Progress 57% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Zzatud Ԅатуд | |||
---|---|---|---|
Type | |||
Fusional | |||
Alignment | |||
Nominative–accusative | |||
Head direction | |||
Initial | |||
Tonal | |||
No | |||
Declensions | |||
Yes | |||
Conjugations | |||
Yes | |||
Genders | |||
No | |||
Nouns decline according to... | |||
Case | Number | ||
Definiteness | Gender | ||
Verbs conjugate according to... | |||
Voice | Mood | ||
Person | Number | ||
Tense | Aspect |
Example Sentences of Zzatud |
---|
I am a man. |
Я щагат. |
I love you. |
Я ним бли. |
I will give you horses. |
Я гоѵю яѷисул гаӷ. |
Do you hear the sound from the east? |
Деж ги яхиӓ итӱлух ёз-лэдзӥџ? |
This is a constructed language. |
Ижва дячоҟищ зэликэс. |
General information[]
Zzatud is a language spoken in Zzatudstan (Zzatud: Ԅатудкӓӧнѳ), in Central Asia. This language features Cyrillic scripts and a bunch of consonants.
Phonology[]
Alphabet[]
Alphabet | А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Ӷ ӷ | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | A | Be | Ve | Ge | Ghe | Gxe | Da | Ye | Yo | Je |
А | Бэ | Вэ | Гэ | Ғэ | Ӷэ | Да | Е | Ё | Жэ | |
Alphabet | Ӂ ӂ | Җ җ | З з | Ԅ ԅ | Ѕ ѕ | И и | Ӥ ӥ | ИЬ иь | Ї ї | Й й |
Name | Dha | Zha | Ze | Zza | Dze | I | Iu | Eu | Eo | Ij' |
Ӂа | Җа | Зэ | Ԅа | Ѕэ | И | Ӥ | ИЬ | Ї | Ий | |
Alphabet | Ҋ ҋ | К к | Ҟ ҟ | Қ қ | Л л | Љ љ | М м | Н н | О о | Ӧ ӧ |
Name | Uo | Ke | Khe | Kxe | El | Lxa | Em | En | O | Oa |
Ҋ | Кэ | Ҟэ | Қэ | Эл | Ља | Эм |
Эн |
О | Ӧ | |
Alphabet | П п | Р р | Ӓ ӓ | С с | Т т | Ҭ ҭ | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Ѵ ѵ |
Name | Pe | Rho | Ra | Es | Te | Tha | U | Ui | Ef | Efh |
Пэ | Ро | Ӓа | Эс | Тэ | Ҭа | У | Ӱ | Эф | Эѵ | |
Alphabet | Ѷ ѷ | Ѳ ѳ | Ԗ ԗ | Х х | Ҳ ҳ | Ц ц | Ч ч | Џ џ | Ш ш | Щ щ |
Name | Evh | Lhe | Rxe | Sxa | Zxa | Tse | Che | Dje | Qe | She |
Эѷ | Ѳэ | Ԗэ | Ха | Ҳа | Цэ | Чэ | Џэ | Шэ | Щэ | |
Alphabet | Ь ь | Э э | Ӭ ӭ | Ю ю | Я я | ДЦ дц | ТХ тх | |||
Name | Baskrovh | E | Ae | Yu | Ya | Dats | Tasx | |||
Баскӓоѷ | Э | Ӭ | Ю | Я | Дац | Тах |
Consonants[]
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | м /m/ | н /n/ | |||||||
Stop | п /p/, б /b/ | т /t/, д /d/ | к /k/, г /g/ | қ /q/, ӷ /ɢ/ | |||||
Fricative | ѵ /ɸ/, ѷ /β/ | ф /f/, в /v/ | с /s/, з /z/ | ш /ʃ/, ж /ʒ/ | щ /ʂ/, җ /ʐ/ | х /ɕ/, ҳ /ʑ/ | ҟ /x/, ғ /ɣ/ | ||
Affricate | ц /ts/, ѕ /dz/ | ч /tʃ/, џ /dʒ/ | ҭ /ʈʂ/, ӂ /ɖʐ/ | тх /tɕ/, дц /dʑ/ | |||||
Approximant | ӓ /ɹ/ | ||||||||
Trill | р /r/ | ԗ /ʀ/ | |||||||
Lateral fric. | ѳ /ɬ/, љ /ɮ/ | ||||||||
Lateral app. | л /l/ | ||||||||
Click | ԅ /ǀ/ |
Vowels[]
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | Unrounded | Rounded | |
Close | и /i/ | ӱ /y/ | ӥ /ɨ/ | ӥӱ /ʉ/ | ҋ /ɯ/ | у /u/ |
Close-mid | э /e/ | ї /ø/ | о /o/ | |||
Mid | иь /ə/ | |||||
Open-mid | ӭ /ɛ/ | ӧ /ɔ/ | ||||
Open | а /a/ |
Syllable[]
The structure of syllables in Zzatud is (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C). That is, there is a big variety, but we can still find some common strucutre:
Syllable | Zzatud | IPA | English |
---|---|---|---|
V | э | /e/ | on, over, above |
AV | я | /ja/ | I |
VC | ӱд | /yd/ | girl |
CV | лї | /lø/ | each |
CVA | ӂейь | /dʐeɰ/ | sign |
CVC | сёт | /sʲot/ | cat |
CCVC | стац | /stats/ | food |
CCVAC | вмолѕ | /vmoldz/ | mountain |
DCCVC | жстҋк | /ʒstɯk/ | river |
Where A stands for approximant consonant and D stands for voiced consonant. Here are also some rules to obey:
- The only click consonant "ԅ" shall only appear right in front of a vowel with no other consonants between them.
- There shall not be any consonants between an approximant consonants and a vowel.
Baskrovh[]
The letter "ь" is used for not only notation of palatalization but also new consonants and vowels. Here is a table:
Origin | IPA | Compound | IPA |
---|---|---|---|
и | /i/ | иь | /ə/ |
р | /r/ | рь | /r̥/ |
й | /j/ | йь | /ɰ/ |
н | /n/ | нь | /ɲ/ |
The rest of compunds are about palatalization.
Pronoun[]
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | ||
First Person | Accusative me |
Ло Lo |
Лоб Lob |
Луз Luz | ||||||
Instrumental, Ablative, Allative with me / from me / to me |
Яф Yaf |
Яб Yab |
Ябс Yabc | |||||||
Nominative I |
Я Ya |
(Яин) (Yain) |
Яд Yad |
Ӧз Oaz | ||||||
Essive like me |
Уя Uya |
Уяд Uyad |
Ую Uyu | |||||||
Dative, Vocative to me / Oh I |
Яф Yaf |
Яб Yab |
Ябс Yabs | |||||||
Genetive mine |
Яв Yav |
Ява Yava |
Яву Yavu | |||||||
Reflexive myself |
Яѕ Yadz |
Яди Yadi |
Ӧзи Oazi | |||||||
Second Person | Accusative thee |
Гиа Gia |
Хю Sxyu |
Ним Nim |
Гйис Gj'is |
Хюб Sxyub |
Нимб Nimb |
Гим Gim |
Хаз Sxaz |
Нӥҟ Niukh |
Instrumental, Ablative, Allative with thee / to thee / from thee |
Гип Gip |
Гупа Gupa |
Гэц Gets | |||||||
Nominative thou |
Ги Gi |
Гит Git |
Гиѳ Gilh |
Гу Gu |
Гут Gut |
Гуѳ Gulh |
Ган Gan |
Гант Gant |
Ганѳ Ganlh | |
Essive like thee |
Мос Mos |
Молс Mols |
Мос Mos |
Ӓӱн Ruin |
Ӓӱнд Ruind |
Ӓӱн Ruin |
ТХуиц Tsxuits |
ТХуац Tsxuats |
ТХуиц Tsxuits | |
Dative, Vocative to thee / Oh thou |
Гаӷ Gagx |
Гуӷ Gugx |
Гӥ Giu | |||||||
Genetive thy |
Гэл Gel |
Гул Gul |
Гэлӂ Guldh |
Гэли Geli |
Гэлд Geld |
Гэлиӂ Gelidh |
Гук Guk |
Гак Gak |
Гуӂ Gudh | |
Reflexive thyself |
Сиж Sij |
Сиц Sits |
Сиж Sij |
Суч Such |
Суз Suz |
Суч Such |
Сӥғ Siugh |
Сӥљ Siulx |
Сӥғ Siugh | |
Third Person | Accusative him |
Ӭдц Aedts |
Ӭдца Aedtsa |
Ӭдцэ Aedtse |
Ӭб Aeb |
Ӭбу Aebu |
Ӭбӧ Aebao |
Ӭтх Aetsx |
Ӭтха Aetsxa |
Ӭтхэ Aetsxe |
Instrumental, Ablative, Allative with him / to him / from him |
Ӭч Aech |
Ӭча Aecha |
Ӭчэ Aeche |
Ӭчу Aechu |
Ӭчад Aechad |
Ӭчэд Aeched |
Ӭх Aesx |
Ӭхбла Aesxbla |
Ӭха Aesxa | |
Nominative he |
Вда Vda |
Вдас Vdas |
Вдэс Vdes |
Вду Vdu |
Вдус Vdus |
Вдуд Vdud |
Вис Vis |
Вийяс Vij'yas |
Вид Vid | |
Essive like him |
Ӂӥл Dhiul |
Ӂӥв Dhiuv |
Ӂӥх Dhiusx |
Ӂил Dhil |
Ӂив Dhiv |
Ӂих Dhisx |
Ӂӧл Dhoal |
Ӂӧв Dhoav |
Ӂӧх Dhoasx | |
Dative, Vocative to him / Oh he |
Ӭшэщ Aeqesh |
Ӭшащ Aeqash |
Ӭшещ Aeqyesh |
Ӭшэ Aeqe |
Ӭша Aeqa |
Ӭше Aeqye |
Ӭԅ Aezz |
Ӭԅа Aezza |
Ӭԅук Aezzuk | |
Genetive his |
Вӱс Vuis |
Вӱт Vuit |
Вӱст Vuist |
Вӧс Vaos |
Вӧт Vaot |
Вӧст Vaost |
Вӓат Vrat |
Вӓак Vrak |
Вӓаж Vraj | |
Reflexive himself |
Җаз Zhaz |
Җаим Zhaim |
Җал Zhal |
Җӭдц Zhaedts |
Җӭтх Zhaetsx |
Җӭџ Zhaedj |
Җиӓ Zhir |
Җиӓҟ Zhirkh |
Җиӓу Zhiru | |
Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | Masculine | Neuter | Femiline | ||
Singular | Dual | Plural |
Universal (every) | Assertive Existential (some) | Elective Existential (any) | Distributive (each) | Other (other) | Negative (none) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | лаҗ lazh |
мийӧҟ mij'aokh |
ѷэс vhes |
лї leo |
ёф yof |
нйэ nje |
Dual | лӱҗ luizh |
мийуҟ mij'ukh |
ѷэст vhest |
(лїд) (leod) |
ёфа yofa |
нийс nij's |
Plural, Uncountable | лаҗӭ lazhae |
миҟӭ mikhae |
ѷӭс vhaes |
— | ёфк yofk |
нӭж naej |
Interrogative Pronoun[]
SIngular, Uncertain | Dual | Plural | Adjective | |
---|---|---|---|---|
What | Этэ Ete |
Этэу Ete'u |
Этэуа Ete'u'a |
Этэғ Etegh |
Who | Иѷэ Ivhe |
Иѷэу Ivhe'u |
Иѷэуа Ivhe'u'a |
Иѷэғ Ivhegh |
Why | Унэ Une |
Унэу Une'u |
Унэуа Une'u'a |
Унэғ Unegh |
Where | Ӥӓэ Iure |
Ӥӓэу Iure'u |
Ӥӓэуа Iure'u'a |
Ӥӓэғ Iuregh |
Whither | Ӥӓа Iura |
Ӥӓау Iura'u |
Ӥӓауа Iura'u'a |
Ӥӓағ Iuragh |
Whence | Ӥӓӧ Iuroa |
Ӥӓӧу Iuroa'u |
Ӥӓӧуа Iuroa'u'a |
Ӥӓӧғ Iuroagh |
At When | Гопрэ Goprhe |
Гопрэу Goprhe'u |
Гопрэуа Goprhe'u'a |
Гопрэғ Goprhegh |
Till When | Гопра Goprha |
Гопрау Goprha'u |
Гопрауа Goprha'u'a |
Гопрағ Goprhagh |
From When | Гопрӧ Goprhoa |
Гопрӧу Goprhoa'u |
Гопрӧуа Goprhoa'u'a |
Гопрӧғ Goprhoagh |
How | Рэ Rhe |
Рэу Rhe'u |
Рэуа Rhe'u'a |
Рэғ Rhegh |
How much/many | ИЬсэ Euse |
ИЬсэу Euse'u |
ИЬсэуа Euse'u'a |
ИЬсэғ Eusegh |
Whose | Иѷэӥ Ivhe'iu |
Иѷэїԗ Ivhe'eorx |
Иѷэуӓ Ivhe'ur |
Иѷэӥғ Ivhe'iugh |
Whether | Ҋве Uovye |
Ҋвеу Uovye'u |
Ҋвеуа Uovye'u'a |
Ҋвеғ Uovyegh |
Which | Аве Avye |
Авеу Avye'u |
Авеуа Avye'u'a |
Авеғ Avyegh |
Basicly their declension are same as normal nouns. Most of the time these interogative pronouns are treated as neuter noun, but in past tense they are masculine, and in the future tense they are femiline.
Demonstrative Pronoun[]
Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal | Medial | Distal | Proximal | Medial | Distal | ||
Nominative | Masculine | ||||||
Femiline | |||||||
Neuter | |||||||
Accusative | Masculine | ||||||
Femiline | |||||||
Neuter | |||||||
Genetive | Masculine | ||||||
Femiline | |||||||
Neuter | |||||||
Dative, Essive | Masculine | ||||||
Femiline | |||||||
Neuter | |||||||
Instrumental, Ablative, Allative |
Masculine | ||||||
Femiline | |||||||
Neuter |
Noun[]
Gender[]
Like most languages featuring gender, genders of nouns in Zzatud depends on the ending. Well, most of them do.
Ending | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | Most Consonants | зэлик (zelik, language) |
Femiline | ѷ, в, з, ж, җ, ҳ, Vowels, Nasal Consonants | ӥон (iu'on, sun) |
Neuter | Approximant, Lateral, Trill and Click Consonants | ҳаѳ (zxalh, crown) |
There are also exceptions such as nouns whose genders depends on their meanings. For example, the word "ӱд"uid(girl) has the ending "д" but it's femiline noun.
Declension according to Case, Number and Gender[]
Here are totally 9 cases and 3 classes of declension in Zzatud.
гат (gat, man) | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | ||
Motion | Ablative | гатэс gates |
ягатэс yagates |
гатёс gatyos |
ӥҟгатёс eokhgatyos |
гатэсаю gatesayu |
гатэсая gatesaya |
Allative | гата gata |
ягата yagata |
гатю gatyu |
ӥҟгатю eokhgatyu |
гатаю gatayu |
гатая gataya | |
Morpho- syntactic Alignment |
Accusative | гатэс gates |
ӓигатэс rigates |
гатї gateo |
ригатї rhigateo |
гатэсаю gatesayu |
гатэсая gatesaya |
Instrumental | гатад gatad |
гатадц gatadts |
гатод gatod |
гатодц gatodts |
гатадаю gatadayu |
гатадая gatadaya | |
Nominative | гат gat |
гатяғ gatyagh |
гати gati |
гатйёӷ gatj'yogx |
гатю gatyu |
гатий gatij' | |
Relation | Dative | гата gata |
ягата yagata |
гатюѕ gatyudz |
ӥҟгатюѕ eokhgatyudz |
гатаю gatayu |
гатая gataya |
Genetive | гатис gatis |
гатиԗ gatirx |
гатйэс gatj'es |
гатйэԗ gatj'erx |
гатисаю gatisayu |
гатисая gatisayu | |
Semantic | Vocative | Гатя Gatya |
Гатюст Gatyust |
Гатят Gatyat |
Гатюӷт Gatyugxt |
Гатяю Gatyayu |
Гатяй Gatyaj' |
State | Essive | щагат shagat |
ящагат yashagat |
мигат migat |
ӥҟмигат eokhmigat |
фагатаю fagatayu |
лигатаю ligatayu |
Note that somehow allative case has been merged by dative case.
вон (von, tree) | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | ||
Motion | Ablative | AS GENETIVE | |||||
Allative | AS DATIVE | ||||||
Morpho- syntactic Alignment |
Accusative | вонӭ vonae |
вонӭз vonaez |
вонэк vonek |
вонэкс voneks |
вонюҗ vonyuzh |
вонюӂ vonyudh |
Instrumental | воня vonya |
вонял vonyal |
вонёс vonyos |
вонёсь vonyos' |
вонйоғ vonj'ogh |
вонйоғь vonj'ogh' | |
Nominative | вон von |
вонаг vonag |
вону vonu |
вонуҟ vonukh |
вонуа vonua |
вонуаж vonuaj | |
Relation | Dative | вона vona |
вонаҳ vonazx |
вонеч vonyech |
вонемч vonyemch |
вонйуқ vonj'ukx |
вонйуӷ vonj'ugx |
Genetive | вонӥ voniu |
вонӥџ voniudj |
вонїԗ voneorx |
вонїуԗ voneo'urx |
вонуӓ vonyr |
вонуӓџ vonurdj | |
Semantic | Vocative | AS NOMINATIVE | |||||
State | Essive | ѷивон vhivon |
ѷйявон vhj'yavon |
ѳӱвон lhuivon |
ѳйӱвон lhj'uivon |
циьвон tseuvon |
цаиьвон tsa'euvon |
џощ (djosh, water) | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | ||
Motion | Ablative | AS GENETIVE | |||||
Allative | AS DATIVE | ||||||
Morpho- syntactic Alignment |
Accusative | џощу djoshu |
џощух djoshusx |
џощум djoshum |
џощуд djoshud |
џощӱѳ djoshuilh |
џощӱљ djoshuilx |
Instrumental | џоща djosha |
џощах djoshasx |
џощам djosham |
џощад djoshad |
џощїӓ djosheor |
џощїљ djosheolx | |
Nominative | џощ djosh |
џощях djoshyasx |
џощям djoshyam |
џощяд djoshyad |
џощӥԗ djosheorx |
џощӥљ djosheolx | |
Relation | Dative | џощэ djoshe |
џощэх djoshesx |
џощэм djoshem |
џощэд djoshed |
џощӧѷ djoshoavh |
џощӧљ djoshoalx |
Genetive | џощис djoshis |
џощих djoshisx |
џощим djoshim |
џощид djoshid |
џощҋӂ djoshuodh |
џощҋљ djoshuolx | |
Semantic | Vocative | AS DATIVE | |||||
State | Essive | дцӭџощ dtsaedjosh |
мӭџощ maedjosh |
ԗиџощ rxidjosh |
ѵиџощ fhidjosh |
заџощ zadjosh |
кйаџощ kj'adjosh |
Genetive Noun[]
The genetive nouns can also be used as determiner, but it requires the same suffix as other adjectives when modifying accusative nouns.
- Сталиниԗ волжяғ. (The Stalin's flag.)
Essive Noun[]
Besides used for denoting the state of something, the essive case can also, same as genetive case, used as adjectives. Yet, it requires the same suffix as other adjectives when modifying accusative nouns.
- Ящасталин волжяғ. (The flag featuring Stalin.)
Verb[]
Infinitive Form[]
Silimar to Russian, most of Zzatud verbs has regular infinitive form. There are two infinitive endings: -юџ (-yudj) and -ҋӓд (-uord). There are also exceptions.
Conjugation[]
блюџ (blyudj, love) | Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | Past | Future | Present | Past | Future | ||
First Person | Singular | бли bli |
блисч blisch |
блиѕ blidz |
блядц blyadts |
бляц blyats |
бляҟ blyakh |
Plural | блиь bli' |
блись blic' |
блиѕь blidz' |
блядцёлд blyadtsyold |
бляцёл blyatsyol |
бляҟёл blyakhyol | |
Second Person | Singular | блиӓ blir |
блиӓс blirs |
блиӓѕ blirdz |
блйӱдц blj'uidts |
блйӱц blj'uits |
блйӱҟ blj'uikh |
Plural | блиц blits |
блиӓсь blirs' |
блиӓѕь blirdz' |
блйӱдцёл blj'uidtsyol |
блйӱцёлв blj'uitsyolv |
блйӱҟёл blj'uikhyol | |
Third Person | Singular | блӧѳ bloalh |
блӧқ bloakx |
блӧљ bloalx |
блайӧҭ blaj'oath |
блайӧтх blaj'oatsx |
блайӧп blaj'oal |
Plural | блҋѳ bluolh |
блҋқ bluokx |
блҋљ bluolx |
блїҭ bleoth |
блїтх bleotsx |
блїп bleop | |
Participle | сублиш subliq |
сублищ sublish |
— | дяблиш dyabliq |
дяблищ dyablish |
— | |
Adverbial Participle | цублӱԗ tsubluirx |
цублӱк tsubluik |
— | ҭӱблюх thuiblyusx |
ҭӱблюԗ thuiblyurx |
— |
ѵадҋӓд (fhaduord, write) | Active | Passive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | Past | Future | Present | Past | Future | ||
First Person | Singular | ѵадунч fhadunch |
ѵадув fhaduv |
ѵадул fhadul |
ѵадаҭ fhadath |
ѵадаҟ fhadakh |
ѵадаѕ fhadadz |
Plural | ѵадуэнч fhadu'ench |
ѵадуэв fhadu'ev |
ѵадуэл fhaduel |
ѵадуаҭ fhadu'ath |
ѵадуаҟ fhadu'akh |
ѵадуаѕ fhadu'adz | |
Second Person | Singular | ѵадӱѕ fhaduidz |
ѵадӱдц fhaduidts |
ѵадӱџ fhaduidj |
ѵадёҳ fhadyozx |
ѵадёмс fhadyoms |
ѵадёкт fhadyokt |
Plural | ѵадюѕ fhadyudz |
ѵадюдц fhadyudts |
ѵадюџ fhadyudj |
ѵадйяҳ fhadj'yazx |
ѵадйямс fhadj'yams |
ѵадйякт fhadj'yakt | |
Third Person | Singular | ѵадӧлж fhadoalj |
ѵадӧк fhadoak |
ѵадӧнц fhadoants |
ѵадӧив fhadao'iv |
ѵадӧиѳ fhadao'ilh |
ѵадӧиљ fhadao'ilx |
Plural | ѵадҋлж fhaduolj |
ѵадҋк fhaduok |
ѵадҋнц fhaduonts |
ѵадїов fhadeo'ov |
ѵадїоѳ fhadeo'olh |
ѵадїољ fhadeo'olx | |
Participle | ӷаѵадӓа gxafhadra |
ӷаѵадӓу gxafhadru |
— | ҟиьѵада kheufhada |
ҟиьѵадьа kheufhad'a |
— | |
Adverbial Participle | гоѵадлус gofhadlus |
гоѵадляс gofhadlyas |
— | миӧѵадёй mi'aofhadyoj' |
миӧѵадьёй mi'aofhad'yoj' |
— |
Adjective, Adverb[]
Adjectives themselves don't have gender, but they change their form according to the ending, the gender ,and case of noun. Adjectives in Zzatud don't depend on number.
Voiceless Ending | Nominative, Vocative | Accusative | Motion | Dative, Essive | Genetive | Instrumental | Noun Form(N.) | Adverb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ӱлк- (uilk-, golden) |
Masculine Noun | ӱлкуой uilkoij' |
ӱлкуоѷ uilkovh |
ӱлкуоҟ uilkokh |
ӱлкуом uilkom |
ӱлкуось uilkos' |
ӱлкуосэ uilkose |
ӱлкив uilkiv |
ӱлкяй uilkyaj' |
Femiline Noun | ӱлкё uilkyo |
ӱлкёз uilkyoz |
ӱлкёҟ uilkyokh |
ӱлкёӓҟ uilkyorkh | |||||
Neuter Noun | ӱлкї uilkeo |
ӱлкїщ uilkeosh |
ӱлкїҟ uilkeokh |
Voiced, Lateral, Vowel Ending | Nominative, Vocative | Accusative | Motion | Dative, Essive | Genetive | Instrumental | Noun Form(N.) | Adverb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
баљ- (balx-, elegant) |
Masculine Noun | баљиьн balxeun |
баљиьѕ balxeudz |
баљиьџ balxeudj |
баљиьв balxeuv |
баљиьть balxeut' |
баљиьж balxeuj |
баљм balxm |
баљми balxmi |
Femiline Noun | баљяӂ balxyadh |
баљяѵ balxyafh |
баљядц balxyadts | ||||||
Neuter Noun | баљиӭр balxi'aerh |
баљиӭљ balxi'aelx |
баљиӭӓг balxi'aerg |
Adverbs don't reflect, they have only one form.
Preposition[]
Prepositions can reflect the same way as other adjectives and be regarded as adjective roots with meanings. That is:
- мац (above) → мацуой (upper), мацис (thing above) → мацисӥљ (the things above)
Syntax[]
Declaration[]
The most normal sentence in languages: the declaration. In Zzatud, the syntax of declaration is different from most european languages like English, French, and Atramia. It's like Japanese, that is to say, the syntax of declaration in Zzatud is SOV.
- Бавресйяғ ӱдэкс блӧқ. (The slave the two girls loved.)(The slave loved the two girls.)
Question[]
As for the question, the syntax changes to OSV. In other words, the object has been put in front of the subject.
- Ԅэ-гопра ло ги фэчкиӓ?(Till when me you look?)(When will you stop looking at me?)
- Де ги яхиӓ итӱлух ёз-лэдзӥџ?(It you hear the sound from-the-east?)(Do you hear the sound from the east?)
Syntactic Expletive[]
Since both subject and object are in front of verb, Zzatud has a system of expletive for them. The expletives depends on gender and case.
Expletives | Nominative, Vocative | Accusative | Genetive | Dative, Essive | Motion | Instrumental |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Да Da |
Даж Dazh |
Дивж Divzh |
Дар Darh |
Дӧѳ Doalh |
Дяӂ Dyadh |
Femiline | Дун Dun |
Дуит Du'it |
Дукт Dukt | |||
Neuter | Де Dye |
Деж Dyezh |
Деҗ Dyezh |
Negation[]
To express negation, simply put the negation word "из" in front of a verb. There is also a form for imperative sentences: "ец".
Command[]
To command, we use verb roots instead of any other declensions.
- Иш! (Go to sleep!)
- Ец деж иқ! (Don't say it!)
Vocabulary[]
- main article: Zzatud Lexicon
Zzatud lexicon, different from other dictionaried, has declensions and conjugations for every words, on account of the annoying grammar.Here's an example:
Zzatud | Romanization | English | Conjugation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
афюџ | afyudj | stop |
|
Example text[]
Я ним бли.
I love you.
Узв фаҭэлғсаю. Я цит гип даж еқиѕь узв тоѕиьѕ џейљиьѕ ҭэлғсэсаю.
There are apples. I and you will eat ten red apples there.
МАРКСИԖ, ЭНГЭЛСИԖ, ЛЕНИНИԖ, ЦИТ СТАЛИНИԖ ВОЛЖЭСАЯ ВЭИҞ!
Raise high the banner of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin!
СЭЙЦИԖ ӦВУАЖ ГОБИС ФРИМЭС ИЗ СҊѶКЕНТИЅЬ.
We nations of the world will not repeat the horror of war.
Катюша[]
Афавуаж цит җэкӓивуаж ӂёпӷэԗҋқ.
Apple trees and pear trees were blooming.
Џйисий всчэдадая ӂёпсӓарҋқ.
The mist was creeping on the river.
Катюша йивиаҳ ӂёппуҟӧк.
Katuysha was on the way to the bank.
Йиваг, дивж киселӥԗ ӂёпдӧшҋқ.
The bank whose rocks were standing straight.