Xwarṣa/Lexicon

Biological

hąb-ą̂ð-

to birth, be born

ŋûha- edi.

tongue, language

iman- edi.

body

krinê- edi.

corpse

ǫð-ą̂ð-

to die, to cease to exist, disappear

ǫð-ą̂ð-ǫd-

to kill, to make cease to exist

kǫjtê- iedi.

fear, deminutive sense of terror

amərə̂- adj.

immortal, unkillable, undying

θâtir- edi.

penis

dure- iedi.

sleep

eθ- edi.

mouth

lips

Geography

êma-ṭe- iedi.

sparse deciduous forest

ujjû-ṭe- iedi.

dense deciduous forest

guθpâ- iedi.

(tall) mountain

Industry and Mechanics

ukî-lîs- adj.

flat-toothed, having many flat teeth

hâṣpå-lîs- adj.

sharp-toothed, having many sharp teeth

ukî-lîs-sə- iedi.

the flat-toothed one, flat-toothed gear

hâṣpå-lîs-sə- iedi.

the sharp-toothed one, sharp-toothed gear

êpka-

to assemble, to bring together as a whole from separate parts

Note: the objects assembled are in the absolutive and the assembled result is in the vialis

êpka-luk- iedi.

assembly, construction

êpka-ledǫ- adj.

assembled, constructed, produced, pieced-together

êpka-ledǫ-sə- iedi.

the assembled one, mechanical contraption

ųmbe- adj.

molten, liquid (extremely hot)

Domestic Fauna

båga-ledǫ-kə- edi.

horse, the ridden one

båga-

to ride, to sit on top of while it moves

ûra- edi.

cow, bovine, bull

Wild Fauna

ðilθi- edi.

fox, vulpines

ə̂prųx- edi.

dangerous animal, beast

Flora

îsḍ- iedi.

tree, wooden plant

atê- iedi.

fire, combustion

baḍḍa- edi.

grass, green grass, low grass

Humans

ikk- edi.

human being, person

eba- adj.

related (by blood)

eba-sə- edi.

relative, kinsman/kinswoman

hə̂hrî-

to protect/be protected

ukî- iedi.

tooth (non-canine), flat tooth

hâṣpå- iedi.

canine tooth

ukî-lîs- adj.

flat-toothed, having many flat teeth

hâṣpå-lîs- adj.

sharp-toothed, having many sharp teeth

hâṣpå-lîs-kə- edi.

sharp-toothed one

åjətə- edi.

male human, most commonly used only with copula

viskę- edi.

female human, most commonly used only with copula

åjətê- edi.

man, adult male human

viskâ- edi.

woman, adult female human

ikk-i-kər- edi.

little man, midget

rupą- edi.

(older) boy, young man, lad

virlî- edi.

(older) girl, young woman, lass

sn-åjətə- edi.

son

sn-iskâ- edi.

daughter

âhęk- edi.

child, offspring

Effort

îpma-

to attempt, try, exert effort towards +sub. cl.

eðdi-

+dat to help, to assist, to give assistance

Settlements and Domestic Life

ajak- iedi.

wooden house, hovel, shack

zuṣki- iedi.

door, entrance to house

kapə̂- iedi.

gate, door, entrance (more informal)

Locomotion

mopâ-

+dir to walk, to go by foot away from something

ê-mopâ-

+dat arrive at, come up to, get to

Metalinguistics

ûmmę-

+ins.def be called

ûmmę-luk- iedi.

first name, common name, public name

Habitation, Architecture

ǫkjô- akǫ̂

+dat live in, live at, reside at

ǫkjô- ęn

+dat be married with

labrîḍ- iedi.

maze

ęb-

+ins relocate to, move to

o-k-ęb-

frequently relocate, move around

o-k-ęb-gaḍǫ-

one who moves around a lot

Mental and Physical

ôxa- iedi.

mind, brain

ôxa-uð-

to think, to use mind

qęra- iedi.

ability, capability

waṭ- iedi.

happening, news

x-waṭ- iedi.

awareness, conscience, consciousness

ð-waṭ- iedi.

thought, concept

gijâ- adj.

wise, experienced

gijâ-ḍem- iedi.

wisdom, experience, knowledge

xų̂bar- adj.

brave, valiant

dêṭṭ- adj.

treacherous, cowardly

gijâ-ḍem-lis- adj.

experienced, wise, intelligent

î- adj.

high, elevated

âb- adj.

low

ekij- adj.

tall

tîrj- adj.

short

Norms of Society

xwęt-

to behave; verb + adverb + dat

xwęt-luk- iedi.

behaviour, modus operandi of an individual

ų̂met- iedi.

safety, absence of danger

ų̂met-åx- iedi.

danger

êzę- iedi.

danger

ų̂met-ęd-

cause safety, rescue, save

esbâ- iedi.

glory, honour (secular)

esbâk ḍî-

+dat to thank

Communication

veṣ-

to speak, converse

veṣ-ṣâs- iedi.

word, sound

xąxa-

to make noise, blabber

xąxa-ṣâs- iedi.

a sound, random noise

paṣṣǫ-

to shout, yell

paṣṣǫ-luk- iedi.

clamour, yelling, shouting

virṣa-

to scream, yell in distress or terror

θtamta-

to scream, yell out of surprise or sudden fright

nok-

to express amazement at

Acoustics and Music

ẓiẓi-

to ring, to buzz

ẓiẓi-lejt-e-ṣ- iedi.

buzzer, that which buzzes, bell

uẓ- iedi.

quiet, silent, still

Time

îrli- iedi.

time, the flow of time

akek- iedi.

a single moment in time, an instance, a moment, blink of an eye

îkê adv.

never, not once

aṣê adv.

always, at every time

pralḍî adv.

forever, continuously for an unlimited stretch of time

ûṣta- iedi.

day (24 hours)

mînik- adj.

young

vippi- adj.

old

ṣų̂p- iedi.

high tide

Transfer of Goods, Possession, Commerce

ḍî-

give, be given

ijja-

take, be taken

ẓeprâ-

to have/be had, to possess/be possessed, +ins (replaces abs)

eppa-

send/be sent

îŋi-

sell, give in exchange for currency

îṣpi-

sell, give in exchange for objects

jâlpą-

buy, receive in exchange for currency

jârẓą-

buy, receive in exchange for objects

Transfer of Knowledge

ṇaṇa-

to discover, explore, learn of

ṇaṇa-(...)-sk (...) xə

+ins to meet up with, to find a person

ṭatpi-

to forget, lose, misplace

îve-

seek

Work

uṣa-

to use/be used, to utilise/be utilised

uṣa-luk- iedi.

usage, utilisation

gųma-

to perform/be performed, to do/be done

gųma-ṣâs- iedi.

that which is done/performed, work, job

θôθą-

to make/be made, to produce/be produced

bûθą-

to make/be made, to form, to craft

ûhax- iedi.

completion, perfection, completeness, wholeness

ðet- iedi.

goal, objective, closure

gêxja-

to set a jewel, to make sth. fit perfectly/be made to fit perfectly; verb + abs + dat

War and Politics

isîją- edi.

warrior, armed man prepared for combat

jûxəx- edi.

leader, military officer

îwwi- edi.

archer, bowman, hunter

båga-gaḍǫ- edi.

horseman, rider, one who is riding

båga-lejt-ą- îwwi- edi.

horse archer, mounted archer

ûṣsi-

to rule, to reign, to exercise authority over

ûṣsi-gaḍǫ- edi.

ruler

vârṣ- iedi.

kingdom, polity

bâxtą- iedi.

spear, polearm

Violence

pîrra-

to hit, strike, use force to transfer kinetic energy

jemmîj-

to insult, swear at someone, dishonour someone verbally, sully the name of

Physical

ux- iedi.

strength, firmness, immovability

ux-jem- adj.

strong, firm, unmoving, unyielding, unmovable

briggåð-

to flex

Religion and Honour

Jasnâjẓa- iedi.

the Yasna

Θôθągaḍǫ- edi.

the Creator

Ahuramazdə- iedi.

Ahura Mazda

Vôhumanəx- iedi.

Vohu Manah

Aṣa- iedi.

Asha

neṣ- iedi.

glory, greatness, magnificence

neṣ-jem- adj.

glorious, great, magnificent

gəhâ-

to glow, to shine (intr.)

gəhâ-ledǫ- adj.

shining, glowing, radiant

səxpto- iedi.

divine assistance, divine grace/favour

Aŋrəmainjûṣ- iedi.

Angra Mainyu

spə̂nt- adj.

holy, divine

spə̂nt-ə-sə- iedi.

holiness, measure of divinity, divineness

urvə- iedi.

soul, spirit, urvan

Amahraspent- iedi.

Amesha Spenta

Fluidics

mirṣ-

to sink, fall through

kpu- iedi.

pool, large fluid reservoir

Electromagnetics

yə̂ŋa- iedi.

light (optical)

rą̂ssah- iedi.

light (optical)

mrǫ̂k- iedi.

darkness, absence of light

mrǫ̂k-jem- adj.

dark

mrǫ̂k-jem-im- adj.

dim, dark-ish

mrǫṣti-

to make dark, obnubilate

etê- iedi.

shadow, shade

Emotions

qiqa- iedi.

happiness

qiqa-d-åd-

to be happy

ḍaṣṭ- iedi.

sadness

ḍaṣt-åd-

to be sad

eṇe- iedi.

love

eṇe-d-åd-

to love, be in love with, be in love, be loved

eṇe-d-åd-ledǫ- adj.

+np.dat loved, beloved

ṣiju- iedi.

a desire, a wish

ṣijuvęm ẓeprâ-

+dat to want, to wish, to desire

Food and Drink

bikj-

to eat/be eaten

bikj-ǫd-

to cause to eat, to feed

åpti- iedi.

hunger, stimulus of lack of food

åpti-d-ęd- +tra

to induce hunger, to cause to be hungry, to starve (someone)

åpti-d-åd-

to experience hunger, be hungry

ðrəs- adj.

fat, large

ðrəs-im- adj.

plump, chubby, biggish

ôrẓa- edi.

food, edible produce, edible thing

θpâŋma- edi.

animal oil, fish oil

Quality and Dimensions

ivvâ- adj.

big, large, bulky

ivvâ-k-im- adj.

biggish; plump, somewhat chubby

ṇâra- adj.

good, morally consistent, lawful, morally sound

xaurvâ- adj.

perfect, complete, whole, unitary, indivisible

jije- adj.

æsthetically pleasing, pretty, fine (of appearance)

êma- adj.

sparse, diffuse

ujjû- adj.

dense, packed, compacted

əẓi- iedi.

bottom, end (of a container, chasm)

eθ- iedi [cf. eθ- 'mouth']

beginning (of a container, chasm)

Quantity

uwwûv- adj.

many, much

Extensions

o-

verb intensifier, gives a frequentative meaning

Derivation

-jem adj.

a derivational suffix that makes adjectives out of abstract nouns

-ḍem iedi.

a derivational suffix that makes abstract nouns out of adjectives

-luk iedi.

a derivational suffix that makes abstract nouns out of verbs

-ledǫ adj.

a derivational suffix that makes active participles out of verbs

-lejt adj.

a derivational suffix that makes antipassive participles out of verbs

-k edi.

a derivational suffix that makes edibles out of inedibles or concrete adjectives

-ṣ iedi.

a derivational suffix that makes inedibles out of edibles or concrete adjectives

-kə edi.

a derivational suffix that makes edible nouns out of adjectives with the meaning of representation of the quality

-sə iedi.

a derivational suffix that makes inedible nouns out of adjectives with the meaning of representation of the quality

-lîs adj.

a derivational suffix that makes adjectives out of nouns with the meaning of having a great quantity of the marked

-upę adj.

a derivational suffix that makes adjectives out of nouns with the meaning of having properties of, pertaining to, possessed by or being part of the marked

-ąr adv.

a derivational suffix that makes adverbs out of adjectives

-ṣâr edi.

a derivational suffix that makes edible patient nouns out of verbs

-ṣâs iedi.

a derivational suffix that makes inedible patient nouns out of verbs

-gaḍǫ edi.

a derivational suffix that makes edible agent nouns out of verbs

-ęd

a derivational suffix that makes causative verbs out of nouns

-ǫd

a derivational suffex that makes causative verbs out of other verbs

-åd

a derivational suffix that makes experience/stimulus verbs out of nouns

-uð

a derivational suffix that makes utilisation verbs out of nouns

-im

a derivational suffix that

> makes adjectives with similar properties of the noun out of the noun

> diminishes adjectives, "somewhat"

> broadens the adjective scope, "approximately"

-uk

a derivational suffix that makes abstract nouns indicating a lack of other nouns; "-lessness"

-åx

a derivational suffix that makes opposites of the same class

Legal and Logical Concepts

qǫs- iedi.

freedom, liberty

qǫs-ąs/ęs-

to become free, to liberate

qǫs-jem- adj.

free

ðoz- adj.

correct, right

ðoẓ-ḍem- iedi.

moral or legal entitlement, "right"

vûx- adj.

same, equal

vûx-ḍem- iedi.

equality, monotony

jîṭṭ-

to respect, to be respected

jîṭṭ-i-luk- iedi.

respect (for someone, something)

sada-

to allow/permit sby. to do sth., to be allowed to do sth.

Conjuctions and Particles

ję=

"and", joins constituents of complex phrases

jaṣ

"and", joins independent clauses in compound sentences

ǫkê

marks conditionals of direct causation

eję=

marks direct consequences, "so", "thus"

daję=

marks temporal sequence, "thus", "afterwards", "then"

Adverbs

jaṣ adv.

adverb expressing surprise, indicates action undertaken is wider than planned; "furthermore"

jîri adv.

well, properly

ikâ adv.

very, quite

kijri adv.

poorly, badly, improperly

dwôṇo adv.

fully, completely

sôṇô dwôṇô adv.

fully, completely, utterly, totally

ûmit adv.

near, close

ęrit adv.

far

Pronouns

na-ṭîr-k-, na-ṭîr-s-

impersonal pronoun, "everything, everyone"

ê-ṭîr-k-, ê-ṭîr-s-

impersonal pronoun, "something, someone"

kə-ṭîr-k-, kə-ṭîr-s-

impersonal pronoun, "nothing, noone"

ẓa-ṭîr-k-, ẓa-ṭîr-s-

relative pronoun, "which, that"

General

ų- (ǫð-ęk/ąk-) irr.

the copula, "to be"

ų-luk- iedi.

existence, act of existing

Pre/postpositions

pąn

+dat/pos according to (source of information), according to (property)

+via across (a surface), over (an obstacle)

pąr

+dat on, atop

xə̂

+ins with (company), with (instrument)

ęn

+dat (benefactive)

akǫ̂

+dat in, at, within (physical, static)

+via.def at (temporal, defined and definite)

+via at (temporal, different from a previous time)

miwê

+via during, for (a stretch of time)

wî

+dat into, onto, towards

aθ

+mal made of, out of, of,