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Velenian
Dac Guenhr Lenīl
Type
Other
Alignment
Nominative-Accusative
Head direction
Head-initial
Tonal
No
Declensions
No
Conjugations
Yes
Genders
No
Nouns decline according to...
Case Number
Definiteness Gender
Verbs conjugate according to...
Voice Mood
Person Number
Tense Aspect



General information[]

Dac Guenhr Lenīl (lit. The Living Language) was the language spoken on the planet of Velenius. The planet itself was a war-planet, and excelled in military force, warfare and tactics against the other inhabitants of the planet; the Nagas.

In general, the language uses particles alongside with a lot of prefixes instead of a case-system. It also only features very few to no irregularities, and grammatically should be easy to understand. The phonetics and pronunciation should be harder, as it has longer words, due to the load of prefixes

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive

p

b

d

t

c

(k)

g

Fricative

f

v/w

(s)

(ʃ)  

H
Flap or Tap (ɾ)
Lateral app. l

The letter f is pronounced as [fi]

f' is pronounced as [f]

Vowels[]

Front Near-back Back
Close i u
Close-mid e o
Mid h (e̞)
Near-open (ɑ)

The letters: ā, ē, ī, ō, and ū are all elongated versions of the vowel, i.e. the ¯ symbol simply indicates that the vowel needs to be long (does not apply to h). This is highly used instead of doubled vowels, for example the subject prefix vu- together with the pronoun -una would be written as vūna and not vuuna.

h/H[]

Notice that h and H are considered different letters. H is aspiration and h is a vowel more or less equal to that of greek η. If a word starts with h the following letter should be capitalized if necessary.

Written Velenian[]

Lenīl[]

The modern writing system of Veleniuz is simply called Lenīl. It is based around soft curls in design and expresses elongation with small circles above letters. Spaces are not used.

F'req[]

A rather outdated style of writing, it could be compared to calligraphy. It is based on the design of frequencies and is not very easy to read, but looks kind of neat, so it became kind of an artsy thing in Velenian culture.

Elēria[]

Elēria means Earth and it is simply writing Velenian with the Latin alphabet, which is what is featured in this article.

Grammar[]

Gender Cases Numbers Tenses Persons Moods Voices Aspects
Verb No No No Yes No Yes No Yes
Nouns No No Yes No No No No No
Adjectives No No No Yes No No No No
Numbers No No No No No No No No
Participles No No No No No No No No
Adverb No No No No No No No No
Pronouns No No Yes No Yes No No No
Adpositions No No No No No No No No
Article No No No No No No No No
Particle No No No No No No No No


Prefixes[]

Prefixes are first of all used for the display of constituents in a sentence.

Prefix Indication

Ve-

Verb prefix
Vu- Subject prefix
Vo- Object prefix (direct)
Vi- Object prefix (indirect, only used with pronouns)
Va- Location prefix. Used with locality and time. Default is "to"
Vh- Instrumental prefix

Proper Nouns do not gain pre- or suffixes, as seen in the title of the language of Velenian, Dac Guenhr Lenian.

Suffixes[]

-il Adjectival suffix; positive
-ul Adjectival suffix; comparative
-hl Adjectival suffix; superlative
-wh Adverbial suffix
-am Hundred suffix
-an Thousand suffix
-ga Day suffix; used primarily with birthdays
-me Month suffix; used primarily with birthdays
-pan Year suffix; used primarily with birthdays
-dar Directional and country suffix
-nali 'doer' suffix

-ua

clothing suffix
-oyi Hallowed suffix; used primarily with the holy scriptures Oveö'yi

Particles[]

Particles
Particle Name Particle Function Place in Sentence
da Positive Particle  Indicates Positive Emphasis After the word it describes
de Neutral Particle  Indicates Indifferent Emphasis After the word it describes
do Negative Particle  Indicates Negative Emphasis After the word it describes
yhg Plural Particle  Indicates Plurality Between Article and Noun
qhj Direct Particle Indicates Direct Possession Between 'Owner' and 'Possession'
chz Indirect Particle Indicates Indirect Possession Between 'Owner' and 'Possession'
penaligonwh wish particle indicates a desire or wish Follows the verb it describes
Punctuation Particles
Particle Name Particle Function Place in Sentence
Heva Question Particle Makes the sentence a Question Beginning
Hevi Exclamation Particle Makes the sentence an Exclamation Beginning
Hel...Le Quote Particles Indicates Direct Speech Around speech

Words like "who, where, when, how" aren't used particularly in Velenian, because the word "Hevi" already states that the following is a question. The sentence: Heva veyonuano vuona Hanyu, is literally translated as "Question, he is." and when translating it, it would automatically mean that you ask: "Who is he?". The question could of course also be "What is he?" or "Where is he?", but that should be apparentt in according to the context.

Type Particles
Indication
Ven Verb indicator
Vun Subject Indicator
Von Object Indicator
Vin Person-object Indicator
Van Location-object Indicator
Vhn Instrument-object Indicator

Verbs[]

Aspects[]

  • Imperfect
  • Future
  • Perfect
  • Pluperfect

Moods[]

  • Indicative
  • Conditional
  • Jussive
  • Potential
  • Imperative
  • Combative
  • Infinitive

Paradigms[]

Conjugation of Leni
Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect
Indic.

Lenia I live or I am living

Lenie I lived or I was living

+ penaligonwh if I live or I wish I lived

Lenif I shall live or I shall be living Leniz I have lived or I have been living Lenij I had lived or I had been living
Cond.

Lenova I will live or I will be living

Lenove I would live or I would be living

Lenoz I would have lived or I would have been living
Juss.

Lennai please let me live

Lennva/-e I live/lived, because + subord.

Lennf I shall live, because + subord. Lennz I have lived, because + subord. Lennj I had lived, because + subord.
Pot. Lenī I may/can/ought to/must live or I may/can/ough to/must be living

Lenīf I could/might/should live or I could/might/should be living

+ penaligonwh if I lived or I wish she could/would live

Lenīz I could/might/should have lived or I could/might/should have been living

+ penaligonwh if I had lived or I wish she could/would have lived

Imper. Lenimin Live!
Comb. Leni Live!!
Infin.

Lenin to live

+ penaligonwh I wish to live

Leninf to be about to live

+ penaligonwh if I were to live

Leninz to have lived

Conjugation of Chq

Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect
Indic. Chqa

Chqe

Chqf Chqz Chqj
Cond. Chqyhva

Chqyhve

Chqyhz
Juss. Chqqai

Chqqva/-e

Chqqf Chqqz Chqqj
Pot. Chr Chf Chz
Imper. Chqimin
Comb. Chq
Infin. Chqun Chqunf Chqunz

Nuance[]

There is concept in the Velenian language known simply as 'nuance', and it is a sort of declension for nouns, pronouns and determiners to show what state of being a thing is in. There are three of these nuances: Ilexal da, Ilexal de, and Ilexal do. In English these are known as "Living", "Half-living", and "non-living".

Ilexal da or "Living" is the standard nuance, and doesn't have to actually convey anything. It takes the vowel a.

Ilexal de or "half-living" is probably the rarest of the three. It conveys either that a thing is literally half dead or dying, or more commonly, that it is of no interest to the speaker. It takes the vowel e.

Ilexal do or "non-living" conveys that a thing is dead or at least an emphasis that it is not living. It can also mean that the speaker feels negatively towards something, such as anger or sadness. It takes the vowel o.

Example: Ja badeviz is "a flower", Je badeviz is "a flower, or whatever" or "A flower, that I don't care about", and jo badeviz is "a dead flower" or "a damned flower".

The speaker and/or writer can freely change between these as he pleases to convey the different nuances.

Nouns[]

Nouns are defined only by their articles and particles. The articles Ja, Je, Jo indicate an indefinite noun (a or an in English), and Dac, Dec, Doc indicate definite (the in English). The particle yhg is used to show that the noun is plural, and is placed between the article and noun.

Pronouns[]

Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nuance Living Half-Living Non-Living Living Half-Living Non-Living
1st Person Ina Ine Ino Ima Ime Imo
2nd Person Una Une Uno Uma Ume Umo
3rd Person Ona One Ono Oma Ome Omo
Relative Prounouns
English Velenian
Who Al
That/Which El

Relative pronouns are placed directly after the word they co-relate to.

Reflexive Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nuance Living Half-Living Non-Living Living Half-Living Non-Living
1st Person Api Epi Opi Aqi Eqi Oqi
2nd Person Apu Epu Opu Aqu Equ Oqu
3rd Person Apo Epo Opo Aqo Eqo Oqo

Reflexive Pronouns are used instead of Personal Pronounce, exampl: Myself -> Api instead of Ina + [Self].

Demonstrative Pronouns
Singular Plural
Nuance Living Half-Living Non-Living Living Half-Living Non-Living
This Dian Dien Dion Diam Diem Diom
That Duan Duen Duon Duam Duem Duom

Determiners[]

Common Determiners
English Living Half-living Non-living
Indefinite A/An Ja Je Jo
Definite The Dac Dec Doc
Partitive Some hTa hTe hTo
Negative No hDa hDe hDo
Whole All/Every Letra Letre Letro
Demonstrative(Close) This/These Dija/Dica Dije/Dice Dijo/Dico
Demonstrative (Far) That/Those Duja/Duca Duje/Duce Dujo/Duco
The use of -thing determiners is created simply by combining one of the determiners above with the word 'cët' (thing). 
See below for more info.

Anything    :    Jacët, Jecët, Jocët
Something   :    hTacët, hTecët, hTocët
Nothing     :    hDacët, hDecët, hDocët
Everything  :    Letracët, Letrecët, Letrocët

The use of -one determiners is created by combining one of the determiners above with the word 'ze' (one).
See below for more info.

Anyone      :    Jaze, Jeze, Joze
Someone     :    hTaze, hTeze, hToze
None        :    hDaze, hDeze, hDoze
Everyone    :    Letraze, Letreze, Letroze

The word 'everybody' is not used in Velenian. Instead 'everyone' (Letra/e/o-ze) is used.

Adjectives[]

[TO DO]

Adverbs[]

[TO DO]

Numbers[]

[TO DO]

Sentence Structure[]

First of all: 'sentences' technically do no exist in the Velenian language; it is simply a string of words. This also means that there are no "Main" nor "Subordinate" clauses. However the Structure of the Velenian language is kind of simple on the other hand.

The basic principle(the order of words) is a VSO format. The complex principle looks like this:

  1. Verb
    • Root + ve(n)
    • Participle
    • Infinitive
    • Adverb
      • Adverb
  2. Subject
    • Determiner / qhj-construction
    • Root + vu(n)
    • Adjective
      • Adverb
  3. Direct Object
    • Determiner / qhj-construction*
    • Root + vo(n)
    • Adjective
      • Adverb
  4. Indirect Object(s)
    • Pronoun + vi(n)
    • Adjective
      • Adverb
  5. Location Object(s)
    • Root + va(n)
    • Postposition
  1. Instrument Object(s)
    • Root + vh(n)
    • Postposition

*If the object is an adjective, then no determiner or qhj-construction is necessary nor allowed.

Combative Speech[]

The Velenian Language has the unique speech pattern called the "Combative Speech". The combative speech is indicating "a time in battle" or "while fighting" and almost all grammatical declension (pre- and suffxies, som particles, inflection) is stripped from the words, using the basic root of the words. In the paradigms above, the root and the combative tense is exactly the same, to emphasis that there will be no inflection in the combative tense.

Another characteristic of the Combative, sentence wise, is the (usually) lack of pronouns other than personal pronouns. Questions, for example, just aren't asked, because it is given that during battle, soldiers shouldn't ask questions; hence, why should questions be available in a combative tense?

Dialects[]

Helian[]

the Velenian Language also exist on Helioz, as they originate from the same planet, however the Helian People speak in a slightly different dialect than the Velenian people do. There are also some words that have other meanings, in particular, Heli which in Velenian means 'Death' while in Helian means 'Rebirth'. The alphabet of the Helian language is also slightly different, and resembles what we know as "English" more. Here are a few examples:

  • /q/ and /z/ are changed into /k/ and /s/.
  • /f/ loses it's implicit /i/.

CODE_E[]

CODE_E is a special dialect of the Velenian language, and used only by the Tactitioneers (In charge of tactics). It resembles a sort of encoding or scripting, and can be very confusing to read. It uses only the Combative Tense and rarely very complex sentences.

Vocabulary[]


No. English Velenian
1IIna
2you (singular)Una
3heOna
4weIma
5you (plural)Uma
6theyOma
7thisDija/Dije/Dijo
8thatDuja/Duje/Dujo
9hereDi
10thereDu
11whoAl
12whatHamba
13whereHalon
14when----
15how----
16notDo
17allLetra/Letre/Letro
18many----
19somehTa/hTe/hTo
20few----
21otherJēit
22oneIz
23twoEt
24threeAv
25fourIzul
26fiveIzul-Iz
27bigZqala
28longZqalfo
29wideZqolfa
30thickDōloqz
31heavyPoqzin
32smallĀloqz
33shortFviqz
34narrowZqnēol
35thinŪqzuto
36woman----
37man (adult male)----
38man (human being)Efta
39childQoet
40wife----
41husband----
42mother----
43father----
44animalTaf
45fishZef
46birdVivice
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51treeBevel
52forestBivil
53stickBal
54fruitBozel
55seedBuz
56leafBiqa
57rootBrutr
58barkBitr
59flowerBadeviz
60grassBade
61rope
62skinBitr
63meat
64blood
65bone
66fat
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hairPrāHa
72headŌjen
73earPrāvapa
74eyePrāgo
75nosePrāzen
76mouthPrāli
77tooth
78tongue
79fingernail
80footŌf'on
81legŌlen
82knee
83hand
84wing
85belly
86guts
87neckŌjal
88backŌgorl
89breast
90heartŪzp
91liver
92drinkZob
93eat
94bite
95suck
96spit
97vomit
98blow
99breatheVīl
100laugh
101seeQlanōz
102hearUrenōz
103knowUntel
104thinkOyenn
105smellRujnōz
106fear
107sleepEletz
108liveLeni
109dieHeli
110killMaza
111fightDena
112huntQrel
113hitDej
114cutBovi
115split
116stab
117scratch
118digTafe
119swimZeve
120flyVive
121walkEfe
122comeEf'ō
123lie
124sit
125stand
126turn
127fallNōra
128give
129holdGrand
130squeeze
131rub
132wash
133wipe
134pull
135push
136throwDyemin
137tie
138sew
139count
140sayDrei
141sing
142play
143float
144flow
145freeze
146swell
147sunVeno
148moonHelo
149starPeco
150waterZal
151rainZilez
152riverZijo
153lakeZici
154seaZin
155salt
156stoneZqeri
157sand
158dust
159earthElēria
160cloud
161fog
162skyVia
163windVilae
164snow
165ice
166smoke
167fireMoqoqo
168ash
169burnMōq
170roadLinua
171mountainMonarq
172redReqiqz
173greenGanuqz
174yellowYaloqz
175whiteVeliqz
176blackHeloqz
177nightHeon
178dayVeon
179yearZaveon
180warmMoqz
181coldPiqz
182full
183new
184old
185goodYadeqz
186badLadeqz
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp
192dull
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correctOnqza
197nearPhne
198far
199right
200left
201atDht
202inOhd
203withZhnec
204andHone
205ifHanal
206becauseHinei
207nameGefi


Example text[]

Velenian[]

Velanoa vuima ja ygh vamaet dzh vecizqa vuima ja ygh vajetae dzh verremir vuima ja ygh varreqz dzh hanyu (As men we survive; As soldiers we fight; as kings we rule.)

Hanal veyonue dreiz vuina hudo veyonuaj dreien vubeta voina la veubioa zetref vuina vaona znhec hanyu (If I were to say that time has changed me, I would agree with it.)

Combative[]

Gemeno Brevil Qrazprh hone Gjhe Pedaz brevil helox hone bovina xqherz znhec ygh Nagäc dth ygh qrotä hone odola qrht hanyu cizq Ftrrh Nejyo drarria zelza rthz znhec ygh Nagäc dth van retr ze qrht hanyu (Magic Launchers and Sniper Slaughterers shoot at Nagas with black magic and corrosive knives from towers and walls. Sword Bastards fight (at) Nagas with +20 quiver from [last location-object used].)

CODE_E[]

IYAOZ_ZE

¤Ëdea_Ftrrh.Nejyo
    ¤Fora : Zelza_Rthz.Drarri
¤Ëdea_Gjhe.Pedaz
    ¤Fora : Bovina.Xqherz
¤Ëdea_Brevil.Qrazprh
    ¤Fora : Brevil.Helox

¤Urobor_Tulinia[LETRO]{
    Ftrrh.Nejyo    == FN
    Gjhe.Pedaz     == GP
    Brevil.Qrazprh == BQ
}

¤Ëdea_Iden.Czh.Iyaoz{
    >Van(Iden.Xerran)
        >>Pirr(Pemega.Jegeta)
        >>Bimon(--DO--)
}

ALEQZ_ELIQZ
    >Ven{Gemeno}
        >>Brevil{Helox}
        >>Gjh{Bovina.Xqherz}
    >Vun[BQ'GP]
        >Oflio[Naga]
    >Van(Qrota'Odol)
        + "Qrht"
    @FDELF_ELIQZ
    >Ven{Cizq}
        >>Ribulez{Zelza_Rthz}
    >Vun[FN]
        >>Oflio[Naga]
    >Van(*Retr_Ze.Van;)
    Hanyu

    HANAL_{
        >Ven{Cqh}
        >Vun[Naga]
        >Van(Jegeta)
    }
    LA_{
        >Ven{Cqh}
        >Vun[LETRO]
            >>Oflio[*Retr_Ze.Vun;]
    }
    Hanyu
ANDRH_ELIQZ
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