss
  +
| -ym
  +
| -iom
  +
|-
  +
! Int
  +
| -ëñ
  +
| -ënö
  +
| -nvly
  +
| -ñü
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
  +
| -mna
  +
| -nööm
  +
| -yŋii
  +
| -blo
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
  +
| -pje
  +
| -öpp
  +
| -ööǧi
  +
| -üüž
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Gerund===
  +
Gerund form of a verb is used to form noun phrases and changes according to tense
  +
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  +
! colspan=3 rowspan=3 |
  +
! colspan=15 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=5 | Passive
  +
! colspan=5 | Anti-<br>Passive
  +
! colspan=5 | Applicative
  +
|-
  +
! Erg
  +
! Acc
  +
! Int
  +
! Dat
  +
! Ref
  +
! Erg
  +
! Acc
  +
! Int
  +
! Dat
  +
! Ref
  +
! Erg
  +
! Acc
  +
! Int
  +
! Dat
  +
! Ref
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=21 |Pos
  +
! rowspan=7 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=7 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=7 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=21 |Neg
  +
! rowspan=7 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=7 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=7 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  +
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 |
  +
! colspan=7 | Aspects
  +
|-
  +
! Perfective
  +
! Retrospective
  +
! Pausative
  +
! Inceptive
  +
! Continuative
  +
! Terminative
  +
! Genericative
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=15 | Pos
  +
! rowspan=5 | Past
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,102: Line 7,988:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,109: Line 7,997:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,117: Line 8,007:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Dat
−
!Ref
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,126: Line 8,015:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,133: Line 8,024:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=5 | Present
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,140: Line 8,034:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,147: Line 8,043:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,152: Line 8,050:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,160: Line 8,062:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Ref
−
! rowspan=5 |Mechanical
  
−
!Erg
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,170: Line 8,070:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=5 | Future
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,177: Line 8,080:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,184: Line 8,089:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,191: Line 8,098:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,197: Line 8,106:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,205: Line 8,117:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! rowspan=15 | Neg
−
!Acc
  
  +
! rowspan=5 | Past
−
|köttü
  
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,214: Line 8,127:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,221: Line 8,136:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,228: Line 8,145:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,235: Line 8,154:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,241: Line 8,162:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=5 | Present
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,249: Line 8,174:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Acc
−
!Int
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,258: Line 8,182:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,265: Line 8,191:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,272: Line 8,200:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,279: Line 8,209:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=5 | Future
  +
! Erg
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,285: Line 8,218:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,293: Line 8,229:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Int
−
!Dat
  
−
|köttü
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,302: Line 8,237:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,309: Line 8,246:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,316: Line 8,255:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
{{Um-Verb/Gerund|liv}}
  +
{{Um-Verb/Gerund|mag}}
  +
{{Um-Verb/Gerund|non}}
  +
{{Um-Verb/Gerund|art}}
  +
<!--
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! Gender
  +
! Suffix
  +
|-
  +
! Magical
  +
| -ña
  +
|-
  +
! Living
  +
| -ücu
  +
|-
  +
! Artificial
  +
| -pay
  +
|-
  +
! None-Moving
  +
| -leü
  +
|}-->
  +
  +
===Participles===
  +
  +
Participles come in 2 shapes all get the endings added from the list below to turn them from the verb form but differ slightly.
  +
#Attributive: Gains the adjectival participles suffix and is then declined like an adjectve (The ''Verbing'' Noun, The ''burning'' car)
  +
#Substantive: Gains the noun participles suffix but is then also added noun declension to match their position as a noun (The ''one who verbed'', The ''one who ate'')
  +
##Must take the gender of what it replaces or is thought to replace.
  +
  +
{| class=wikitable
  +
! colspan=2 rowspan=4 |
  +
! colspan=10 | Voices
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=6 | Active
  +
! colspan=3 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=2 | Past
  +
! colspan=2 | Present
  +
! colspan=2 | Future
  +
! colspan=1 | Past
  +
! colspan=1 | Present
  +
! colspan=1 | Future
  +
<!--! Past-->
  +
! colspan=1 | Present
  +
<!--! Future-->
  +
|-
  +
! Perfective
  +
! Inceptive
  +
! Continuative
  +
! Genericative
  +
! Terminative
  +
! Retrospective
  +
<!-- passive -->
  +
! Perfective
  +
! Continueative
  +
! Terminative
  +
! Perfective<br />Continuative
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=2 | Attribute
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Substantive
  +
! Living
  +
|-
  +
! Artificial
  +
|-
  +
! Magical
  +
|-
  +
! Non-Moving
  +
|}
  +
{| class=wikitable
  +
! colspan=12 | Relative Participle
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
  +
! colspan=9 | Voices
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=3 | Anti-<br />Passive
  +
! colspan=3 | Passive
  +
! colspan=3 | Applicative
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Past
  +
! colspan=1 | Present
  +
! colspan=1 | Future
  +
! colspan=1 | Past
  +
! colspan=1 | Present
  +
! colspan=1 | Future
  +
! colspan=1 | Past
  +
! colspan=1 | Present
  +
! colspan=1 | Future
  +
|-
  +
! Rowspan=7 | Pos
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Rowspan=7 | Neg
  +
! Perfective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Retrospective
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
<!--{{Um-Verb/Participle|root=-}}
  +
  +
Something to notice about is when in the line the participle is applied. If it is applied before tempus and person (hence those are not applied at all) it will just mean something in general that does the verb, while with the others on it specifies tempus and person.
  +
-->
  +
<!--
  +
====Adjective Participles====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=5 | Adjective participles
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -nih || -zac || -twá
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -s'uv' || -v'öxr || -x'é
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -xis' || -él || -fyc
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -tóx || -ñóv || -öc
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -v'ös || -mic || -voz'
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -xö || -twis || -ñok
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -vöv || -tó || -rós
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -nu || -v'u || -ru
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -dy || -róc || -is'
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -bi || -xom || -oxr
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -tös || -vuñ || -pyx
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -v'im || -caf || -car
  +
|}
  +
  +
====Noun Participles====
  +
  +
=====Person=====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -amu || -anu || -alcóu
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -ñu || -aku ||-dwau
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -adwau || -diu ||-twiu
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -aliu || -avneu ||-acpou
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -káu || -anmáu ||-es'u
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -xöu || -ökcu ||-xröu
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -ámlöu || -alpeu ||-owiu
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -noju || -vóu ||-ru
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -tou || -góju ||-ofu
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -ojnu || -qau ||-qwau
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -öñleu || -jöu ||-böciu
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -öcu || -uldiu ||-ulnau
  +
|}
  +
  +
=====Magic=====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -jöa || -póa || -nia
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -zya || -a'za ||-gáxwia
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -v'öa || -ra ||-tañlöa
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -ijbia || -zöa ||-uháa
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -rölmoa || -ixwua ||-záxa
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -ukwia || -taña ||-xrya
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -órwáa || -sóa ||-dwya
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -vua || -zia ||-us'a
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -ta || -oclua ||-óqua
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -azwia || -gia ||-sóa
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -röra || -ingea ||-öhia
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -amqoa || -xyxa ||-yctia
  +
|}
  +
  +
=====Living=====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -dwojniu || -cöu || -ulciu
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -z'áu || -rou ||-yñlau
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -twinu || -áktiu ||-ócxóu
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -ómlu || -pynlu ||-coiu
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -ñocu || -kólmeu ||-otu
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -jonliu || -uxniu ||-v'yu
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -cynmau || -öjtau ||-vódwiu
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -ñöu || -toxmiu ||-ujnau
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -caxwáu || -twosmiu ||-ólneu
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -hyu || -opiu ||-zou
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -ynu || -biu ||-s'u
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -rónu || -hau ||-öjtwiu
  +
|}
  +
  +
=====Artificial=====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -árwiy || -áy || -s'óy
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -nölcay || -qway ||-ombey
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -öcnay || -daby ||-diy
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -cay || -námy ||-nölciy
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -palcey || -kosy ||-ogy
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -piy || -ñy ||-votay
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -móy || -miy ||-axwóy
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -góms'óy || -nyntiy ||-yrnay
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -öv'nay || -tway ||-zoy
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -xröy || -ödwiy ||-alcay
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -zusy || -imlay ||-az'y
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -cáy || -qöy ||-bölqwiy
  +
|}
  +
  +
=====Non-Moving=====
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 | Tense
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 | Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=1 | Active
  +
! colspan=1 | Passive
  +
! colspan=1 | Middle
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Past
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -tuó || -öhaó || -umó
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -váó || -nyldwió ||-wynó
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -anmió || -ykwaó ||-oñó
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -yrzió || -axwaó ||-olmeó
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Present
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -ñomlió || -avcaó ||-twaó
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -jöó || -xöqwió ||-numlaó
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -aó || -ófó ||-zojtió
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -coró || -myó ||-ymtió
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Future
  +
! Perfective
  +
| -cómó || -ölcaó ||-ukwaó
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| -onvaó || -undió ||-öió
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| -zyswió || -ajtwaó ||-dwyqwió
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| -v'öó || -kyndaó ||-qumdáó
  +
|}
  +
-->
  +
  +
===Supine===
  +
A supine is formed by adding ending which depends on the verb class and treat the nouns around as part of it, keeping SOV structure and so on.
  +
  +
===Verb forms===
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 |
  +
! colspan=4 | Passive
  +
|-
  +
! Living
  +
! Artificial
  +
! Non-moving
  +
! Magical
  +
|-
  +
! Gerundive
  +
| -tji
  +
| -zan
  +
| -pin
  +
| -amm
  +
|-
  +
! Supine
  +
| -ivvu
  +
| -ansy
  +
| -nü
  +
| -gva
  +
|-
  +
! Abilitative
  +
| -zin
  +
| -inm
  +
| -öbld
  +
| -dma
  +
|-
  +
! Permissative
  +
| -tju
  +
| -vzy
  +
| -fi
  +
| -vvlës
  +
|-
  +
! Possabilitative
  +
| -chon
  +
| -gööpi
  +
| -affi
  +
| -së
  +
|-
  +
! Advisabilitative
  +
| -zhiin
  +
| -tjoodd
  +
| -sun
  +
| -mi
  +
|-
  +
! Prohobitative
  +
| -gni
  +
| -khii
  +
| -pjikn
  +
| -omn
  +
|-
  +
! Hypothetical
  +
| -mi
  +
| -pjöss
  +
| -tjii
  +
| -nta
  +
|-
  +
! Potensial/Optative
  +
| -zoom
  +
| -ööf
  +
| -tjyy
  +
| -djöz
  +
|-
  +
! Dubative
  +
| -uff
  +
| -ökh
  +
| -zöö
  +
| -tyym
  +
|-
  +
! Conditional
  +
| -tlözh
  +
| -eef
  +
| -kny
  +
| -sevv
  +
|}
  +
All of these transforms the verb into an adjective like form which can also be used as nouns with copulas and is used for modality.
  +
*'''Gerundive''': Marks that the noun it modifies is needs or ought to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Abilative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is can or is able to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Permissative''': Marks that the noun it modifies has the permission to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Possabilitative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is possibly the object of the verb
  +
*'''Advisabilitative''': Marks that the noun it modifies is adviced to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Prohobative''': Marks that the noun it modifies forbidden to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Hypothetical''': Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Potensial/Optative''': Marks that the noun it modifies probably is or is wanted to be the object of the verb
  +
*'''Dubative''': Marks that the noun it modifies doubtfully is the object of the verb
  +
*'''Conditional''': Marks that the noun it modifies conditionally is the object of the verb
  +
  +
===Auxiliary===
  +
Umbrean uses some auxilary verbs for various purposes. It is placed behind the initial verb, takes the conjugations of tempus and person while the other is left in infinitive form.
  +
  +
===Caternative===
  +
Doesn't really exist since noun clauses are all of it.
  +
  +
==Nouns==
  +
===Genders===
  +
Umbrean genders include Non-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!Gender
  +
!Description
  +
!Example
  +
|-
  +
!Non-Moving
  +
|Things that can't move in any way by their own force
  +
|Stone, Wall, House
  +
|-
  +
!Living
  +
|Objects that are alive
  +
|Animal, Fish, Human
  +
|-
  +
!Mechanical
  +
|Machines, electronics etc
  +
|Steam engine, Train
  +
|-
  +
!Magical
  +
|Things that move seemingly without a cause
  +
|Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Noun Declension===
  +
====Cases====
  +
Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative and Reflexive
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!Case
  +
!Desription:
  +
|-
  +
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case Ergative]
  +
|The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb] in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative-absolutive_language ergative-absolutive languages]
  +
|-
  +
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case Accusative]
  +
|The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
  +
|-
  +
![http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive_case Intransitive]
  +
|The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_verb transitive verb]
  +
|-
  +
!Dative Case
  +
|The grammatical case used to define the indirect object of a bitransitive verb<br />and used for postpositional phrases
  +
|-
  +
!Reflexive Case
  +
|The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and<br />hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice
  +
|}
  +
  +
====Declension table====
  +
Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular
  +
  +
  +
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!Name
  +
!Amount
  +
|-
  +
!Singular
  +
|1
  +
|-
  +
!Paucal
  +
|2-6
  +
|-
  +
!Plural
  +
|6&lt;
  +
|}
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=17 |Case Declension
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 colspan=1 |
  +
! colspan=4 | First
  +
! colspan=4 | Second
  +
! colspan=4 | Third
  +
! colspan=4 | Fourth
  +
|-
  +
! Mag
  +
! Liv
  +
! Art
  +
! Non
  +
! Mag
  +
! Liv
  +
! Art
  +
! Non
  +
! Mag
  +
! Liv
  +
! Art
  +
! Non
  +
! Mag
  +
! Liv
  +
! Art
  +
! Non
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=17 |Singular
  +
|-
  +
! Erg
  +
| -asj
  +
| -ösj
  +
| -y
  +
| -üfj
  +
| -ia
  +
| -aö
  +
| -ny
  +
| -ios
  +
| -az
  +
| -ösj
  +
| -iz
  +
| -üv
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
  +
| -am
  +
| -aöm
  +
| -ymm
  +
| -öm
  +
| -amii
  +
| -aöm
  +
| -nym
  +
| -om
  +
| -adzm
  +
| -ödz
  +
| -izz
  +
| -üvz
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
  +
| -aë
  +
| -öë
  +
| -aë
  +
| -aü
  +
| -ëi
  +
|aö
  +
| -ë
  +
|oë
  +
| -am
  +
| -özm
  +
| -yzzm
  +
| -üfm
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
  +
| -na
  +
| -nöö
  +
| -ny
  +
| -nü
  +
| -ina
  +
| -naö
  +
| -nnë
  +
| -nio
  +
| -ǧa
  +
| -ǧös
  +
| -ǧyz
 
|
  
|
  +
-ǧüv
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
  +
| -ap
  +
| -ub
  +
| -yyp
  +
| -op
  +
| -apj
  +
| -ab
  +
| -nyp
  +
| -op
  +
| -ag
  +
| -ök
  +
| -ygb
  +
| -ǧüm
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,337: Line 9,095:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=17 |Paucal
−
!Ref
  
  +
|-
−
|kuttü
  
  +
! Erg
  +
| -ssi
  +
| -zu
  +
| -ös
  +
| -fi
  +
| -asi
  +
| -ös
  +
| -ens
  +
| -sio
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,347: Line 9,114:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
  +
| -ami
  +
| -ömi
  +
| -ym
  +
| -ëmü
  +
| -immi
  +
| -ami
  +
| -ym
  +
| -iom
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,355: Line 9,132:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
  +
| -ni
  +
| -ön
  +
| -enëë
  +
| -nü
  +
| -ni
  +
| -anö
  +
| -unë
  +
| -ion
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,363: Line 9,150:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
  +
| -ŋŋa
  +
| -ŋii
  +
| -ënn
  +
| -ŋü
  +
| -ŋii
  +
| -ŋii
  +
| -ëni
  +
| -ŋo
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,371: Line 9,168:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
  +
| -pja
  +
| -pja
  +
| -pe
  +
| -bü
  +
|pë
  +
| -öp
  +
| -up
  +
| -pjo
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,380: Line 9,187:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! colspan=17 |Plural
−
!rowspan=5|Information
  
  +
|-
−
!Erg
  
  +
! Erg
  +
| -ims
  +
| -öm
  +
| -ims
  +
| -ümz
  +
| -iam
  +
| -öm
  +
| -ins
  +
| -ümz
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,390: Line 9,206:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Acc
  +
| -ömm
  +
| -umni
  +
| -ymii
  +
| -ëmn
  +
| -inn
  +
| -amn
  +
| -ymii
  +
| -omn
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,398: Line 9,224:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Int
  +
| -avl
  +
| -övv
  +
| -ivli
  +
| -üff
  +
| -avj
  +
| -ivli
  +
| -nvli
  +
| -iof
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,406: Line 9,242:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Dat
  +
| -aa
  +
| -öşaa
  +
| -yş
  +
| -üşi
  +
| -aa
  +
| -öşaa
  +
| -nşi
  +
| -oşi
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,414: Line 9,260:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Ref
  +
| -ia
  +
| -öǧin
  +
| -iǧǧi
  +
| -üüž
  +
| -iǧa
  +
| -öin
  +
| -iǧǧ
  +
| -iǧ
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,422: Line 9,278:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=13 |Defintiveness Suffix
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 colspan=1 |
  +
! colspan=3 | First
  +
! colspan=3 | Second
  +
! colspan=3 | Third
  +
! colspan=3 | Fourth
  +
|-
  +
! Singular
  +
! Paucal
  +
! Plural
  +
! Singular
  +
! Paucal
  +
! Plural
  +
! Singular
  +
! Paucal
  +
! Plural
  +
! Singular
  +
! Paucal
  +
! Plural
  +
|-
  +
! Proximal<br />Definite
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,436: Line 9,315:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Medial
  +
|şem
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,447: Line 9,329:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! Distal
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,459: Line 9,343:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
  +
==waste==
  +
<!--
  +
{{Um-Noun|liv|s|-}}
  +
{{Um-Noun|art|s|-}}
  +
{{Um-Noun|mag|s|-}}
  +
{{Um-Noun|non|s|-}}
  +
-->
  +
<!--
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="2"|
  +
!colspan="4"|Singular
  +
!colspan="4"|Paucal
  +
!colspan="4"|Plural
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="1"|Ergative
  +
!colspan="1"|Accusative
  +
!colspan="1"|Intransitive
  +
!colspan="1"|Dative
  +
!colspan="1"|Ergative
  +
!colspan="1"|Accusative
  +
!colspan="1"|Intransitive
  +
!colspan="1"|Dative
  +
!colspan="1"|Ergative
  +
!colspan="1"|Accusative
  +
!colspan="1"|Intransitive
  +
!colspan="1"|Dative
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|Non-Moving
  +
!Undefined
  +
| -ós
  +
| -óqwa
  +
| -ól
  +
| -óñ
  +
| -fo
  +
| -iv'ló
  +
| -ojla
  +
| -ole
  +
| -óke
  +
| -óv
  +
| -ló
  +
| -owó
  +
|-
  +
!Defined
  +
| -só
  +
| -qó
  +
| -oló
  +
| -óqol
  +
| -ofa
  +
| -óvi
  +
| -onló
  +
| -óli
  +
| -ovló
  +
| -gi
  +
| -óal
  +
| -oel
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|Living
  +
!Undefined
  +
| -us'
  +
| -uv
  +
| -ul
  +
| -au
  +
| -uxe
  +
| -ux
  +
| -av'u
  +
| -uwó
  +
| -uil
  +
| -uf
  +
| -ur
  +
| -uc
  +
|-
  +
!Defined
  +
| -qu
  +
| -qwu
  +
| -lu
  +
| -ilu
  +
| -xu
  +
| -xró
  +
| -uly
  +
| -fi
  +
| -lou
  +
| -rou
  +
| -ure
  +
| -ucu
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|Artificial
  +
!Undefined
  +
| -yl
  +
| -yc
  +
| -yñ
  +
| -ye
  +
| -qy
  +
| -qeu
  +
| -ry
  +
| -fy
  +
| -yl
  +
| -yca
  +
| -ñy
  +
| -ru
  +
|-
  +
!Defined
  +
| -yv
  +
| -yvo
  +
| -yv'o
  +
| -yv'
  +
| -yry
  +
| -ylqa
  +
| -ym
  +
| -ypa
  +
| -xy
  +
| -py
  +
| -yñy
  +
| -yly
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|Magical
  +
!Undefined
  +
| -aó
  +
| -alu
  +
| -la
  +
| -ac
  +
| -dia
  +
| -dwa
  +
| -car
  +
| -óma
  +
| -doa
  +
| -óda
  +
| -oma
  +
| -oca
  +
|-
  +
!Defined
  +
| -na
  +
| -ña
  +
| -ana
  +
| -ca
  +
| -dai
 
|
  
|
  +
  +
-dila
  +
| -ócla
  +
| -ñal
  +
| -wa
  +
| -ra
  +
| -laj
  +
| -pan
  +
|}-->
  +
  +
==Adjective==
  +
  +
Adjectives are genderless in their original form as a rule and acquire a gender to agree with the noun they modify. They also agree with the number while person is irrelevant. The adjectives are strict on always needing a noun after them,if one wishes to express "being X"one uses the predicate endings and treat it as a verb.
  +
  +
  +
  +
In both cases the Positive form in comparative, there is no superlative form, means in the sense of more of the adjective, while negative means less so.
  +
  +
  +
  +
Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=5| Predicate
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 |
  +
! colspan=2 | Temporative
  +
! colspan=2 | Permanent
  +
|-
  +
! Positive
  +
! Negative
  +
! Positive
  +
! Negative
  +
|-
  +
! Base
  +
| colspan=2 |
  +
| colspan=2 |
  +
|-
  +
! Comparative
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
:{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan = 7 | Base Declension
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=1 |Gender
  +
! colspan=1 | Singular
  +
! colspan=1 | Puacal
  +
! colspan=1 | Plural
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #8282de;" | None-Moving
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #82de82;" | Living
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #de82de;" | Artificial
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #de8282;" | Magical
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
|}
  +
  +
:{|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan = 7 | Comperative <br> Superlative Declension
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 |Gender
  +
! colspan=2 | Singular
  +
! colspan=2 | Puacal
  +
! colspan=2 | Plural
  +
|-
  +
! Positive
  +
! Negative
  +
! Positive
  +
! Negative
  +
! Positive
  +
! Negative
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #8282de;" | None-Moving
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
| style="background: #8282de;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #82de82;" | Living
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
| style="background: #82de82;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #de82de;" | Artificial
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
| style="background: #de82de;" |
  +
|-
  +
! style="background: #de8282;" | Magical
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
| style="background: #de8282;" |
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
{{Um-Adj|root=-}}
  +
-->
  +
  +
==Adverbs==
  +
Adverbs are non-existent and postpositional phrases takes care of their job
  +
<!--
  +
Adverbs are split into 3 categories, those that modify adjectives, those that modify verbs and those that initiate an adverbial clause
  +
  +
  +
Adverbs can be derived from adjectives by using adverbial endings isntead of adjectivial
  +
===Adjectival Adverbs===
  +
Adjectival adverbs modifies the adjective and agrees to it with gender and number
  +
  +
{{Um-AdjAdv}}-->
  +
<!--:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! rowspan=2 |Gender
  +
! colspan=3 | Number
  +
|-
  +
! Singular
  +
! Paucal
  +
! Plural
  +
|-
  +
! Magic
  +
| -ica
  +
| -óda
  +
| -ua
  +
|-
  +
! Living
  +
| -u
  +
| -nu
  +
| -gu
  +
|-
  +
! Non-moving
  +
| -óa
  +
| -enmó
  +
| -dwo
  +
|-
  +
! Artificial
  +
| -twiy
  +
| -ny
  +
| -yc
  +
|}-->
  +
<!--
  +
===Verbal Adverbs===
  +
Verbal adverbs are adverbs used to describe how a verb is performed and agrees to its gender.
  +
{{Um-VerbAdv}}-->
  +
<!--
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! Gender
  +
! Ending
  +
|-
  +
! Non-moving
  +
| -iaó
  +
|-
  +
! Living
  +
| -nidu
  +
|-
  +
! Magical
  +
| -lia
  +
|-
  +
! Artificial
  +
| -acy
  +
|}-->
  +
<!--
  +
===Other Adverbs===
  +
{{Fixup}}
  +
-->
  +
  +
==Pronouns==
  +
  +
  +
===Personal Pronouns===
  +
Umbrean have many personal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!rowspan="3" colspan="4"|Case
  +
!colspan="5"|Ergative
  +
!colspan="5"|Accusative
  +
!colspan="5"|Intransitive
  +
!colspan="5"|Dative
  +
!colspan="5"|Reflexive
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2"|sg.
  +
!colspan="2"|pc.
  +
!colspan="2"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="2"|sg.
  +
!colspan="2"|pc.
  +
!colspan="2"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="2"|sg.
  +
!colspan="2"|pc.
  +
!colspan="2"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="2"|sg.
  +
!colspan="2"|pc.
  +
!colspan="2"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="2"|sg.
  +
!colspan="2"|pc.
  +
!colspan="2"|pl.
  +
|-
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| coll.
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| distr.
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="3" rowspan=2|1st
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| inc.
  +
| rowspan=2 |mşë
  +
|blüsj
  +
|blöse
  +
|tmö
  +
|tmë
  +
| rowspan=2 |
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
| rowspan=2 |
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
| rowspan=2 |
−
|-
  
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
| rowspan=2 |
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! style="font-size: x-small;"| exc.
  +
|ëmn
  +
|emne
  +
|ëŋŋj
  +
|eŋe
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,492: Line 9,766:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2" colspan="3"|2nd
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Common
  +
|şimi
  +
|eeşm
  +
|eşme
  +
|kman
  +
|kmane
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,513: Line 9,797:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Respect
−
!Dat
  
  +
|žloñ
  +
|kjüdl
  +
|kjude
  +
|ovva
  +
|ovvë
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,531: Line 9,820:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="10"|3rd
  +
!rowspan="5"|Proximate
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,557: Line 9,853:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Living
−
!Ref
  
  +
|mǧiz
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,582: Line 9,879:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Artificial
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,600: Line 9,899:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!colspan="2" rowspan=5|Out of few
  
−
!Erg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,610: Line 9,906:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Non-Move
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,635: Line 9,933:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|Person
  +
|ñöǧ
  +
|dzö
  +
|dzë
  +
|baaŋl
  +
|baŋle
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,645: Line 9,950:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,657: Line 9,960:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="5"|Obviative
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,682: Line 9,989:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Living
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,689: Line 9,998:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,708: Line 10,015:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Artificial
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,734: Line 10,044:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Non-Move
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,760: Line 10,070:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|Person
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,777: Line 10,089:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,787: Line 10,097:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
!rowspan="2" colspan="3"|Case
  +
!colspan="3"|Ergative
  +
!colspan="3"|Accusative
  +
!colspan="3"|Intransitive
  +
!colspan="3"|Dative
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="1"|sg.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pc.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="1"|sg.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pc.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="1"|sg.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pc.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pl.
  +
!rowspan="1"|sg.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pc.
  +
!rowspan="1"|pl.
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="3"|1st
  +
|Süün
  +
|V'iy
  +
|Pufi
  +
|Sëa
  +
|V'ii
  +
|Pai
  +
|Saa
  +
|Vic
  +
|Pö
  +
|Sic
  +
|V'a
  +
|Pjan
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|2nd
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Other
  +
|Cim
  +
|Twü
  +
|Kan
  +
|Cidja
  +
|Twail
  +
|Añ
  +
|Imna
  +
|Twöc
  +
|Koma
  +
|Ciañ
  +
|Ündji
  +
|Kin
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Wise
  +
|Dja
  +
|Man
  +
|Djin
  +
|Djaa
  +
|Mano
  +
|Djili
  +
|Djën
  +
|Majno
  +
|Djihi
  +
|Hadja
  +
|Mëë
  +
|Djynö
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="6"|3rd
  +
!rowspan="3"|Proximate
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Object
  +
|Tjül
  +
|Tül
  +
|Nidwa
  +
|Tjaan
  +
|Dül
  +
|Nidë
  +
|Tjani
  +
|Dool
  +
|Nidwë
  +
|Tjüül
  +
|Djan
  +
|Nini
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Living
  +
|Omi
  +
|Adji
  +
|Pjen
  +
|Ocly
  +
|Ödji
  +
|Pji
  +
|Omono
  +
|Ödin
  +
|Pjil
  +
|Üno
  +
|Üdin
  +
|Pjyni
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Person
  +
|Andju
  +
|Mis
  +
|Mucli
  +
|Andü
  +
|Mian
  +
|Cöl
  +
|Anä
  +
|Miis
  +
|Ciny
  +
|Anta
  +
|Pën
  +
|Antwa
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="3"|Obviative
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Object
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,799: Line 10,220:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Living
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,811: Line 10,234:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!style="font-size: x-small;"|Person
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,821: Line 10,246:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|}
  +
-->
  +
  +
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö
  +
  +
==Obviative==
  +
Obviative is used to mark the less important thing in an sentence.
  +
  +
For example if one speaks of two men, Josef and Carl. Wishing to say for "Josef pushed Carl, after that he punched him" the later sentence lacks specification as both pronouns may apply to either Josef of carl, One would add or have the part representing Carl obviative as he is the least important of the two as josef is the one doing the actions.
  +
  +
Obviative is marked with the suffix "adj(G)" where (G) represent the gender vowel of the noun and is placed onto the stem
  +
  +
==Reflexive==
  +
Reflexive is achived by using reflexive case [[Umbrean Lessons/26 Reflexive]]
  +
  +
==Genitive==
  +
Umbrean does not have a genitive case, a postposition is used instead. It is done in a manner similar to Spanish, which says like "House of Jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind Jacob and becomes "Jacob of House" translated of course. And it should be noticed not everything in Umbrean we consider possessed is possessed there, and they have alien and inalienable possession.
  +
  +
==Correlatives==
  +
{{fixup}}
  +
  +
Correlatives are declined like the type they belong to.
  +
  +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;float:left;"
  +
!colspan="3" rowspan="2"|
  +
!rowspan="2"|Interrogative
  +
!colspan="3"|Demonstrative
  +
!colspan="5"|Quantifier
 
|-
  
|-
  +
!Proximal
−
!colspan="2" rowspan=5 |Out of many
  
  +
!Semi-distal
−
!Erg
  
  +
!Distal
  +
!Existential
  +
!Elective
  +
!Universal
  +
!Most
  +
!Negative
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="4"|Determinal
  +
!Living
 
|
  
|
  +
Widu
  +
|Nyzu
  +
|Xuu
  +
|Vymu
  +
|rowspan="2"| -piñ
  +
|rowspan="4"| -ogna
  +
| -edhö
  +
| -uñia
  +
| -ügna
  +
|-
  +
!Magical
  +
|Öma
  +
|Tjyv'a
  +
|Mahza
  +
|Djizha
  +
|rowspan="3"| -wep
  +
| -älma
  +
|rowspan="2"| -dyl
  +
|-
  +
!Non-Moving
  +
|rowspan="2"|Xrülü
  +
|Jokü
  +
|Höxrü
  +
|Vilü
  +
| -djon
  +
|rowspan="2"|-djyn
  +
|-
  +
!Mechanical
  +
|Omhsy
  +
|Favy
  +
|Didjy
  +
| -ildwa
  +
| -lakhs
  +
|-
  +
!rowspan="9"|Pronoun
  +
!rowspan="7"|One of
  +
|-
  +
!Sapient
  +
|Dialu
  +
|Hütwu
  +
|Thöru
  +
|Khsögsu
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|rowspan="2"|
  +
|-
  +
!Living
 
|
  
|
  +
Abfuthu
  +
|Hsëlu
  +
|Lynmu
  +
|Zätu
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Magical
  +
|Alka
  +
|Tjega
  +
|Röma
  +
|Ludwa
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,839: Line 10,358:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Information
 
|
  
|
  +
|Däth
  +
|Bfil
  +
|Woil
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,845: Line 10,369:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Artificial
  +
|rowspan="2"|Adëchy
  +
|Wüñy
  +
|Födy
  +
|Vay
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|rowspan="2"| Nihily
  +
|-
  +
!Non-Moving
  +
|Mehzü
  +
|Kwögsü
  +
|Ñuhzü
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="2"|Out of few
  +
|Diadwü
  +
|rowspan="2"|Dhigy
  +
|Dialu
  +
|Yva
  +
|rowspan="2"|Ky
  +
|rowspan="2"|Khsio
  +
|rowspan="2"|Eis
  +
|Djepo
  +
|rowspan="2"|Aqwe
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="2"|Out of many
  +
|Süva
  +
|Kebfü
  +
|Öva
  +
|Ñai
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="2" rowspan="7"|Pro-Noun
  +
!Location
  +
|Vialü
  +
|Linü
  +
|Gsenü
  +
|Divü
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
!New
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,867: Line 10,430:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
−
!Acc
 +
!New
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,877: Line 10,440:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Time
  +
|Sia
  +
|Lyma<br />
  +
|Dykea<br />
 
|
  
|
  +
Hsyla<br />
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,883: Line 10,452:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Manner
  +
|Wola
 
|
  
|
  +
Vagna<br />
 
|
  
|
  +
Laca<br />
 
|
  
|
  +
Hsëa
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,891: Line 10,466:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Reason
  +
|Tava
 
|
  
|
  +
Lavia<br />
 
|
  
|
  +
Nidja<br />
 
|
  
|
  +
Diva<br />
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,899: Line 10,480:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!Quantity
  +
|Qumto
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,907: Line 10,491:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="3"|Pro-Adjective
  +
|colspan="9"|Üdjö
  +
|-
  +
!colspan="3"|Pro-verb
  +
|colspan="9"|Tjygn
  +
|}
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap float:middle;"
  +
|+'''Table of correlatives'''
  +
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
  +
! rowspan="2" | interrogative
  +
! colspan="2" | demonstrative
  +
! colspan="5" | quantifier
  +
|-
  +
! proximal
  +
! distal
  +
! existential
  +
! elective
  +
! universal
  +
! negative
  +
! alternative-positive
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="2" | determiner
  +
| which<br />what
  +
| this (sg.)<br />these (pl.)
  +
| that (sg.)<br />those (pl.)
  +
| some
  +
| any<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  +
| every<br />each<br />all
  +
| no
  +
| another
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan="4" | pronoun
  +
! human
  +
| who<br />whom
  +
| this (one) (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  +
| that (one) (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  +
| someone<br />somebody
  +
| anyone<br />anybody<br />whoever<br />whomever<br />whosoever<br />whomsoever
  +
| everyone<br />everybody<br />all
  +
| no one<br />nobody
  +
| another<br />someone else<br />somebody else
  +
|-
  +
! nonhuman
  +
| what
  +
| this (one) (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  +
| that (one) (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  +
| something
  +
| anything<br />whatever<br />whatsoever
  +
| everything<br />all
  +
| nothing
  +
| something else
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! out of two
  +
| rowspan="2" | which
  +
| rowspan="2" | this one (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  +
| rowspan="2" | that one (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  +
| one
  +
| either<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  +
| both
  +
| neither
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! out of many
  +
| some<br />one
  +
| any<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  +
| each<br />all
  +
| none
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! rowspan="6" | pro-adverb
−
!Int
  
  +
! location
  +
| where
  +
| here
  +
| there
  +
| somewhere
  +
| anywhere<br />wherever<br />wheresoever
  +
| everywhere
  +
| nowhere
  +
| elsewhere
  +
|-
  +
! source
  +
| whence<br />wherefrom
  +
| hence
  +
| thence<br />thencefrom
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| whenceever<br />whencesoever
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| nowhence
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! goal
  +
| whither<br />whereto<br />whereinto<br />whereunto
  +
| hither
  +
| thither
  +
| somewhither
  +
| anywhither<br />whithersoever
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| nowhither
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! time
  +
| when
  +
| now
  +
| then
  +
| sometime
  +
| anytime<br />whenever<br />whensoever
  +
| always<br />everywhen
  +
| never
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! manner
  +
| how<br />whereby
  +
| thus<br />hereby
  +
| thereby
  +
| somehow
  +
| anyhow<br />however<br />howsoever
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| noway<br />noways<br />nowise<br />nohow (col.)
  +
| otherwise
  +
|-
  +
! reason
  +
| why<br />wherefore
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| therefore
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| &nbsp;
  +
| &nbsp;
 
|
  
|
  +
|}
  +
  +
==Postposition==
  +
  +
Umbrean uses postposition after the clause or word in question, "table '''on'''" "going out her '''with'''". Postpositions are declined in accordance to gender of the item it describes, such as "on the table" it would agree with the gender of "table" which is artificial.
  +
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=2 |
  +
! Singular
  +
! Pacual
  +
! Plural
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=2 | First
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=2 | Second
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=4 | Third
  +
! Magical
  +
| colspan=3 |
  +
|-
  +
! Living
  +
| colspan=3 |
  +
|-
  +
! Non-Moving
  +
| colspan=3 |
  +
|-
  +
! Artificial
  +
| colspan=3 |
  +
|}
  +
<!--
  +
  +
{{Um-Post
  +
|Root = -
  +
}}
  +
  +
-->
  +
  +
==Copulas==
  +
There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.
  +
  +
===Locative===
  +
'''Thugn''': Used to describe location of something and it highly irregular and can only express things in that is in third person in accusative form
  +
  +
:{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=7 | Tempus
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#82de82 | Positive
  +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#de8282 | Negative
  +
|-
  +
! style="background=#82de82" | Past
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Present
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Future
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Past
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Present
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Future
  +
|-
  +
! Perfective
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thös
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thum
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thëgn
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnius
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnögnia
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugndaë
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnin
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnavi
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnönië
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnabun
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnamëö
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnidjaë
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnës
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thuus
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugndan
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnom
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnadaë
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugngnius
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnyam
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnignö
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnanum
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnüöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnayñ
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnigne
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnaëñ
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thaöm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnagnus
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnaëgn
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugniöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugninaë
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnüs
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnahni
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnam
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnoym
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnüniu
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnis
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnhnia
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnüm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Thugnaënu
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnibus
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnaë
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Thugnnilë
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Temporative===
  +
'''Mym''': is a temporative copula describing something being something and is temporary
  +
and is highly irregular.
  +
:{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
  +
! colspan=7 | Tempus
  +
|-
  +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
  +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#82de82 | Positive
  +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#de8282 | Negative
  +
|-
  +
! style="background=#82de82" | Past
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Present
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Future
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Past
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Present
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Future
  +
|-
  +
! Perfective
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymös
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymöm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymiögn
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymius
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymögnia
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymdaë
  +
|-
  +
! Pausative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymin
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymavi
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymönië
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymabun
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymamëö
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymidjaë
  +
|-
  +
! Perfect
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymës
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymiüs
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymdan
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymom
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymadaë
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymgnius
  +
|-
  +
! Inceptive
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymyam
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymignö
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymanum
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymüöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymayñ
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymigne
  +
|-
  +
! Continuative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymaëñ
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymaöm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymagnus
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymaëgn
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymiöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Myminaë
  +
|-
  +
! Terminative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymüs
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymahni
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymam
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymoym
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymüniu
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymis
  +
|-
  +
! Genericative
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymhnia
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymüm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Mymaënu
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymibus
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymaë
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Mymnilë
  +
|}
  +
  +
===Permanentative===
  +
'''Huzj''': is a permanent copula describing how something always is. Like the others it is hughly irregular.
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  +
! colspan=13 | Huzj
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | Active Voice
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | '''Agent'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivvas
  +
| huzjindzüş
  +
| huzjavliş
  +
| huzjmüvves
  +
| huzjmonnaş
  +
| huzjomaiş
  +
| huzjsafiş
  +
| huzjesnat
  +
| huzjşaiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| huzjefjoss
  +
| huzjidzësit
  +
| huzjësjit
  +
| huzjmüvët
  +
| huzjmonnëz
  +
| huzjomësji
  +
| huzjsaviiş
  +
| huzjişneziş
  +
| huzjşediş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| huzjevžëës
  +
| huzjindössiş
  +
| huzjaššuş
  +
| huzjmovžit
  +
| huzjmontës
  +
| huzjomašöş
  +
| huzjsavëšiş
  +
| huzjişnšëiş
  +
| huzjşafšëiş
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| huzjifjǧyt
  +
| huzjandyǧs
  +
| huzjavyism
  +
| huzjmüvmiş
  +
| huzjmonmiş
  +
| huzjomyşm
  +
| huzjşavmë
  +
| huzjişnmy
  +
| huzjtasyme
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| huzjivoşŋ
  +
| huzjinşnos
  +
| huzjavŋit
  +
| huzjmüvŋiş
  +
| huzjmonŋi
  +
| huzjomavŋ
  +
| huzjşavŋit
  +
| huzjisnoss
  +
| huzjşaŋif
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| huzjivdjaş
  +
| huzjidjas
  +
| huzjazdjas
  +
| huzjmüvdjiş
  +
| huzjmomdois
  +
| huzjomaaş
  +
| huzjşazdjat
  +
| huzjinsadit
  +
| huzjtavviit
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| huzjivevşi
  +
| huzjinzuvs
  +
| huzjavevi
  +
| huzjmyviss
  +
| huzjmonëvi
  +
| huzjomave
  +
| huzjşavët
  +
| huzjisnevi
  +
| huzjşaviş
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivvös
  +
| huzjenşö
  +
| huzjevlös
  +
| huzjmövöš
  +
| huzjmonasö
  +
| huzjümaöt
  +
| huzjsaaşö
  +
| huzjesnaöt
  +
| huzjsiişö
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,925: Line 10,942:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,934: Line 10,953:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,943: Line 10,964:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,952: Line 10,975:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,963: Line 10,986:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,972: Line 10,997:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Perfective'''
  +
| Hözva
  +
| Hundö
  +
| Höz
  +
| Huzüva
  +
| Hözonn
  +
| Homa
  +
| Husav
  +
| Höşna
  +
| Huşaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| huzjefjës
  +
| huzjindzës
  +
| huzjësj
  +
| huzjmüvët
  +
| huzjmonnëz
  +
| huzjomaësj
  +
| huzjsavëz
  +
| huzjişnësj
  +
| huzjşaëd
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| huzjevžë
  +
| huzjindösšë
  +
| huzjafšë
  +
| huzjmovvž
  +
| huzjmonšë
  +
| huzjomašë
  +
| huzjsavëš
  +
| huzjişnšë
  +
| huzjşafšë
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| huzjivlyǧ
  +
| huzjandyǧ
  +
| huzjavyǧm
  +
| huzjmüvvym
  +
| huzjmonym
  +
| huzjomym
  +
| huzjşavvym
  +
| huzjişnymm
  +
| huzjtasym
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| huzjivoŋ
  +
| huzjinşno
  +
| huzjavŋo
  +
| huzjmüüvoŋ
  +
| huzjmonoŋ
  +
| huzjomavoŋ
  +
| huzjşavvoŋ
  +
| huzjisnoŋ
  +
| huzjşaoŋ
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| huzjivldja
  +
| huzjindja
  +
| huzjavdja
  +
| huzjmüvadj
  +
| huzjmondjo
  +
| huzjomadja
  +
| huzjşavdja
  +
| huzjisnadj
  +
| huzjtavja
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| huzjivleef
  +
| huzjinzuef
  +
| huzjavef
  +
| huzjmyvvef
  +
| huzjmonev
  +
| huzjomave
  +
| huzjşavlë
  +
| huzjisnef
  +
| huzjşavvë
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivaö
  +
| huzjinnö
  +
| huzjavö
  +
| huzjmüvö
  +
| huzjmonö
  +
| huzjömav
  +
| huzjšavvö
  +
| huzjaşmö
  +
| huzjşivö
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,981: Line 11,114:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,989: Line 11,124:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 8,999: Line 11,137:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,009: Line 11,147:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,018: Line 11,158:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,027: Line 11,169:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivjaöd
  +
| huzjandüüdl
  +
| huzjavjüdl
  +
| huzjmüüdl
  +
| huzjomdla
  +
| huzjomadl
  +
| huzjşabüd
  +
| huzjişmü
  +
| huzjdzaš
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
  +
| huzjefjödl
  +
| huzjinzöd
  +
| huzjösjüdl
  +
| huzjmüvütü
 
|
  
|
  +
  +
-mënöt
  +
| huzjomaësjüdl
  +
| huzjsaazüg
  +
| huzjişnësjüdl
  +
| huzjşaëdüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
  +
| huzjevžës
  +
| huzjinöšöüd
  +
| huzjafšööt
  +
| huzjmovžüdl
  +
| huzjmonšöt
  +
| huzjomažödl
  +
| huzjsavëdl
  +
| huzjişnšödl
  +
| huzjşafšëdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
  +
| huzjivlygü
  +
| huzjandgaüdl
  +
| huzjafǧmüt
  +
| huzjmüvüd
  +
| huzjmonnüd
  +
| huzjimmüdl
  +
| huzjşavmütl
  +
| huzjişymm
  +
| huzjtassmüz
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
  +
| huzjivoŋüt
  +
| huzjinşnüüdl
  +
| huzjavoünd
  +
| huzjmüüvoŋg
  +
| huzjmoŋŋüd
  +
| huzjomavoŋk
  +
| huzjtavoŋüd
  +
| huzjissoŋüdl
  +
| huzjşooŋüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
  +
| huzjivdjaüd
  +
| huzjindjaüdl
  +
| huzjavdaadl
  +
| huzjmüvvdjüü
  +
| huzjmondjood
  +
| huzjomadl
  +
| huzjşavdad
  +
| huzjisnadedl
  +
| huzjttavadl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
  +
| huzjivlüüd
  +
| huzjinzifüdl
  +
| huzjavvidl
  +
| huzjmyvvët
  +
| huzjmonevüdl
  +
| huzjomög
  +
| huzjdzavlöd
  +
| huzjinnevüdl
  +
| huzjşavvös
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivvedöüdl
  +
| huzjannööüdl
  +
| huzjaftlöüdl
  +
| huzjmëdlöüdl
  +
| huzjontlöüdl
  +
| huzjomadlöüdl
  +
| huzjzabböüdl
  +
| huzjažmöüdl
  +
| huzjdzažöüdl
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,037: Line 11,288:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,042: Line 11,295:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!colspan="2" rowspan="37"|Pro-Noun
  
−
! rowspan=7 |Location
  
−
|-
  
−
!Acc
  
−
|kuttiim
  
−
|kudiimi
  
−
|kuttiim
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,063: Line 11,310:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,072: Line 11,321:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,081: Line 11,332:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,089: Line 11,342:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | Patient
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
−
!Dat
  
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
−
|kuttiin
  
−
|kuttiiŋ
  
−
|kutti
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,103: Line 11,373:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,112: Line 11,384:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,121: Line 11,395:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,130: Line 11,406:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Via
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,141: Line 11,417:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,150: Line 11,428:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,159: Line 11,439:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,168: Line 11,451:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,178: Line 11,463:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
−
!Loc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,188: Line 11,473:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,197: Line 11,484:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,206: Line 11,495:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,215: Line 11,506:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,221: Line 11,514:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Abl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjepja
  +
| huzjimža
  +
| huzjpa
  +
| huzjmëpja
  +
| huzjmiza
  +
| huzjmba
  +
| huzjisëpj
  +
| huzjismza
  +
| huzjispa
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,236: Line 11,557:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,245: Line 11,568:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,254: Line 11,579:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,263: Line 11,590:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Alt
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,274: Line 11,601:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,283: Line 11,612:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,292: Line 11,624:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,300: Line 11,634:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,310: Line 11,647:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
! rowspan=5 |New
  
−
!Erg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,321: Line 11,657:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,330: Line 11,668:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,339: Line 11,679:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,348: Line 11,690:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,354: Line 11,715:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,369: Line 11,729:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,378: Line 11,740:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,387: Line 11,751:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,396: Line 11,762:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,408: Line 11,773:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,417: Line 11,784:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,426: Line 11,796:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,435: Line 11,807:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,445: Line 11,819:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
!
  
−
Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,456: Line 11,829:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,465: Line 11,840:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,474: Line 11,851:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,483: Line 11,862:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,489: Line 11,889:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,504: Line 11,903:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,513: Line 11,914:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,522: Line 11,925:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,531: Line 11,936:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 |
  
−
New
  
−
!
  
−
Erg
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,545: Line 11,947:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,554: Line 11,958:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,563: Line 11,970:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,572: Line 11,981:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,582: Line 11,993:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,593: Line 12,003:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,602: Line 12,014:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,611: Line 12,025:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,620: Line 12,036:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivla
  +
| huzjindzü
  +
| huzjav
  +
| huzjmüvva
  +
| huzjmonn
  +
| huzjomav
  +
| huzjşavl
  +
| huzjişnna
  +
| huzjşaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,626: Line 12,072:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Int
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,641: Line 12,086:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,650: Line 12,097:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,659: Line 12,108:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,668: Line 12,119:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,680: Line 12,130:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,689: Line 12,142:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,698: Line 12,153:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,707: Line 12,164:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,717: Line 12,176:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!
  
−
Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,728: Line 12,186:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,737: Line 12,197:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,746: Line 12,208:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,755: Line 12,236:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,761: Line 12,244:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 |
  
−
Time
  
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,778: Line 12,258:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,787: Line 12,269:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,796: Line 12,280:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,805: Line 12,291:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,817: Line 12,302:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,826: Line 12,314:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,835: Line 12,325:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,844: Line 12,336:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,854: Line 12,348:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
−
!
  
−
Tmp
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,865: Line 12,358:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,874: Line 12,369:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,883: Line 12,380:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | Anti-Passive Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,892: Line 12,410:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,898: Line 12,418:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Ant
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,913: Line 12,432:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,922: Line 12,443:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,931: Line 12,454:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,940: Line 12,465:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Pst
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,952: Line 12,476:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,961: Line 12,488:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,970: Line 12,499:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,979: Line 12,510:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 9,989: Line 12,522:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
−
! rowspan=5 |
  
−
Manner
  
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,002: Line 12,532:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,011: Line 12,543:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,020: Line 12,554:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivla
  +
| huzjindzü
  +
| huzjav
  +
| huzjmüvva
  +
| huzjmonn
  +
| huzjomav
  +
| huzjşavl
  +
| huzjişnna
  +
| huzjşaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,029: Line 12,593:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,035: Line 12,601:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,050: Line 12,615:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,059: Line 12,626:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,068: Line 12,637:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,077: Line 12,648:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Ins
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,088: Line 12,660:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,097: Line 12,671:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,106: Line 12,682:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,115: Line 12,693:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,125: Line 12,705:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
!
  
−
Csl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,136: Line 12,715:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,145: Line 12,726:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,154: Line 12,754:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,163: Line 12,765:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,169: Line 12,773:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Ref
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,184: Line 12,787:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,193: Line 12,798:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,202: Line 12,809:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,211: Line 12,820:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 |
  
−
Reason
  
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,225: Line 12,832:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,234: Line 12,843:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,243: Line 12,854:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,252: Line 12,865:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,262: Line 12,877:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
−
!
  
−
Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,273: Line 12,887:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,282: Line 12,898:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
! colspan=13 | Applicative Voice
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,291: Line 12,928:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,300: Line 12,939:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,306: Line 12,947:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
−
Csl
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,321: Line 12,961:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,330: Line 12,972:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,339: Line 12,983:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,348: Line 12,994:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,359: Line 13,006:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,368: Line 13,017:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,377: Line 13,028:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,386: Line 13,039:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,396: Line 13,051:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Terminative'''
−
!
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,406: Line 13,061:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,415: Line 13,072:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
  +
| huzjivla
  +
| huzjindzü
  +
| huzjav
  +
| huzjmüvva
  +
| huzjmonn
  +
| huzjomav
  +
| huzjşavl
  +
| huzjişnna
  +
| huzjşaf
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,424: Line 13,111:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,433: Line 13,122:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,439: Line 13,130:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=5 |
  
−
Quantity
  
−
!
  
−
Acc
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,456: Line 13,144:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,465: Line 13,155:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,474: Line 13,166:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,483: Line 13,178:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!Dat
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,494: Line 13,189:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,503: Line 13,200:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,512: Line 13,211:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,521: Line 13,222:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,531: Line 13,234:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
!
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,541: Line 13,244:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=2 rowspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Singular'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Paucal'''
  +
| colspan=3 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Plural'''
  +
|-
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''First'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Second'''
  +
| colspan=1 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Third'''
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,550: Line 13,272:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,559: Line 13,283:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,568: Line 13,294:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,574: Line 13,302:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,588: Line 13,316:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,597: Line 13,327:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,606: Line 13,338:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Perfective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,615: Line 13,350:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Retrospective'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
!
  
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,626: Line 13,361:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Pausative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,635: Line 13,372:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Inceptive'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,644: Line 13,383:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Continuative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,653: Line 13,394:
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
  +
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Terminative'''
 
|
  
|
 
|
  
|
Line 10,663: Line 13,406:
 
|
  
|
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''*Genericative'''
−
!colspan="4"|
  
  +
|
−
Pro-Adjective
  
  +
|
−
|colspan="43"|
  
−
|-
  
−
!colspan="4"|
  
−
Pro-verb
  
−
|colspan="43"|
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
==Test==
  
−
{| class="wikitable" style="white-space: nowrap float:middle;"
  
−
|+'''Table of correlatives'''
  
−
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
  
−
! rowspan="2" | interrogative
  
−
! colspan="2" | demonstrative
  
−
! colspan="5" | quantifier
  
−
|-
  
−
! proximal
  
−
! distal
  
−
! existential
  
−
! elective
  
−
! universal
  
−
! negative
  
−
! alternative-positive
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan="2" | determiner
  
−
| which<br />what
  
−
| this (sg.)<br />these (pl.)
  
−
| that (sg.)<br />those (pl.)
  
−
| some
  
−
| any<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  
−
| every<br />each<br />all
  
−
| no
  
−
| another
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan="4" | pronoun
  
−
! human
  
−
| who<br />whom
  
−
| this (one) (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| that (one) (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| someone<br />somebody
  
−
| anyone<br />anybody<br />whoever<br />whomever<br />whosoever<br />whomsoever
  
−
| everyone<br />everybody<br />all
  
−
| no one<br />nobody
  
−
| another<br />someone else<br />somebody else
  
−
|-
  
−
! nonhuman
  
−
| what
  
−
| this (one) (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| that (one) (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| something
  
−
| anything<br />whatever<br />whatsoever
  
−
| everything<br />all
  
−
| nothing
  
−
| something else
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! out of two
  
−
| rowspan="2" | which
  
−
| rowspan="2" | this one (sg.)<br />these (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| rowspan="2" | that one (sg.)<br />those (ones) (pl.)
  
−
| one
  
−
| either<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  
−
| both
  
−
| neither
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! out of many
  
−
| some<br />one
  
−
| any<br />whichever<br />whichsoever
  
−
| each<br />all
  
−
| none
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan="6" | pro-adverb
  
−
! location
  
−
| where
  
−
| here
  
−
| there
  
−
| somewhere
  
−
| anywhere<br />wherever<br />wheresoever
  
−
| everywhere
  
−
| nowhere
  
−
| elsewhere
  
−
|-
  
−
! source
  
−
| whence<br />wherefrom
  
−
| hence
  
−
| thence<br />thencefrom
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| whenceever<br />whencesoever
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| nowhence
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! goal
  
−
| whither<br />whereto<br />whereinto<br />whereunto
  
−
| hither
  
−
| thither
  
−
| somewhither
  
−
| anywhither<br />whithersoever
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| nowhither
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! time
  
−
| when
  
−
| now
  
−
| then
  
−
| sometime
  
−
| anytime<br />whenever<br />whensoever
  
−
| always<br />everywhen
  
−
| never
  
 
|
  
|
−
|-
  
−
! manner
  
−
| how<br />whereby
  
−
| thus<br />hereby
  
−
| thereby
  
−
| somehow
  
−
| anyhow<br />however<br />howsoever
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| noway<br />noways<br />nowise<br />nohow (col.)
  
−
| otherwise
  
−
|-
  
−
! reason
  
−
| why<br />wherefore
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| therefore
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
−
| &nbsp;
  
 
|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
   
  +
<!--===Comperative===
−
==Postposition==
  
  +
'''Djyn''': Copula used when comparing things relative to each other ('''He''' is ''a taller person'' <u>than you</u>
   
  +
:{|class="wikitable collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
−
Umbrean uses postposition after the clause or word in question, "table '''on'''" "going out her '''with'''". Postpositions are declined in accordance to gender of the item it describes, such as "on the table" it would agree with the gender of "table" which is artificial.
  
  +
! colspan=7 | Tempus
−
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=3 |
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan=2 | Sg.
 +
! rowspan=2 | Aspect
−
! colspan=2 | Pc.
 +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#82de82 | Positive
−
! colspan=2 | Pl.
 +
! colspan=3 bgcolor=#de8282 | Negative
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! style="background=#82de82" | Past
−
| C.
  
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Present
−
| V.
  
  +
! style="bgcolor=#82de82" | Future
−
| C.
  
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Past
−
| V.
  
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Present
−
| C.
  
  +
! style="bgcolor=#de8282" | Future
−
| V.
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Perfective
−
! colspan=2 | First
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynös
−
| -i
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynöm
−
| -Vz
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djyniögn
−
| -ü
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynius
−
| -Vž
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynögnia
−
| rowspan=2 | -a
  
−
| rowspan=2 | -Vv
 +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djyndaë
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Pausative
−
! colspan=2 | Second
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynin
−
| -dzi
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynavi
−
| -Vdz
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynönië
−
| -dž
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynabun
−
| -Vdž
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynamëö
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynidjaë
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Perfect
−
! colspan=2 |
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynës
−
! colspan=3 | V.
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djyniüs
−
! colspan=3 | C.
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djyndan
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynom
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynadaë
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djyngnius
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Inceptive
−
! rowspan=4 | Third
  
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynyam
−
! Magical
  
−
| colspan=3 | -Vdzm
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynignö
−
| colspan=3 | -aa
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynanum
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynüöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynayñ
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynigne
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Continuative
−
! Living
  
−
| colspan=3 | -Vsm
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynaëñ
−
| colspan=3 | -öö
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynaöm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynagnus
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynaëgn
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djyniöm
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djyninaë
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Terminative
−
! Non-Moving
  
−
| colspan=3 | -Vfm
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynüs
−
| colspan=3 | -oo
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynahni
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynam
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynoym
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynüniu
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynis
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! Genericative
−
! Artificial
  
−
| colspan=3 | -Vsn
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynhnia
−
| colspan=3 | -yy
 +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynüm
  +
| bgcolor=#82de82 | Djynaënu
−
|}
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynibus
−  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynaë
−
==Copulas==
  
  +
| bgcolor=#de8282 | Djynnilë
−
There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.
  
−  
−
===Locative===
  
−
'''şuñ''': Used to describe location of something and it highly irregular and can only express things in that is in third person in accusative form
  
−  
−  
−
===Temporative===
  
−
'''Mym''': is a temporative copula describing something being something and is temporary
  
−
and is highly irregular.
  
−  
−  
−
===Permanentative===
  
−
'''Sömm''': is a permanent copula describing how something always is. Like the others it is hughly irregular.
  
−  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=11 | Magical
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=9 | Active Voice
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 |
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Perfective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Retrospective'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Pausative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Inceptive'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Continuative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Terminative'''
  
−
! colspan=1 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Genericative'''
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Past'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömmşeǧ
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömneg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömvje
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömmiig
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Söşmme
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömsseg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömteeg
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömşëgg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömnnëg
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömvvëë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömmëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Söşmë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömşjë
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0cfe4 | Sömssëgj
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Present'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Söşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömmaşn
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömmav
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömmis
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Söşmm
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömssji
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömşi
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömnnö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömvö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömmamöz
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Söşmö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömşjö
  
−
| bgcolor=#c0e4c0 | Sömsös
  
−
|-
  
−
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Future'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Positive'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmnli
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömvis
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmamiiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Söşmiz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömtii
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmtiis
  
−
|-
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | '''Negative'''
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömnës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmvlës
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmamëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Söşmëz
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömsjë
  
−
| bgcolor=#e4c0c0 | Sömmsësj
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
-->
 
----
  
----
   
Line 11,474: Line 14,027:
 
! rowspan=2 | Up
  
! rowspan=2 | Up
 
| Above
  
| Above
−
| {{cd|Pjöş}}
 +
| {{cd|Hsezh}}
 
| Above
  
| Above
−
| {{cd|Pjöşëkǧ}}
 +
| {{cd|Hsezhëën}}
 
|-
  
|-
 
|
  
|
Line 11,565: Line 14,118:
 
===Noun words===
  
===Noun words===
 
====Body====
  
====Body====
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; float:right;"
 +
{| class="wikitable collapsible <!--collapsed-->" style="text-align:center; float:right;"
 
! colspan=9 | Body parts
  
! colspan=9 | Body parts
 
|-
  
|-
Line 11,986: Line 14,539:
 
|PaternalUnclesWife=
  
|PaternalUnclesWife=
 
|PaternalUncle=
  
|PaternalUncle=
−
|Father=Kjymmösj
 +
|Father=
−
|Mother=Kjynnösj
 +
|Mother=
 
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
  
|PaternalTwinUnclesWife=
 
|PaternalTwinUncle=
  
|PaternalTwinUncle=
Line 12,036: Line 14,589:
 
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
  
|MaternalOlderAuntsSon=
 
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
  
|MaternalOlderAuntsDaughter=
  +
|Sister=
−
|Self=Addëmaz
  
  +
|Self=
 
|Husband=
  
|Husband=
 
|Wife=
  
|Wife=
−
|LittleSister=Nnloznnösj
 +
|LittleSister=
−
|TwinSister=Slonnösj
 +
|TwinSister=
−
|BigSister=Veşjonnösj
+
|BigSister=
−
|BigBrother=Veşjommösj
+
|BigBrother=
−
|TwinBrother=Slommösj
 +
|TwinBrother=
−
|LittleBrother=Nnlozmmösj
 +
|LittleBrother=
 
|LittleSistersHusband=
  
|LittleSistersHusband=
 
|TwinSistersHusband=
  
|TwinSistersHusband=
Line 12,055: Line 14,609:
 
|MaternalUnclesSon=
  
|MaternalUnclesSon=
 
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
  
|MaternalUnclesDaughter=
−
|HusbandSon=Vlimmösj
 +
|HusbandSon=
−
|HusbandDaughter=Vlinnösj
 +
|HusbandDaughter=
−
|WifeSon=Vlëmmösj
 +
|WifeSon=
−
|WifeDaughter=Vlënnösj
 +
|WifeDaughter=
 
|TwinSisterNiece=
  
|TwinSisterNiece=
 
|TwinSisterNephew=
  
|TwinSisterNephew=
Line 12,086: Line 14,640:
 
|MaternalHalfSister=
  
|MaternalHalfSister=
 
}}
  
}}
−  
 
===Idiomatic===
  
===Idiomatic===
 
====Particles====
  
====Particles====
Line 12,101: Line 14,654:
 
==Conjunction==
  
==Conjunction==
 
Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y
  
Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" width=500px
 +
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 
! rowspan=2 | Conjunction
  
! rowspan=2 | Conjunction
 
! rowspan=2 | Logical
  
! rowspan=2 | Logical
Line 12,107: Line 14,660:
 
! colspan=3 | Word
  
! colspan=3 | Word
 
! colspan=3 | Enclitic
  
! colspan=3 | Enclitic
−
! Rowspan=2 width="500px"| -----Meaning-----
  
−
| Rowspan=2 width="500px" | '''-------Example-------'''<br />''Usage'''<br />''Meaning'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! colspan=1 | Noun clause
  
! colspan=1 | Noun clause
Line 12,124: Line 14,675:
 
| -ön
  
| -ön
 
| colspan=2| -nan
  
| colspan=2| -nan
−
|Regular and
  
−
| Boy and girl
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| -
  
| -
−
| Adjective<br />seperator
 +
| Adjective<br />separator
 
| -
  
| -
 
| {{cd|Ëtsj}}
  
| {{cd|Ëtsj}}
 
| -
  
| -
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| One noun using more adjectives
  
−
| ''Red and blue man''<br />'''Red man and blue man'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| -
  
| -
Line 12,143: Line 14,687:
 
| -
  
| -
 
| -
  
| -
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
| More nouns sharing same adjectives
  
−
| ''Red man and girl''<br />'''Red man and red girl'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| -
  
| -
Line 12,154: Line 14,693:
 
| -
  
| -
 
| -
  
| -
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Xand
  
| Xand
 
| Either both or none
  
| Either both or none
−
| colspan=3 | {{cd|šëë}}
 +
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Hsëë}}
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! rowspan=2 | Or
  
! rowspan=2 | Or
Line 12,171: Line 14,702:
 
| Inclusive
  
| Inclusive
 
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Ŋǧe}}
  
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Ŋǧe}}
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
| Xor
  
| Xor
 
| Exclusive
  
| Exclusive
 
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Yşjë}}
  
| colspan=3 | {{cd|Yşjë}}
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! But
  
! But
 
| -
  
| -
 
| Contrary
  
| Contrary
−
| colspan=3| {{cd|Öön}}
 +
| colspan=3| {{cd|Ööñ}}
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
==Derivational Suffixes==
  
−
===To Noun===
  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=4 | To noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -obvios
  
−
| Place of action
  
−
| Verb
  
−
| Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| Öfm-/Ad-
  
−
|Agentative
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| Tlu-
  
−
|Patientative
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| Dŋu-
  
−
| Time when done<br />happen
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|Substance used to do
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|Abstract
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|Abstraction of<br />opposite action
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|Eŋ-
  
−
|Used to do verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -vaz
  
−
|Quality of
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| -ŋba(1)
  
−
|Usually has it
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -üdzm(3)
  
−
|Part of
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|Decended of, child of
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| -ŋaö
  
−
| living thing
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| -nnösj
  
−
|Female of (1)
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| -mmösj
  
−
|Male of (3)
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
| -öşia
  
−
|Abtraction of
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
===To Adjective===
  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -sö
  
−
|property of agent
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -fši
  
−
|Property of Patient
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -mmŋa
  
−
|able to
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -dzi
  
−
|Related to
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| My-
  
−
|opposite of
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -ossa
  
−
|Diminutive
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -edzŋi
  
−
|Augmentative
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -vlü
  
−
|Similar to
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -so
  
−
|Lacking of
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -dvvi
  
−
|Related to
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
| -tši
  
−
|Quality of
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
===To Verb===
  
−
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
  
−
! colspan=4 | To Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|to undo
  
−
|Verb
  
−
| Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -oddl
  
−
|Opposite/Reverse Action
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -omm
  
−
|to redo
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|Frequentative
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -mmyf
  
−
|Subject/Object switch
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -užnl
  
−
|Consequence of
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -iin
  
−
|Momentane
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
| -af
  
−
|Mutual action
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Adjective
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Adj
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
! colspan=4 | From Noun
  
−
|-
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Meaning
  
−
! colspan=2 rowspan=1 | Transformation
  
−
|-
  
−
! Source
  
−
! Target
  
−
|-
  
−
| -eŋm
  
−
|Making or creating<br />or causing noun<br />A/P-s
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Verb
  
−
|-
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|Noun
  
−
|Verb
  
 
|}
  
|}
   
Line 12,991: Line 15,048:
   
 
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
−
! colspan=4 | 12 potens
 +
! colspan=2 | 12 potens
 
|-
  
|-
 
! Potense
  
! Potense
Line 13,000: Line 15,057:
 
| 1
  
| 1
 
| 12 (10)
  
| 12 (10)
−
|
 +
|
−
|
 +
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| 2
  
| 2
 
| 144 (100)
  
| 144 (100)
−
|
 +
|
−
|
 +
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| 4
  
| 4
 
| 20736 (10000)
  
| 20736 (10000)
−
|
 +
|
−
|
 +
|
 
|-
  
|-
 
| 8
  
| 8
 
| 429981696 (100000000)
  
| 429981696 (100000000)
−
|
 +
|
−
|
 +
|
 
|}
  
|}
−
Numbers in umbrean has to agree by gender to the noun and changes wether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple
 +
Numbers in Umbrean have to agree by gender to the noun and changes whether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple
 
*Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
  
*Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
 
*Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
  
*Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
Line 13,025: Line 15,082:
 
*Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
  
*Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
 
*Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
  
*Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
−
*Collective: Counting as a single unit, All four, All five
  
−
*Distributive: Singly, Twicly, answers "how many at a time?)
  
−
*Power: to the nth power
  
−
*Root: the nth root of something
  
 
{{Um-Number|root=-}}
  
{{Um-Number|root=-}}
−
===Rational Numbers===
  
−
To express a rational like "Two and two thirds" one would do this for the general "n and p q's" (n+p/q)
  
   
  +
=Compound words=
−
:{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
  
−
! colspan=3 | n and p q's
  
−
|-
  
−
! n + 1
  
−
! p
  
−
! q
  
−
|-
  
−
| Ordinal
  
−
| Multiple
  
−
| Fractal
  
−
|}
  
−  
−
==Compound words==
  
   
 
Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.
  
Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.
   
 
They often suffer natural "erosion" in form of where the begining or the end (depending on their joint location) is either over lapped by the other or eroded to shorten the word.
  
They often suffer natural "erosion" in form of where the begining or the end (depending on their joint location) is either over lapped by the other or eroded to shorten the word.
−  
−
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;")
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Class
  
−
! rowspan=2 | Structure
  
−
! colspan=4 | Type
  
−
|-
  
−
! Endocentric
  
−
! Exocentric
  
−
! Copulative
  
−
! Adpositional
  
−
|-
  
−
! Verb-Verb
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
! Noun-Verb
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
! Noun-Noun
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
! Adjective-Noun
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|-
  
−
! Postposition-Verb
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|
  
−
|}
  
   
 
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;")
  
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;")
Line 13,159: Line 15,152:
 
|
  
|
 
|}
  
|}
  +
<!--==Letter Fusion==
−  
  +
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
  +
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
  +
! colspan=34 | Second Consonant
  +
|-
  +
! B
  +
! Bj
  +
! P
  +
! Pj
  +
! T
  +
! Tj
  +
! Tw
  +
! D
  +
! Dj
  +
! Dw
  +
! K
  +
! Kw
  +
! G
  +
! Gj
  +
! Bf
  +
! F
  +
! V
  +
! Th
  +
! Dh
  +
! S
  +
! Z
  +
! Hs
  +
! Hz
  +
! Khs
  +
! Gs
  +
! Ch
  +
! H
  +
! M
  +
! N
  +
! Ñ
  +
! Gn
  +
! L
  +
! J
  +
! W
  +
|-
  +
! Rowspan=20 | First<br />Consonant
  +
! Bf
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=Example text=
  
=Example text=
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====Original====
  
====Original====
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Strength/Force of wisdom/knowledge
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Strenght/Force of wisdom/knowledge
   
 
====Translated====
  
====Translated====
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[[Category:Umbrean]]
  
[[Category:Umbrean]]
 
[[Category:Admins Pick]]
  
[[Category:Admins Pick]]
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[[Category:Languages]]
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[[Category:Alien languages]]
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[[Category:Umbrean]]
  
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[[Category:Admins Pick]]
  

Revision as of 23:11, 11 October 2018

The author requests that you do not make significant changes to this project without first seeking approval.
By all means, please either help fix spelling, grammar and organization problems or contact the author about them. Thank you.
This project is completed.
By all means, please contribute to the language's culture and/or history.
Progress 96%


Name: Umbrean

Type: Fusional

Alignment: Tripartite

Head Direction: Final

Number of genders: 4

Declensions: Yes

Conjugations: Yes

Nouns declined
according to
Case Number
Definitiveness Gender
Verbs conjugated
according to
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect


Setting

Umbrean is spoken in The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Oyabizna. It is set in a steampunk fantasy world.

General Information

Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there are no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest related verb, though some are stand alone nouns (but they are rare). The sentence structure of Umbrean is SOV, it is an agglutinating and isolating language in which both shift depending on what category of things one deals with, but it is consistent in that Category.


Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Nouns Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Adjectives Yes No Yes No No No No No
Numbers Yes No No No No No No No
Participles Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Word order

Umbrean is a SOV language

Subject Postpositional Direct Object Supine Verb

Phonology

Single Letters

Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

Romanized Alphabet

ABČÇDEFGǦHIJKLMNŊÑOPRSŠŞTUVYZŽÜËÖ
abčçdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö

Consonants

Vowels

Pronunciation of Umbrean Alphabet

Front Near front Central Near back Back
Close i (i) y (y) ɨ (i) ʉ (u) u (ü)
Near-close e (e)
Close-mid ɛ (ë) ɵ (ö) o (o)
Mid
Open-mid ɛ (ë) œ (ö) o (ɔ)
Near-open
Open a (a) ɑ (a) ɒ(a)

Length: The length of a vowel is shown by the amount, two identical vowels next to each other indicate a long vowel unless colliding with diphthongs in which it takes presidence over the length

Diphthongs

Phonotactics

Possible syllables, note that the consonants in front of the vowel and behind it, are independent.

Syllable Structure
General
C C V C C
Possible
Initial Vowel Final
Consonant Vowel Consonant
Nasal Unvoiced
Affricative 		Vowel Nasal Nasal
Nasal Fricative Vowel Affricative Nasal
Nasal Nasal Vowel Plosive Fricative
Nasal Plosive Vowel Plosive Plosive
Affricative Nasal Vowel Fricative Fricative
Voiced
Plosive 		Nasal Vowel Fricative Nasal
Plosive Fricative Vowel
Plosive Plosive Vowel
Fricative Fricative Vowel
Fricative Plosive Vowel

Stress

Stress is regular and follows this rule

Ultima - unless the word ends with a vowel in which case it is penult.

Basic Grammar

Verbs

Notice, tables here and on Contionary may differ and in such an event go by those on Contionary and please copy them over here as they are more frequently updated to changes than these are, spellings of words are the same.

Verbal structure, bold isn't always present:

Verb-Tempus-Person


Voices

Voices are modified through cases

Name Position Usage
Agent Patient Postposition
Active Ergative Accusative Dative Standard
Anti-Passive Intransitive - - Focus on the Agent
Passive - Intransitive - Focus on Patient
Applicative Voice - - Ergative + Postposition root Focus on postposition
Middle Voice Reflexive
  • To indicate it was done to, by them/itself
  • That an event occures to the object for no reason or seemingly so.
  • The true subject is unknown


Transitivity

A verbs transitivity can be altered through suffixes prior to the tempus' suffix


Verb Agreement

Magical

Living

Artificial

Artificial (-ev)

Non-Moving

Non-Moving (-ov)


tInfinitive

Denotes the action as a noun.

Gender
Magical Living Artificial Non-moving
Case Erg -as -öšš -ŋy -ios
Acc -miin -amöss -ym -iom
Int -ëñ -ënö -nvly -ñü
Dat -mna -nööm -yŋii -blo
Ref -pje -öpp -ööǧi -üüž

Gerund

Gerund form of a verb is used to form noun phrases and changes according to tense

Participles

Participles come in 2 shapes all get the endings added from the list below to turn them from the verb form but differ slightly.

  1. Attributive: Gains the adjectival participles suffix and is then declined like an adjectve (The Verbing Noun, The burning car)
  2. Substantive: Gains the noun participles suffix but is then also added noun declension to match their position as a noun (The one who verbed, The one who ate)
    1. Must take the gender of what it replaces or is thought to replace.
Voices
Active Passive Middle
Past Present Future Past Present Future Present
Perfective Inceptive Continuative Genericative Terminative Retrospective Perfective Continueative Terminative Perfective
Continuative
Attribute
Substantive Living
Artificial
Magical
Non-Moving
Relative Participle
Voices
Anti-
Passive 		Passive Applicative
Past Present Future Past Present Future Past Present Future
Pos Perfective
Retrospective
Pausative
Inceptive
Continuative
Terminative
Genericative
Neg Perfective
Retrospective
Pausative
Inceptive
Continuative
Terminative
Genericative

Supine

A supine is formed by adding ending which depends on the verb class and treat the nouns around as part of it, keeping SOV structure and so on.

Verb forms

Passive
Living Artificial Non-moving Magical
Gerundive -tji -zan -pin -amm
Supine -ivvu -ansy -nü -gva
Abilitative -zin -inm -öbld -dma
Permissative -tju -vzy -fi -vvlës
Possabilitative -chon -gööpi -affi -së
Advisabilitative -zhiin -tjoodd -sun -mi
Prohobitative -gni -khii -pjikn -omn
Hypothetical -mi -pjöss -tjii -nta
Potensial/Optative -zoom -ööf -tjyy -djöz
Dubative -uff -ökh -zöö -tyym
Conditional -tlözh -eef -kny -sevv

All of these transforms the verb into an adjective like form which can also be used as nouns with copulas and is used for modality.

  • Gerundive: Marks that the noun it modifies is needs or ought to be the object of the verb
  • Abilative: Marks that the noun it modifies is can or is able to be the object of the verb
  • Permissative: Marks that the noun it modifies has the permission to be the object of the verb
  • Possabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is possibly the object of the verb
  • Advisabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is adviced to be the object of the verb
  • Prohobative: Marks that the noun it modifies forbidden to be the object of the verb
  • Hypothetical: Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object of the verb
  • Potensial/Optative: Marks that the noun it modifies probably is or is wanted to be the object of the verb
  • Dubative: Marks that the noun it modifies doubtfully is the object of the verb
  • Conditional: Marks that the noun it modifies conditionally is the object of the verb

Auxiliary

Umbrean uses some auxilary verbs for various purposes. It is placed behind the initial verb, takes the conjugations of tempus and person while the other is left in infinitive form.

Caternative

Doesn't really exist since noun clauses are all of it.

Nouns

Genders

Umbrean genders include Non-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical

Gender Description Example
Non-Moving Things that can't move in any way by their own force Stone, Wall, House
Living Objects that are alive Animal, Fish, Human
Mechanical Machines, electronics etc Steam engine, Train
Magical Things that move seemingly without a cause Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun

Noun Declension

Cases

Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative and Reflexive

Case Desription:
Ergative The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Dative Case The grammatical case used to define the indirect object of a bitransitive verb
and used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive Case The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension table

Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular


Name Amount
Singular 1
Paucal 2-6
Plural 6<
Case Declension
First Second Third Fourth
Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non
Singular
Erg -asj -ösj -y -üfj -ia -aö -ny -ios -az -ösj -iz -üv
Acc -am -aöm -ymm -öm -amii -aöm -nym -om -adzm -ödz -izz -üvz
Int -aë -öë -aë -aü -ëi aö -ë oë -am -özm -yzzm -üfm
Dat -na -nöö -ny -nü -ina -naö -nnë -nio -ǧa -ǧös -ǧyz

-ǧüv

Ref -ap -ub -yyp -op -apj -ab -nyp -op -ag -ök -ygb -ǧüm
Paucal
Erg -ssi -zu -ös -fi -asi -ös -ens -sio
Acc -ami -ömi -ym -ëmü -immi -ami -ym -iom
Int -ni -ön -enëë -nü -ni -anö -unë -ion
Dat -ŋŋa -ŋii -ënn -ŋü -ŋii -ŋii -ëni -ŋo
Ref -pja -pja -pe -bü pë -öp -up -pjo
Plural
Erg -ims -öm -ims -ümz -iam -öm -ins -ümz
Acc -ömm -umni -ymii -ëmn -inn -amn -ymii -omn
Int -avl -övv -ivli -üff -avj -ivli -nvli -iof
Dat -aa -öşaa -yş -üşi -aa -öşaa -nşi -oşi
Ref -ia -öǧin -iǧǧi -üüž -iǧa -öin -iǧǧ -iǧ
Defintiveness Suffix
First Second Third Fourth
Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural Singular Paucal Plural
Proximal
Definite
Medial şem
Distal

waste

Adjective

Adjectives are genderless in their original form as a rule and acquire a gender to agree with the noun they modify. They also agree with the number while person is irrelevant. The adjectives are strict on always needing a noun after them,if one wishes to express "being X"one uses the predicate endings and treat it as a verb.


In both cases the Positive form in comparative, there is no superlative form, means in the sense of more of the adjective, while negative means less so.


Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify

Predicate
Temporative Permanent
Positive Negative Positive Negative
Base
Comparative

Adverbs

Adverbs are non-existent and postpositional phrases takes care of their job

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Umbrean have many personal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.

Case Ergative Accusative Intransitive Dative Reflexive
sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl.
coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr.
1st inc. mşë blüsj blöse tmö tmë
exc. ëmn emne ëŋŋj eŋe
2nd Common şimi eeşm eşme kman kmane
Respect žloñ kjüdl kjude ovva ovvë
3rd Proximate Object Magical
Living mǧiz
Artificial
Non-Move
Person ñöǧ dzö dzë baaŋl baŋle
Obviative Object Magical
Living
Artificial
Non-Move
Person

abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö

Obviative

Obviative is used to mark the less important thing in an sentence.

For example if one speaks of two men, Josef and Carl. Wishing to say for "Josef pushed Carl, after that he punched him" the later sentence lacks specification as both pronouns may apply to either Josef of carl, One would add or have the part representing Carl obviative as he is the least important of the two as josef is the one doing the actions.

Obviative is marked with the suffix "adj(G)" where (G) represent the gender vowel of the noun and is placed onto the stem

Reflexive

Reflexive is achived by using reflexive case Umbrean Lessons/26 Reflexive

Genitive

Umbrean does not have a genitive case, a postposition is used instead. It is done in a manner similar to Spanish, which says like "House of Jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind Jacob and becomes "Jacob of House" translated of course. And it should be noticed not everything in Umbrean we consider possessed is possessed there, and they have alien and inalienable possession.

Correlatives

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Correlatives are declined like the type they belong to.

Interrogative Demonstrative Quantifier
Proximal Semi-distal Distal Existential Elective Universal Most Negative
Determinal Living

Widu

Nyzu Xuu Vymu -piñ -ogna -edhö -uñia -ügna
Magical Öma Tjyv'a Mahza Djizha -wep -älma -dyl
Non-Moving Xrülü Jokü Höxrü Vilü -djon -djyn
Mechanical Omhsy Favy Didjy -ildwa -lakhs
Pronoun One of
Sapient Dialu Hütwu Thöru Khsögsu
Living

Abfuthu

Hsëlu Lynmu Zätu
Magical Alka Tjega Röma Ludwa
Information Däth Bfil Woil
Artificial Adëchy Wüñy Födy Vay Nihily
Non-Moving Mehzü Kwögsü Ñuhzü
Out of few Diadwü Dhigy Dialu Yva Ky Khsio Eis Djepo Aqwe
Out of many Süva Kebfü Öva Ñai
Pro-Noun Location Vialü Linü Gsenü Divü
New
New
Time Sia Lyma
 Dykea

Hsyla
Manner Wola

Vagna

Laca

Hsëa

Reason Tava

Lavia

Nidja

Diva
Quantity Qumto
Pro-Adjective Üdjö
Pro-verb Tjygn
Table of correlatives
interrogative demonstrative quantifier
proximal distal existential elective universal negative alternative-positive
determiner which
what 		this (sg.)
these (pl.) 		that (sg.)
those (pl.) 		some any
whichever
whichsoever 		every
each
all 		no another
pronoun human who
whom 		this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		someone
somebody 		anyone
anybody
whoever
whomever
whosoever
whomsoever 		everyone
everybody
all 		no one
nobody 		another
someone else
somebody else
nonhuman what this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		something anything
whatever
whatsoever 		everything
all 		nothing something else
out of two which this one (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that one (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		one either
whichever
whichsoever 		both neither
out of many some
one 		any
whichever
whichsoever 		each
all 		none
pro-adverb location where here there somewhere anywhere
wherever
wheresoever 		everywhere nowhere elsewhere
source whence
wherefrom 		hence thence
thencefrom 		  whenceever
whencesoever 		  nowhence
goal whither
whereto
whereinto
whereunto 		hither thither somewhither anywhither
whithersoever 		  nowhither
time when now then sometime anytime
whenever
whensoever 		always
everywhen 		never
manner how
whereby 		thus
hereby 		thereby somehow anyhow
however
howsoever 		  noway
noways
nowise
nohow (col.) 		otherwise
reason why
wherefore 		  therefore        

Postposition

Umbrean uses postposition after the clause or word in question, "table on" "going out her with". Postpositions are declined in accordance to gender of the item it describes, such as "on the table" it would agree with the gender of "table" which is artificial.

Singular Pacual Plural
First
Second
Third Magical
Living
Non-Moving
Artificial

Copulas

There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.

Locative

Thugn: Used to describe location of something and it highly irregular and can only express things in that is in third person in accusative form

Tempus
Aspect Positive Negative
Past Present Future Past Present Future
Perfective Thös Thum Thëgn Thugnius Thugnögnia Thugndaë
Pausative Thugnin Thugnavi Thugnönië Thugnabun Thugnamëö Thugnidjaë
Perfect Thugnës Thuus Thugndan Thugnom Thugnadaë Thugngnius
Inceptive Thugnyam Thugnignö Thugnanum Thugnüöm Thugnayñ Thugnigne
Continuative Thugnaëñ Thaöm Thugnagnus Thugnaëgn Thugniöm Thugninaë
Terminative Thugnüs Thugnahni Thugnam Thugnoym Thugnüniu Thugnis
Genericative Thugnhnia Thugnüm Thugnaënu Thugnibus Thugnaë Thugnnilë

Temporative

Mym: is a temporative copula describing something being something and is temporary and is highly irregular.

Tempus
Aspect Positive Negative
Past Present Future Past Present Future
Perfective Mymös Mymöm Mymiögn Mymius Mymögnia Mymdaë
Pausative Mymin Mymavi Mymönië Mymabun Mymamëö Mymidjaë
Perfect Mymës Mymiüs Mymdan Mymom Mymadaë Mymgnius
Inceptive Mymyam Mymignö Mymanum Mymüöm Mymayñ Mymigne
Continuative Mymaëñ Mymaöm Mymagnus Mymaëgn Mymiöm Myminaë
Terminative Mymüs Mymahni Mymam Mymoym Mymüniu Mymis
Genericative Mymhnia Mymüm Mymaënu Mymibus Mymaë Mymnilë

Permanentative

Huzj: is a permanent copula describing how something always is. Like the others it is hughly irregular.

Time Manner Place

Umbrean says things in the order of Time manner place rather than english Place Manner Time

Modality

Ways to form modality in a sentence in Umbrean compared to English

Unlike in English these don't differ relative to the tense in which they are used but the verbs tense tells what tense.

Name Umbrean English
Verb form Past Present Future
Ability/Availability Abilative could, was/were able to can, am/is/are able to will be able to
Requests Permissative ---- can, could, will, would
Permission could, was/were allowed to may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to will be allowed to
Possibility Possibilative may have, might have, could have may, might, could
Impossibility Possibilative + Negation couldn’t have couldn’t, can’t
Advisability Advisabilative should have, ought to have, had better have should, ought to, had better
Expectation Gerundive should have, ought to have should, ought to
Necessity had to must, have to, has to will have to
Lack of Necessity Gerundive + Negation didn’t have to don’t have to, doesn’t have to won’t have to
Prohibition Prohobatative could not must not, may not, cannot
Logical Deduction Gerundive must have, have to have, has to have must, have to, has to ----

Syntax

Standard

The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "Adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"


Conditional Sentence

Generalizations Conditional sentences expresses factual things that always occur, "If water is heated to 10 degrees it boils" and the If can be replaced with "when" or "whenever".

Hypothetical Conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation that is very unlikely to occur but plausible.

Factual Conditional sentence states it as factual that the result will occur if condition is meet. It may also be used to express that if the condition had been meet result should also have occurred but didn't.


Kind Condition Result
Generalizations Hypothetical Mood Genericative Aspect
Hypothetical Dubative Mood Conditional Mood
Factual Hypothetical Mood Conditional Mood



Subordinate clause

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Noun Clause

Noun clause is formed by declining the subsentence like normally, then add the gerund suffix onto it and then decline it in accordance to any noun.

Adjective Clause

Adjective clauses are closely related to participles as the verb takes on an adjective participle form and is then declined like an adjective.

Part Relativizable? Example Translation
Subject Yes
Direct Object No
Indirect Subject No
Oblique No

Adverbial Clause / Prepositional Clauses

Adverbial clauses don't exactly exist in Umbrean but rather use prepositions for it preceded by a noun or noun clause.

Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
Conditional Clause Conditional Tense These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
Purpose Clause These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
Reason Clause Éñalñö These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
Result Clause These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
Concessive Clause These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
Place Clauses These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
Clauses of Manner These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
Clauses of Exclamations Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause when, before, after, since, while, as, until These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. Her father died when she was young.
Conditional Clause if, unless These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences. If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
Purpose Clause in order to, so that, in order that These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
Reason Clause because, since, as, given These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
Result Clause so that These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concessive Clause although, though, while These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
Place Clauses where, wherever These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. He said he was happy where he was.
Clauses of Manner as, like, the way These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done. I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
Clauses of Exclamations what a(an), how, such, so Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!). What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!

Dictionary

Can be seen at Umbrean Words and Dictionary and Lists

Motion and position


No. English
1I—
2you (singular)—
3he—
4we—
5you (plural)—
6they—
7this—
8that—
9here—
10there—
11who—
12what—
13where—
14when—
15how—
16not—
17all—
18many—
19some—
20few—
21other—
22one—
23two—
24three—
25four—
26five—
27big—
28long—
29wide—
30thick—
31heavy—
32small—
33short—
34narrow—
35thin—
36woman—
37man (adult male)—
38man (human being)—
39child—
40wife—
41husband—
42mother—
43father—
44animal—
45fish—
46bird—
47dog—
48louse—
49snake—
50worm—
51tree—
52forest—
53stick—
54fruit—
55seed—
56leaf—
57root—
58bark—
59flower—
60grass—
61rope—
62skin—
63meat—
64bloodTao
65bone—
66fat—
67egg—
68horn—
69tail—
70feather—
71hair—
72head—
73ear—
74eye—
75nose—
76mouth—
77tooth—
78tongue—
79fingernail—
80foot—
81leg—
82knee—
83hand—
84wing—
85belly—
86guts—
87neck—
88back—
89breast—
90heart—
91liver—
92drink—
93eat—
94bite—
95suck—
96spit—
97vomit—
98blow—
99breathe—
100laugh—
101see—
102hear—
103know—
104think—
105smell—
106fear—
107sleep—
108live—
109die—
110kill—
111fight—
112hunt—
113hit—
114cut—
115split—
116stab—
117scratch—
118dig—
119swim—
120fly—
121walk—
122come—
123lie—
124sit—
125stand—
126turn—
127fall—
128give—
129hold—
130squeeze—
131rub—
132wash—
133wipe—
134pull—
135push—
136throw—
137tie—
138sew—
139count—
140say—
141sing—
142play—
143float—
144flow—
145freeze—
146swell—
147sun—
148moon—
149star—
150water—
151rain—
152river—
153lake—
154sea—
155salt—
156stone—
157sand—
158dust—
159earth—
160cloud—
161fog—
162sky—
163wind—
164snow—
165ice—
166smoke—
167fire—
168ash—
169burn—
170road—
171mountain—
172red—
173green—
174yellow—
175white—
176black—
177night—
178day—
179year—
180warm—
181cold—
182full—
183new—
184old—
185good—
186bad—
187rotten—
188dirty—
189straight—
190round—
191sharp—
192dull—
193smooth—
194wet—
195dry—
196correct—
197near—
198far—
199right—
200left—
201at—
202in—
203with—
204and—
205if—
206because—
207name—


Directions are divided on from whos perspective it is, first, second or third person.

Verb words

Methods of death and killing
English Umbrean
Natural Death —
Suffication —
Drown —
Hunt Death —
Murdered Murder —
Strangle —
Stab —
Claw —

Noun words

Body

Body parts
Head
Neck
Finger Hand Lower arm Upper arm Chest Upper arm Lower arm Hand Finger
Back
Belly
Hip Groin Hip
Upper leg Upper leg
Lower leg Lower leg
Toes Foot Foot Toes
Body parts
Bjöthy
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
—
— — —
— — —
— — —
— — — — —

Animals


Colour and emotion

Various

Weather

Everyday

Kinship

Idiomatic

Particles

Particle Description English
Ëëch Particle for questions and to mark one is thinking, wondering or pondering. In a general curious mood. Hmmmm

Conjunction

Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Conjunction Logical Description Word Enclitic
Noun clause Relative clause Sentence Noun clause Relative clause Sentence
And And Both Ö Nşa -ön -nan
- Adjective
separator 		- Ëtsj -
- Noun -
Adjective
applier 		Blëë - -
- Verb connector Bjëë - -
Xand Either both or none Hsëë
Or Or Inclusive Ŋǧe
Xor Exclusive Yşjë
But - Contrary Ööñ

Swadesh


No. English
1I—
2you (singular)—
3he—
4we—
5you (plural)—
6they—
7this—
8that—
9here—
10there—
11who—
12what—
13where—
14when—
15how—
16not—
17all—
18many—
19some—
20few—
21other—
22one—
23two—
24three—
25four—
26five—
27big—
28long—
29wide—
30thick—
31heavy—
32small—
33short—
34narrow—
35thin—
36woman—
37man (adult male)—
38man (human being)—
39child—
40wife—
41husband—
42mother—
43father—
44animal—
45fish—
46bird—
47dog—
48louse—
49snake—
50worm—
51tree—
52forest—
53stick—
54fruit—
55seed—
56leaf—
57root—
58bark—
59flower—
60grass—
61rope—
62skin—
63meat—
64blood—
65bone—
66fat—
67egg—
68horn—
69tail—
70feather—
71hair—
72head—
73ear—
74eye—
75nose—
76mouth—
77tooth—
78tongue—
79fingernail—
80foot—
81leg—
82knee—
83hand—
84wing—
85belly—
86guts—
87neck—
88back—
89breast—
90heart—
91liver—
92drink—
93eat—
94bite—
95suck—
96spit—
97vomit—
98blow—
99breathe—
100laugh—
101see—
102hear—
103know—
104think—
105smell—
106fear—
107sleep—
108live—
109die—
110kill—
111fight—
112hunt—
113hit—
114cut—
115split—
116stab—
117scratch—
118dig—
119swim—
120fly—
121walk—
122come—
123lie—
124sit—
125stand—
126turn—
127fall—
128give—
129hold—
130squeeze—
131rub—
132wash—
133wipe—
134pull—
135push—
136throw—
137tie—
138sew—
139count—
140say—
141sing—
142play—
143float—
144flow—
145freeze—
146swell—
147sun—
148moon—
149star—
150water—
151rain—
152river—
153lake—
154sea—
155salt—
156stone—
157sand—
158dust—
159earth—
160cloud—
161fog—
162sky—
163wind—
164snow—
165ice—
166smoke—
167fire—
168ash—
169burn—
170road—
171mountain—
172red—
173green—
174yellow—
175white—
176black—
177night—
178day—
179year—
180warm—
181cold—
182full—
183new—
184old—
185good—
186bad—
187rotten—
188dirty—
189straight—
190round—
191sharp—
192dull—
193smooth—
194wet—
195dry—
196correct—
197near—
198far—
199right—
200left—
201at—
202in—
203with—
204and—
205if—
206because—
207name—


Numbers

Number English Umbrean Number English Umbrean
0 Zero 16 Sixteen
1 One 17 Seventeen
2 Two 18 Eighteen
3 Three 19 Nineteen
4 Four 20 Twenty
5 Five 21 Twenty one
6 Six 22 Twenty two
7 Seven 23 Twenty three
8 Eight 24 Twenty four
9 Nine 25 Twenty five
10 Ten 26 Twenty six
11 Eleven 27 Twenty seven
12 Twelve 28 Twenty eight
13 Thirteen 29 Twenty nine
14 Fourteen 30 Thirty
15 Fifteen 31 Thirty one
12 potens
Potense 12^x Suffix Word
1 12 (10)
2 144 (100)
4 20736 (10000)
8 429981696 (100000000)

Numbers in Umbrean have to agree by gender to the noun and changes whether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple

  • Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
  • Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
  • Fractal: Division, Half, One third, One fourth, one fifth
  • Multiple: Multiple of a number, Twice, Trice, Four times, Five times
  • Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
  • Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
Cardinal Ordinal Fractal Multiplicative Reproductive Collective Distributive Addition Subtraction Power Root
Magical: - - - - - - - - - - -
Living: - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-Moving: - - - - - - - - - - -
Artificial: - - - - - - - - - - -

Compound words

Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.

They often suffer natural "erosion" in form of where the begining or the end (depending on their joint location) is either over lapped by the other or eroded to shorten the word.

Type English Umbrean Parts
Verb-Verb
Noun-Verb
Adjective-Noun
Postposition-Verb

Word Classes

While english division here is shown the umbrean language divides its own words a bit differently

  • Nouns ()
    • Items, objects, concepts and ideas
  • Adjectives ()

Orthography

Umbrean writing system is written from up to down, then left to right and is an abugida.

There exist 4 versions of each letter, Isolated (when the letter occurs alone), When the letter initiates a word, when its in the middle and when it ends a word. The middle and End version can be fused with each other to create a new letter

Letter Table

Position
Isolated Initial Middle End
Consonant B
B d

Example text

Check out Umbrean/Translations

Featuring

Original

This language was once featured.
Thanks to its level of quality, plausibility and usage capabilities, it has been voted as featured.

Translated

Hsëlu gnothlu mëhsimagn djihsaj bimëlösikhsi

This[Living] Language[Living-Definite] Earlier[Magical-Dative] At[3p-Magical] Feature[Past-3S]

Bymidhuvö gnodhul vandwaogna dhüaj tjoolagn göönüküñ ö gnuthinzinhulagn ñyvözaj pjomihsësavy

Unique[Living-Singular-Undefined] Language[Living-Singular-Undefined-Intransitive] Quality[Dative-Magical-Undefined] Of[3P-Magical] Great[Magical-Singular-Undefined] Amount[Dative-Non Moving-Singular Undefined] And Speakabilitiness[Dative-Magical-Singular-Undefined] Thanks-to[3P-Magical] Vote[Past-per][3P-Sing]

Literal Translation

This languages was made unique at the time of an earlier point in time.

It has been voted a unique language for reason of good amount of quality and a speakability

Original

Shame upon those who gives up

Translated

Thignöminu (those who give up)

Zhüma (shame)

Mindhëam = must/deserve to feel

Mindhëam Zhüma = deserves to feel shame

Thignömingu Mindhëam Zhümalu tjygnömza

Literal Translation

Those who quit deserves to/must feel shame

Original

Strenght/Force of wisdom/knowledge

Translated

"sikwaogna djinvai penevu" = Power/Force/strenght from wisdom

Literal Translation

Force originates from wisdom

Lessons

If inconsistencies are found between this thread and lessons in umbrean wording the lesson is most likely incorrect so please help by fixing it

Lesson 01: Simple Phrases

Lesson 02: Simple Sentences

Lesson 03: Adding Object

Lesson 04: Another object

Lesson 05: Nouns and pronouns

Lesson 06: Adjectives

Lesson 07: Verb Tenses

Lesson 08: Verb Voices and moods

Lesson 09: Adverbs

Lesson 10: Modifying the verb

Lesson 11: Postposition

Lesson 12: Questions

Lesson 13: Noun Clause

Lesson 14: Adjective Clause

Lesson 15: Verb forms

Lesson 16: Gerund

Lesson 17: Supine

Lesson 18: Gerundive

Lesson 19: Adverbial Clauses

Lesson 20: Modality

Lesson 21: Conjunctions

Lesson 22: Mathematics

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