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Umbrean

Revision as of 20:19, 3 May 2012 by EmperorZelos (talk | contribs) (→‎Participles)
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Name: Umbrean

Type: Fusional

Alignment: Tripartite

Head Direction: Final

Number of genders: 4

Declensions: Yes

Conjugations: Yes

Nouns declined
according to
Case Number
Definitiveness Gender
Verbs conjugated
according to
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect


Setting

Umbrean is spoken in The Union of Confederated Umbrean Republican States, aka UCURS or Umbrean Confederacy, but is one of the major languages on Oyabizna. It is set in a steampunk fantasy world.

General Information

Umbrean is a verb based language, i.e. there are no adjectives and almost all other words are derived from their closest related verb, though some are stand alone nouns (but they are rare). The sentence structure of Umbrean is SOV, it is an agglutinating and isolating language in which both shift depending on what category of things one deals with, but it is consistent in that Category.


Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Nouns Yes Yes Yes No No No No No
Adjectives Yes No Yes No No No No No
Numbers Yes No No No No No No No
Participles Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Word order

Umbrean is a SOV language

Sentence
Subject
Noun Clause 		Direct Object
Noun Clause 		Postpositional Supine Verb
Transitive
Ergative Accusative Postpositional Supine Verb
Intransitive
Intransitive Postpositional Supine Verb
Noun Phrase
Relative Clause Postpositional Phrase Determiner Demonstrative Adjective Noun
Relative Clause
Noun Phrase Verb Phrase
Participle
Verb Phrase
Postpositional Phrase Verb
Postposition Phrase
Noun Phrase Postposition

Phonology

Single Letters

Umbrean alphabets sounds like this.

Romanized Alphabet

ABČÇDEFGǦHIJKLMNŊÑOPRSŠŞTUVYZŽÜËÖ
abčçdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö

Consonants

Palatalized homophones

Palatalized consonants are homophonic to consonants with an IPA j after them. pj=pj


Vowels

Pronunciation of Umbrean Alphabet

Front Near front Central Near back Back
Close i (i) y (y) ɨ (i) ʉ (u) u (ü)
Near-close e (e)
Close-mid ɛ (ë) ɵ (ö) o (o)
Mid
Open-mid ɛ (ë) œ (ö) o (ɔ)
Near-open
Open a (a) ɑ (a) ɒ(a)

Length: The length of a vowel is shown by the amount, two identical vowels next to each other indicate a long vowel unless colliding with diphthongs in which it takes presidence over the length

Diphthongs
Umbrean Ipa
ëi ɛj
io jo
ia ja

Phonotactics

Possible syllables, note that the consonants in front of the vowel and behind it, are independent. Palatalized consonants comes before a vowel.

Syllable Structure
General
C C V C C
Possible
Initial Vowel Final
Consonant Vowel Consonant
Nasal Unvoiced
Affricative 		Vowel Nasal Nasal
Nasal Fricative Vowel Affricative Nasal - n
Nasal Nasal Vowel Plosive Fricative
Nasal Plosive Vowel Plosive Plosive
Affricative Nasal - n Vowel Fricative Fricative
Voiced
Plosive 		Nasal Vowel Fricative Nasal
Plosive Fricative Vowel Fricative Lateral
Plosive Plosive Vowel Lateral Fricative
Fricative Fricative Vowel Latera Affricative
Fricative Plosive Vowel Voiced
Affricative 		Lateral
Plosive Lateral Vowel Nasal Lateral
Fricative Lateral Vowel Plosive Lateral
Voiced
Affricative 		Lateral Vowel
Nasal Lateral Vowel
Lateral Nasal Vowel

Stress

Stress is regular and follows this rule

Ultima - unless the word ends with a vowel in which case it is penult.

Basic Grammar

Verbs

Notice, tables here and on Contionary may differ and in such an event go by those on Contionary and please copy them over here as they are more frequently updated to changes than these are, spellings of words are the same.



Voices

Voices are modified through cases

Name Position Usage
Agent Patient Postposition
Active Ergative Accusative Dative Standard
Anti-Passive Intransitive - - Focus on the Agent

Deletes patient

Passive - Intransitive - Focus on Patient

Deletes Agent

Applicative Voice - - Ergative + Postposition root Focus on postposition
Middle Voice Reflexive
  • To indicate it was done to, by them/itself
  • That an event occures to the object for no reason or seemingly so.
  • The true subject is unknown


Transitivity

Verb Agreement

Infinitive

Denotes the action as a noun.

Gender
Magical Living Artificial Non-moving
Undefined Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Defined Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref

Gerund

Gerund form of a verb is used to form noun phrases and changes according to tense

Participles

Supine

A supine is formed by adding ending which depends on the verb class and treat the nouns around as part of it, keeping SOV structure and so on.

Verb forms

Adjectival Modality
Passive Active
Gerundive -pi -psi
Supine -döti -dötši
Abilitative -mŋi -mma
Permissative -do -dzoo
Possabilitative -my -mǧy
Advisabilitative -ŋu -ŋtu
Prohobitative -tko -tto
Hypothetical -efu -effsu
Potensial
/Optative 		-amü -amtü
Dubative -ëǧǧa -ëǧta
Conditional
Verbal Modality
Passive Active
Gerundive -pim -psim
Supine -dösm -döşm
Abilitative -mim -mam
Permissative -dom -dzüm
Possabilitative -mym -mǧym
Advisabilitative -ŋum -ŋtum
Prohobitative -tkom -ttom
Hypothetical -efum -effsum
Potensial
/Optative 		-amüm -amom
Dubative -ëǧǧam -ëǧtam
Conditional

All of these transforms the verb into an adjective like form which can also be used as nouns with copulas and is used for modality.

  • Gerundive: Marks that the noun it modifies is needs or ought to be the object of the verb
  • Abilative: Marks that the noun it modifies is can or is able to be the object of the verb
  • Permissative: Marks that the noun it modifies has the permission to be the object of the verb
  • Possabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is possibly the object of the verb
  • Advisabilitative: Marks that the noun it modifies is adviced to be the object of the verb
  • Prohobative: Marks that the noun it modifies forbidden to be the object of the verb
  • Hypothetical: Marks that the noun it modifies could be the object of the verb
  • Potensial/Optative: Marks that the noun it modifies probably is or is wanted to be the object of the verb
  • Dubative: Marks that the noun it modifies doubtfully is the object of the verb
  • Conditional: Marks that the noun it modifies conditionally is the object of the verb

Auxiliary

Umbrean uses some auxilary verbs for various purposes. It is placed behind the initial verb, takes the conjugations of tempus and person while the other is left in infinitive form.

Caternative

Doesn't really exist since noun clauses are all of it.

Nominalization

To nominalize a verb one simply uses the infitive form along with adpositions for the subject and object

Nouns

Genders

Umbrean genders include Non-moving, Living, Mechanical and Magical

Gender Description Example
Non-Moving Things that can't move in any way by their own force Stone, Wall, House
Living Objects that are alive Animal, Fish, Human
Mechanical Machines, electronics etc Steam engine, Train
Magical Things that move seemignly without a cause Moon, Fire, Wind, Air, Sun

Noun Declension

Cases

Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Dative and Reflexive

Case Desription:
Ergative Ref The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages
Accusative Acc The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb
Intransitive Int The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb
Dative Dat The grammatical case used to define the indirect object of a bitransitive verb
and used for postpositional phrases
Reflexive Ref The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice

Declension table

Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular


Name Amount
Singular 1
Paucal 2-6
Plural 6<
Case Declension
First Second Third
Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non
Singular
Erg -as -ös -y -üf -ia -aö -yn -ios -az -ös -iz -üv
Acc -am -aöm -ymm -öm -amii -aöm -ymn -om -adzm -ödz -ižž -üvz
Int -aë -öë -aë -aü -ëi -aö -ë -oë -am -özm -yzzm -üfm
Dat -an -öön -yn -ün -imja -amjö -ëmm -imjo -aǧ -öǧs -yǧz -üǧv
Ref -ap -ub -yyp -op -ap -ab -yp -op -ag -ök -ygb -üǧm
Paucal
Erg -iss -uz -ös -if -asji -öš -en -iso -iž -uz -iv -üv
Acc -amji -ömji -ym -ëmjü -immi -amji -ym -iom -azmi -özmi -imji -üvmi
Int -in -ön -enëë -ünl -in -anö -unë -ion -azn -öss -izn -ünl
Dat -aŋŋ -iiŋ -ënn -üŋ -iiŋ -iiŋ -ëni -iŋjo -azŋ -uzŋ -ivŋ -oŋjüü
Ref -opja -opja -ope -obü -opë -öp -up -opjo -obla -opjös -obez -opav
Plural
Erg -im -öfm -im -üm -iasm -ösm -in -üfm -umja -umjö -umji -umjü
Acc -ömm -umni -ymii -ëmjn -inn -amn -ymii -omn -ënaz -ënöz -ëmiz -eŋüv
Int -avl -övv -ivli -üff -av -ivli -nvi -iof -azz -öšš -izz -üüv
Dat -aa -öşjaa -yş -üşi -aa -öşaa -iş -oşi -adz -ydzös -üdziz -üşjü
Ref -ia -öǧin -iǧǧi -üüž -iǧa -öin -iǧǧ -iǧ -aǧ -öǧs -ǧiz -üǧ
Defintiveness Suffix
First Second Third
Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl
Proximal
Definite 		Erg -t -k -ut -m -m -en -m -m -g
Acc -n -p -ni -iv -n -es -iŋ -iŋ -g
Int -ss -if -ži -ss -m -z -iǧ -o -oo
Dat -m -m -m -n -n -n -m -is -n
Ref -t -s -z -s -s -s -u -š -š
Medial Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Distal Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Possessive Suffix
First Decl Second Decl Third Decl
Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl
First Person Sg
Pc
Pl
Second Person Sg
Pc
Pl
Third Person Sg
Pc
Pl

Adjective

Adjectives are genderless in their original form as a rule and acquire a gender to agree with the noun they modify. They also agree with the number while person is irrelevant. The adjectives are strict on always needing a noun after them,if one wishes to express "being X"one uses the predicate endings and treat it as a verb.


In both cases the Positive form in comparative, there is no superlative form, means in the sense of more of the adjective, while negative means less so.


Adjectives are placed in front of the noun they modify

Predicate
Temporative Permanent
P N P N
Base
Comparative -

Order

  1. quality
  2. quantity
  3. size
  4. age
  5. opinion
  6. shape
  7. color
  8. proper adjective (often nationality, other place of origin, or material)
  9. purpose or qualifier

Adverbs

Adverbs are non-existent and postpositional phrases takes care of their job


Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Umbrean have many personal pronouns for various situations and the choice is critical in conversation as wrong choice can be considered an insult.

Case Ergative Accusative Intransitive Dative Reflexive
sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl.
coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr. coll. distr.
1st inc. mşë
exc.
2nd Common öǧm
Respect möǧm
3rd Object Magical Dëšt
Living Döst
Artificial Deş
Non-Move Dom
Person General
Male
Female
General Von
1st 2nd 3rd
Person Object
Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl
1st Sg
Pc
Pl
2nd Sg
Pc
Pl
3rd Person Sg
Pc
Pl
Object Sg
Pc
Pl


abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsšştuvyzžüëö

Obviative

Obviative is used to mark the less important thing in an sentence.

For example if one speaks of two men, Josef and Carl. Wishing to say for "Josef pushed Carl, after that he punched him" the later sentence lacks specification as both pronouns may apply to either Josef of carl, One would add or have the part representing Carl obviative as he is the least important of the two as josef is the one doing the actions.

Obviative is marked with the suffix "adj(G)" where (G) represent the gender vowel of the noun and is placed onto the stem

Reflexive

Reflexive is achived by using reflexive case Umbrean Lessons/26 Reflexive

Genitive

Umbrean does not have a genitive case, a postposition is used instead. It is done in a manner similar to Spanish, which says like "House of Jacob" though in umbrean the "of" word is placed behind Jacob and becomes "Jacob of House" translated of course. And it should be noticed not everything in Umbrean we consider possessed is possessed there, and they have alien and inalienable possession.

Correlatives

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.


Correlatives are declined like the type they belong to.

Pro-forms have a couple of additional cases

Case Desription Exampel
Vialis Via Through or by by the way of the house
Through the house
Lative Lat motion to location To the house
Ablative Abl motion away from location away from the house
Locative Loc Location of at the house
Temporative Tmp At the time of at the time of now
Antessative Ant Before before now
Postive Pst After after now/Later
Casual Csl Due to, because of, by method of, by manner of How
Instrumental Ins By means of With a hammer


Interrogative Demonstrative Quantifier
Determiner Pronoun
Proximal Semi-distal Distal Proximal Semi-distal Distal Existential Elective Universal Most Negative Collective Distributive
sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl. sg. pc. pl.
Determinal Living Erg köttus öşm Omn
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Magical Erg köttas aşm
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Non-Moving Erg köttüf üşm
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Mechanical Erg kötty yşm
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref

Pronoun

One of

Sapient Erg köşu
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Living Erg köttu
Acc köttu
Int köttu
Dat köttu
Ref köttu
Magical Erg kötta
Acc kötta
Int kötta
Dat kötta
Ref kötta
Non-Moving Erg köttü
Acc köttü
Int köttü
Dat köttü
Ref köttü
Mechanical Erg köttü
Acc köttü
Int köttü
Dat köttü
Ref kuttü
Information Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Out of few Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Out of many Erg
Acc
Int
Dat
Ref
Pro-Noun Location
Acc kuttiim kudiimi kuttiim
Dat kuttiin kuttiiŋ kutti
Via
Loc
Abl
Alt
New Erg

Acc

Int

Dat

Ref

New

Erg

Acc

Int

Dat

Ref

Time

Acc

Dat

Tmp

Ant

Pst

Manner

Acc

Dat

Ins

Csl

Ref

Reason

Acc

Dat

Csl

Quantity

Acc

Dat

Pro-Adjective

Pro-verb

Test

Table of correlatives
interrogative demonstrative quantifier
proximal distal existential elective universal negative alternative-positive
determiner which
what 		this (sg.)
these (pl.) 		that (sg.)
those (pl.) 		some any
whichever
whichsoever 		every
each
all 		no another
pronoun human who
whom 		this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		someone
somebody 		anyone
anybody
whoever
whomever
whosoever
whomsoever 		everyone
everybody
all 		no one
nobody 		another
someone else
somebody else
nonhuman what this (one) (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that (one) (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		something anything
whatever
whatsoever 		everything
all 		nothing something else
out of two which this one (sg.)
these (ones) (pl.) 		that one (sg.)
those (ones) (pl.) 		one either
whichever
whichsoever 		both neither
out of many some
one 		any
whichever
whichsoever 		each
all 		none
pro-adverb location where here there somewhere anywhere
wherever
wheresoever 		everywhere nowhere elsewhere
source whence
wherefrom 		hence thence
thencefrom 		  whenceever
whencesoever 		  nowhence
goal whither
whereto
whereinto
whereunto 		hither thither somewhither anywhither
whithersoever 		  nowhither
time when now then sometime anytime
whenever
whensoever 		always
everywhen 		never
manner how
whereby 		thus
hereby 		thereby somehow anyhow
however
howsoever 		  noway
noways
nowise
nohow (col.) 		otherwise
reason why
wherefore 		  therefore        

Postposition

Umbrean uses postposition after the clause or word in question, "table on" "going out her with". Postpositions are declined in accordance to gender of the item it describes, such as "on the table" it would agree with the gender of "table" which is artificial.

Sg. Pc. Pl.
C. V. C. V. C. V.
First -i -Vz -ü -Vž -a -Vv
Second -dzi -Vdz -dž -Vdž
V. C.
Third Magical -Vdzm -aa
Living -Vsm -öö
Non-Moving -Vfm -oo
Artificial -Vsn -yy

Copulas

There exist 3 main copulas, one to describe a state, another for location and a third object or permanent thing.

Locative

şuñ: Used to describe location of something and it highly irregular and can only express things in that is in third person in accusative form


Temporative

Mym: is a temporative copula describing something being something and is temporary and is highly irregular.


Permanentative

Sömm: is a permanent copula describing how something always is. Like the others it is hughly irregular.

Time Manner Place

Umbrean says things in the order of Time manner place rather than english Place Manner Time

Modality

Ways to form modality in a sentence in Umbrean compared to English

Unlike in English these don't differ relative to the tense in which they are used but the verbs tense tells what tense.

Name Umbrean English
Verb form Past Present Future
Ability/Availability Abilative could, was/were able to can, am/is/are able to will be able to
Requests Permissative ---- can, could, will, would
Permission could, was/were allowed to may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to will be allowed to
Possibility Possibilative may have, might have, could have may, might, could
Impossibility Possibilative + Negation couldn’t have couldn’t, can’t
Advisability Advisabilative should have, ought to have, had better have should, ought to, had better
Expectation Gerundive should have, ought to have should, ought to
Necessity had to must, have to, has to will have to
Lack of Necessity Gerundive + Negation didn’t have to don’t have to, doesn’t have to won’t have to
Prohibition Prohobatative could not must not, may not, cannot
Logical Deduction Gerundive must have, have to have, has to have must, have to, has to ----

Syntax

Standard

The Umbrean language is a Subject-Object-Verb language that arranges its sentences as "Adam apple ate" rather than the english SVO "Adam ate apple"


Conditional Sentence

Generalizations Conditional sentences expresses factual things that always occur, "If water is heated to 10 degrees it boils" and the If can be replaced with "when" or "whenever".

Hypothetical Conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation that is very unlikely to occur but plausible.

Factual Conditional sentence states it as factual that the result will occur if condition is meet. It may also be used to express that if the condition had been meet result should also have occurred but didn't.


Kind Condition Result
Generalizations Hypothetical Mood Genericative Aspect
Hypothetical Dubative Mood Conditional Mood
Factual Hypothetical Mood Conditional Mood



Subordinate clause

This article or section requires fix up.
It will be done soon.

Noun Clause

Noun clause is formed by declining the subsentence like normally, then add the gerund suffix onto it and then decline it in accordance to any noun.

Adjective Clause

Adjective clauses are closely related to participles as the verb takes on an adjective participle form and is then declined like an adjective.

Part Relativizable? Example Translation
Subject Yes
Direct Object No
Indirect Subject No
Oblique No

Adverbial Clause / Prepositional Clauses

Adverbial clauses don't exactly exist in Umbrean but rather use prepositions for it preceded by a noun or noun clause.

Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.
Conditional Clause Conditional Tense These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.
Purpose Clause These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.
Reason Clause Éñalñö These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.
Result Clause These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.
Concessive Clause These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.
Place Clauses These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.
Clauses of Manner These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.
Clauses of Exclamations Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).
Clause Kind Usual Conjuction Function Example
Time Clause when, before, after, since, while, as, until These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. Her father died when she was young.
Conditional Clause if, unless These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences. If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
Purpose Clause in order to, so that, in order that These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
Reason Clause because, since, as, given These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
Result Clause so that These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
Concessive Clause although, though, while These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now
Place Clauses where, wherever These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. He said he was happy where he was.
Clauses of Manner as, like, the way These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done. I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
Clauses of Exclamations what a(an), how, such, so Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!). What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!

Dictionary

Can be seen at Umbrean Words and Dictionary and Lists

Motion and position


No. English
1I—
2you (singular)—
3he—
4we—
5you (plural)—
6they—
7this—
8that—
9here—
10there—
11who—
12what—
13where—
14when—
15how—
16not—
17all—
18many—
19some—
20few—
21other—
22one—
23two—
24three—
25four—
26five—
27big—
28long—
29wide—
30thick—
31heavy—
32small—
33short—
34narrow—
35thin—
36woman—
37man (adult male)—
38man (human being)—
39child—
40wife—
41husband—
42mother—
43father—
44animal—
45fish—
46bird—
47dog—
48louse—
49snake—
50worm—
51tree—
52forest—
53stick—
54fruit—
55seed—
56leaf—
57root—
58bark—
59flower—
60grass—
61rope—
62skin—
63meat—
64bloodTao
65bone—
66fat—
67egg—
68horn—
69tail—
70feather—
71hair—
72head—
73ear—
74eye—
75nose—
76mouth—
77tooth—
78tongue—
79fingernail—
80foot—
81leg—
82knee—
83hand—
84wing—
85belly—
86guts—
87neck—
88back—
89breast—
90heart—
91liver—
92drink—
93eat—
94bite—
95suck—
96spit—
97vomit—
98blow—
99breathe—
100laugh—
101see—
102hear—
103know—
104think—
105smell—
106fear—
107sleep—
108live—
109die—
110kill—
111fight—
112hunt—
113hit—
114cut—
115split—
116stab—
117scratch—
118dig—
119swim—
120fly—
121walk—
122come—
123lie—
124sit—
125stand—
126turn—
127fall—
128give—
129hold—
130squeeze—
131rub—
132wash—
133wipe—
134pull—
135push—
136throw—
137tie—
138sew—
139count—
140say—
141sing—
142play—
143float—
144flow—
145freeze—
146swell—
147sun—
148moon—
149star—
150water—
151rain—
152river—
153lake—
154sea—
155salt—
156stone—
157sand—
158dust—
159earth—
160cloud—
161fog—
162sky—
163wind—
164snow—
165ice—
166smoke—
167fire—
168ash—
169burn—
170road—
171mountain—
172red—
173green—
174yellow—
175white—
176black—
177night—
178day—
179year—
180warm—
181cold—
182full—
183new—
184old—
185good—
186bad—
187rotten—
188dirty—
189straight—
190round—
191sharp—
192dull—
193smooth—
194wet—
195dry—
196correct—
197near—
198far—
199right—
200left—
201at—
202in—
203with—
204and—
205if—
206because—
207name—


Directions are divided on from whos perspective it is, first, second or third person.

Verb words

Methods of death and killing
English Umbrean
Natural Death —
Suffication —
Drown —
Hunt Death —
Murdered Murder —
Strangle —
Stab —
Claw —

Noun words

Body

Body parts
Bjöthy
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
—
— — —
— — —
— — —
— — — — —

Animals


Colour and emotion

Various

Weather

Everyday

Kinship

Idiomatic

Particles

Particle Description English
Ëëch Particle for questions and to mark one is thinking, wondering or pondering. In a general curious mood. Hmmmm

Conjunction

Connecting to parts is done like in english, X and Y, X or Y

Conjunction Logical Description Word Enclitic -----Meaning----- -------Example-------
Usage
Meaning
Noun clause Relative clause Sentence Noun clause Relative clause Sentence
And And Both Ö Nşa -ön -nan Regular and Boy and girl
- Adjective
seperator 		- Ëtsj - One noun using more adjectives Red and blue man
Red man and blue man
- Noun -
Adjective
applier 		Blëë - - More nouns sharing same adjectives Red man and girl
Red man and red girl
- Verb connector Bjëë - -
Xand Either both or none šëë
Or Or Inclusive Ŋǧe
Xor Exclusive Yşjë
But - Contrary Öön

Derivational Suffixes

To Noun

To Adjective

To Verb

Swadesh


No. English
1I—
2you (singular)—
3he—
4we—
5you (plural)—
6they—
7this—
8that—
9here—
10there—
11who—
12what—
13where—
14when—
15how—
16not—
17all—
18many—
19some—
20few—
21other—
22one—
23two—
24three—
25four—
26five—
27big—
28long—
29wide—
30thick—
31heavy—
32small—
33short—
34narrow—
35thin—
36woman—
37man (adult male)—
38man (human being)—
39child—
40wife—
41husband—
42mother—
43father—
44animal—
45fish—
46bird—
47dog—
48louse—
49snake—
50worm—
51tree—
52forest—
53stick—
54fruit—
55seed—
56leaf—
57root—
58bark—
59flower—
60grass—
61rope—
62skin—
63meat—
64blood—
65bone—
66fat—
67egg—
68horn—
69tail—
70feather—
71hair—
72head—
73ear—
74eye—
75nose—
76mouth—
77tooth—
78tongue—
79fingernail—
80foot—
81leg—
82knee—
83hand—
84wing—
85belly—
86guts—
87neck—
88back—
89breast—
90heart—
91liver—
92drink—
93eat—
94bite—
95suck—
96spit—
97vomit—
98blow—
99breathe—
100laugh—
101see—
102hear—
103know—
104think—
105smell—
106fear—
107sleep—
108live—
109die—
110kill—
111fight—
112hunt—
113hit—
114cut—
115split—
116stab—
117scratch—
118dig—
119swim—
120fly—
121walk—
122come—
123lie—
124sit—
125stand—
126turn—
127fall—
128give—
129hold—
130squeeze—
131rub—
132wash—
133wipe—
134pull—
135push—
136throw—
137tie—
138sew—
139count—
140say—
141sing—
142play—
143float—
144flow—
145freeze—
146swell—
147sun—
148moon—
149star—
150water—
151rain—
152river—
153lake—
154sea—
155salt—
156stone—
157sand—
158dust—
159earth—
160cloud—
161fog—
162sky—
163wind—
164snow—
165ice—
166smoke—
167fire—
168ash—
169burn—
170road—
171mountain—
172red—
173green—
174yellow—
175white—
176black—
177night—
178day—
179year—
180warm—
181cold—
182full—
183new—
184old—
185good—
186bad—
187rotten—
188dirty—
189straight—
190round—
191sharp—
192dull—
193smooth—
194wet—
195dry—
196correct—
197near—
198far—
199right—
200left—
201at—
202in—
203with—
204and—
205if—
206because—
207name—


Numbers

Number English Umbrean Number English Umbrean
0 Zero 16 Sixteen
1 One 17 Seventeen
2 Two 18 Eighteen
3 Three 19 Nineteen
4 Four 20 Twenty
5 Five 21 Twenty one
6 Six 22 Twenty two
7 Seven 23 Twenty three
8 Eight 24 Twenty four
9 Nine 25 Twenty five
10 Ten 26 Twenty six
11 Eleven 27 Twenty seven
12 Twelve 28 Twenty eight
13 Thirteen 29 Twenty nine
14 Fourteen 30 Thirty
15 Fifteen 31 Thirty one
12 potens
Potense 12^x Suffix Word
1 12 (10)
2 144 (100)
4 20736 (10000)
8 429981696 (100000000)

Numbers in umbrean has to agree by gender to the noun and changes wether it is ordinal, cardinal, fractal or multiple

  • Cardinal: Normal number, One, Two, Three, Four, Five
  • Ordinal: in order, First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth
  • Fractal: Division, Half, One third, One fourth, one fifth
  • Multiple: Multiple of a number, Twice, Trice, Four times, Five times
  • Additional: Plus it. Plus one, plus two, plus three, plus four, plus five
  • Subtractional: Minus it, Minus one, minus two, minus three, minus four, minus five
  • Collective: Counting as a single unit, All four, All five
  • Distributive: Singly, Twicly, answers "how many at a time?)
  • Power: to the nth power
  • Root: the nth root of something
Cardinal Ordinal Fractal Multiplicative Reproductive Collective Distributive Addition Subtraction Power Root
Magical: - - - - - - - - - - -
Living: - - - - - - - - - - -
Non-Moving: - - - - - - - - - - -
Artificial: - - - - - - - - - - -

Rational Numbers

To express a rational like "Two and two thirds" one would do this for the general "n and p q's" (n+p/q)

n and p q's
n + 1 p q
Ordinal Multiple Fractal

Compound words

Compound words are formed by taking the original stem, lacking grammatical genders, conjugations or declensions.

They often suffer natural "erosion" in form of where the begining or the end (depending on their joint location) is either over lapped by the other or eroded to shorten the word.

Class Structure Type
Endocentric Exocentric Copulative Adpositional
Verb-Verb
Noun-Verb
Noun-Noun
Adjective-Noun
Postposition-Verb
Type English Umbrean Parts
Verb-Verb
Noun-Verb
Adjective-Noun
Postposition-Verb

Word Classes

While english division here is shown the umbrean language divides its own words a bit differently

  • Nouns ()
    • Items, objects, concepts and ideas
  • Adjectives ()

Orthography

Umbrean writing system is written from up to down, then left to right and is an abugida.

There exist 4 versions of each letter, Isolated (when the letter occurs alone), When the letter initiates a word, when its in the middle and when it ends a word. The middle and End version can be fused with each other to create a new letter

Letter Table

Position
Isolated Initial Middle End
Consonant B
B d


Example text

Check out Umbrean/Translations

Featuring

Original

This language was once featured.
Thanks to its level of quality, plausibility and usage capabilities, it has been voted as featured.

Translated

Hsëlu gnothlu mëhsimagn djihsaj bimëlösikhsi

This[Living] Language[Living-Definite] Earlier[Magical-Dative] At[3p-Magical] Feature[Past-3S]

Bymidhuvö gnodhul vandwaogna dhüaj tjoolagn göönüküñ ö gnuthinzinhulagn ñyvözaj pjomihsësavy

Unique[Living-Singular-Undefined] Language[Living-Singular-Undefined-Intransitive] Quality[Dative-Magical-Undefined] Of[3P-Magical] Great[Magical-Singular-Undefined] Amount[Dative-Non Moving-Singular Undefined] And Speakabilitiness[Dative-Magical-Singular-Undefined] Thanks-to[3P-Magical] Vote[Past-per][3P-Sing]

Literal Translation

This languages was made unique at the time of an earlier point in time.

It has been voted a unique language for reason of good amount of quality and a speakability

Original

Shame upon those who gives up

Translated

Thignöminu (those who give up)

Zhüma (shame)

Mindhëam = must/deserve to feel

Mindhëam Zhüma = deserves to feel shame

Thignömingu Mindhëam Zhümalu tjygnömza

Literal Translation

Those who quit deserves to/must feel shame

Original

Strength/Force of wisdom/knowledge

Translated

"sikwaogna djinvai penevu" = Power/Force/strenght from wisdom

Literal Translation

Force originates from wisdom

Lessons

If inconsistencies are found between this thread and lessons in umbrean wording the lesson is most likely incorrect so please help by fixing it

Lesson 01: Simple Phrases

Lesson 02: Simple Sentences

Lesson 03: Adding Object

Lesson 04: Another object

Lesson 05: Nouns and pronouns

Lesson 06: Adjectives

Lesson 07: Verb Tenses

Lesson 08: Verb Voices and moods

Lesson 09: Adverbs

Lesson 10: Modifying the verb

Lesson 11: Postposition

Lesson 12: Questions

Lesson 13: Noun Clause

Lesson 14: Adjective Clause

Lesson 15: Verb forms

Lesson 16: Gerund

Lesson 17: Supine

Lesson 18: Gerundive

Lesson 19: Adverbial Clauses

Lesson 20: Modality

Lesson 21: Conjunctions

Lesson 22: Mathematics

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